Mineralogy for Petrologists: Optics, Chemistry and Occurrences of Rock-Forming Minerals

by Demange; Michel Andre

• ISBN13: 9780415684217
• ISBN10: 0415684218
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2012-05-21
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

This book provides a categorized and visualized overview and presents microscopic observations, systematic mineralogy, chemistry, geology, stability, paragenesis, occurrence and use in petrology of 137 minerals. Structural formula calculations are included in the appendix. Consists of a set of book and CD-ROM for students and practically-oriented researchers and professionals in geology, geological, mining, and mineral resources engineering who need a reference of mineralogy, applied to petrology. The CD-ROM contains 384 color plates with mineral microscopic visuals under various circumstances.

Author Biography

Dr. Michel Demange has devoted his career to regional geology and tectonics of metamorphic and magmatic terranes and to ore deposits. Graduated from the cole Nationale Suprieure des Mines de Paris and holding a Docteur-es-Sciences from the University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, he has been active in a rich variety of geological projects and investigations around the world. In combination with his teaching and research activities at the cole des Mines in Paris, France, he headed various research studies. This book benefits from the great experience in field studies, research and teaching and the wealth of data and images accumulated during his career. This book and its companion volume are both available in French from the Presses de I'cole des Mines, Paris.

Table of Contents

Author biography	p. xi
Introduction	p. xiii
Why the microscope? Purpose of the book	p. xiii
Use of the CD	p. xv
Browsing the CD	p. xv
Rocks and minerals	p. 1
What is a mineral?	p. 1
An ordered atomic structure	p. 1
A given chemical composition	p. 6
Classification of the minerals	p. 8
Factors of occurrence of minerals	p. 10
Physical factors	p. 10
Chemical factors	p. 12
Parameters linked to the fluid phase	p. 14
Chemical composition of the rock	p. 14
Silica saturation of igneous rocks	p. 16
Alumina saturation of igneous rocks	p. 16
Plan adopted in this guide	p. 19
Observations with the petrographic microscope	p. 21
Indicatrix (refractive index ellipsoid)	p. 22
The petrographic microscope	p. 25
Crystalline plate with parallel faces in crossed polarized light	p. 28
Observations in parallel polarized light (PPL)	p. 33
Forms, fractures, cleavages	p. 33
Index/refringence	p. 33
Color - Pleochroism	p. 34
Inclusions	p. 35
Alterations	p. 35
Observations in cross polarized light (CPL)	p. 35
Interference colors - Birefringence	p. 35
Anomalous interference colors	p. 35
Position of the indicatrix - Angle of extinction	p. 36
Sign of elongation	p. 36
Twinning	p. 37
Observations in convergent polarized light	p. 38
Obtain an interference figure	p. 39
Uniaxial mineral: section perpendicular to the optic axis	p. 39
Determining optic sign	p. 40
Biaxial mineral: section perpendicular to an optic axis	p. 41
Determining optic sign	p. 41
Biaxial mineral: section perpendicular to the bisector of the acute angle of the optic axes	p. 42
Determining optic sign	p. 42
Dispersion	p. 43
Fluid and melt inclusions in rock-forming minerals	p. 44
Definitions	p. 44
Identification of the fluid/melt content	p. 45
Primary versus secondary inclusions	p. 46
Potential interest of fluid/melt inclusion studies	p. 47
Systematic mineralogy	p. 51
Major tectosilicates: Quartz - feldspars - feldspathoids	p. 51
Silica group	p. 52
Feldspars	p. 54
Chemical composition	p. 54
Stability of feldspars	p. 57
Occurrences of feldspars	p. 58
Alteration of the feldspars	p. 65
Feldspathoids	p. 66
Chemical composition	p. 66
Occurrences	p. 67
Major ferro-magnesian minerals: micas, chlorites, amphiboles, pyroxenes, olivines, serpentines	p. 69
Micas and related minerals	p. 69
Structure and chemical composition	p. 69
Alterations of micas	p. 72
Stability of micas	p. 72
Occurrences of micas	p. 73
Lithium-bearing micas	p. 78
Paragonite	p. 78
Brittle micas	p. 78
Stilpnomelane	p. 79
Talc	p. 80
Zussmanite - Howieite - Deerite	p. 80
Chlorites	p. 81
Structure and chemical composition	p. 81
Occurrences of chlorites	p. 81
Amphiboles	p. 84
Structure and chemical composition	p. 84
Classification of the amphiboles (Leake, 1978)	p. 84
Stability of amphiboles	p. 89
Occurrences of amphiboles	p. 90
Pyroxenes	p. 92
Structure and chemical composition	p. 92
Stability of pyroxenes	p. 97
Occurrences of the pyroxenes	p. 98
Olivine group	p. 102
Structure and chemical composition	p. 102
Stability of olivines	p. 103
Occurrences of olivines	p. 103
Alterations of olivine	p. 106
Serpentine and serpentinization	p. 106
Aluminous minerals	p. 108
Structure and chemical composition	p. 108
Alumina silicates: andalusite, sillimanite, kyanite	p. 108
Aluminous garnets	p. 109
Staurolite	p. 110
Chloritoid	p. 111
Cordierite	p. 111
Magnesiocarpholite	p. 112
Sapphirine	p. 113
Topaz	p. 113
Beryl	p. 113
Corundum	p. 113
Pyrophyllite	p. 114
Diaspore (gibbsite and boehmite)	p. 114
Occurrences	p. 114
Metamorphic rocks	p. 114
Igneous rocks	p. 124
Metasomatic rocks	p. 124
Sedimentary rocks and alterites	p. 126
Calcic, magnesian and calc-magnesian minerals	p. 126
Chemical composition and stability	p. 126
Carbonates	p. 126
Aluminous, anhydrous and hydrated, calcic silicates	p. 130
Non aluminous calcium silicates	p. 134
Magnesian, non-aluminous silicates (oxides and hydroxides) (anhydrous and hydrated; saturated and under-saturated in silica)	p. 135
Ferro-magnesian calcic silicates	p. 136
Occurrences	p. 137
Sedimentary rocks	p. 137
Metamorphic rocks	p. 138
Igneous rocks	p. 141
Hydrothermal veins	p. 143
Alteration minerals	p. 143
Accessory minerals	p. 144
Spinel group	p. 144
Chemical composition	p. 144
Occurrences	p. 146
Boron minerals	p. 147
Tourmaline	p. 147
Axinite	p. 148
Datolite	p. 148
Phosphates	p. 149
Apatite	p. 149
Monazite	p. 150
Xenotime	p. 150
Lithium bearing minerals	p. 150
Amblygonite	p. 150
Petalite	p. 151
Pollucite	p. 151
Titanium bearing minerals	p. 151
Rutile	p. 151
Ilmenite	p. 152
Titanite	p. 153
Perovskite	p. 153
Zircon	p. 153
Titano- and zircono-silicates and silicates of the alkaline rocks	p. 155
Oxides of niobium, tantale and zirconium of alkaline rocks	p. 157
Minerals of sedimentary rocks and alterites	p. 157
Clay minerals	p. 157
Structure and chemical composition	p. 157
Occurrences	p. 160
Evaporites minerals	p. 162
Ore minerals	p. 164
Barite	p. 164
Fluorite	p. 164
Sphalerite	p. 164
Scheelite	p. 166
Cassiterite	p. 166
Appendix - Calculation of the structural formula of a mineral	p. 169
A selection of books	p. 175
References	p. 179
Websites	p. 183
Subject index	p. 185
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