Mla Handbook for Writers of Research Papers

by Gibaldi, Joseph

• ISBN13: 9780873529860
• ISBN10: 0873529863
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-05-01
• Publisher: MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION OF AMER

Summary

The MLA Handbook is published by the Modern Language Association, the authority on MLA documentation style. Widely adopted in high schools, colleges, and publishing houses, the MLA Handbook treats every aspect of research writing, from selecting a topic to submitting the completed paper. The expanded, revised, and redesigned sixth edition of the Handbook is a complete, up-to-date guide to documentation style and online research.

Table of Contents

Foreword	p. xv
Research and Writing
The Research Paper as a Form of Exploration	p. 3
The Research Paper as a Form of Communication	p. 5
Selecting a Topic	p. 6
Freedom of Choice	p. 6
Finding an Appropriate Focus	p. 7
Summing Up	p. 7
Conducting Research	p. 8
The Modern Academic Library	p. 8
Library Research Sources	p. 9
The Central Information System	p. 10
Reference Works	p. 11
The Online Catalog of Library Holdings	p. 20
Full-Text Databases	p. 25
Other Library Resources and Services	p. 30
Internet Sources	p. 31
Summing Up	p. 36
Compiling a Working Bibliography	p. 37
Keeping Track of Sources	p. 37
Creating a Computer File for the Working Bibliography	p. 37
Recording Essential Publication Information	p. 38
Noting Other Useful Information	p. 40
Verifying Publication Information	p. 40
Converting the Working Bibliography to the Works-Cited List	p. 40
Summing Up	p. 41
Evaluating Sources	p. 41
Authority	p. 41
Accuracy and Verifiability	p. 44
Currency	p. 45
Summing Up	p. 45
Taking Notes	p. 46
Methods of Note-Taking	p. 46
Types of Note-Taking	p. 46
Recording Page Numbers	p. 47
Using a Computer for Note-Taking	p. 47
Amount and Accuracy of Note-Taking	p. 47
Summing Up	p. 48
Outlining	p. 48
Working Outline	p. 48
Thesis Statement	p. 49
Final Outline	p. 51
Summing Up	p. 56
Writing Drafts	p. 57
The First Draft	p. 57
Subsequent Drafts	p. 57
Writing with a Word Processor	p. 58
The Final Draft and the Research Project Portfolio	p. 59
Summing Up	p. 59
Language and Style	p. 60
Guides to Writing	p. 61
Plagiarism
Definition of Plagiarism	p. 66
Consequences of Plagiarism	p. 66
Information Sharing Today	p. 68
Unintentional Plagiarism	p. 69
Forms of Plagiarism	p. 70
When Documentation Is Not Needed	p. 73
Other Issues	p. 74
Reusing a Research Paper	p. 74
Collaborative Work	p. 74
Copyright Infringement	p. 74
Summing Up	p. 75
The Mechanics of Writing
Spelling	p. 79
Consistency	p. 79
Word Division	p. 79
Plurals	p. 80
Foreign Words	p. 80
Punctuation	p. 80
The Purpose of Punctuation	p. 80
Commas	p. 81
Semicolons	p. 85
Colons	p. 86
Dashes and Parentheses	p. 87
Hyphens	p. 88
Apostrophes	p. 90
Quotation Marks	p. 91
Square Brackets	p. 92
Slashes	p. 93
Periods, Question Marks, and Exclamation Points	p. 93
Spacing after Concluding Punctuation Marks	p. 93
Italics (Underlining)	p. 94
Words and Letters Referred to as Words and Letters	p. 95
Foreign Words in an English Text	p. 95
Emphasis	p. 95
Names of Persons	p. 96
First and Subsequent Uses of Names	p. 96
Titles of Persons	p. 96
Names of Authors and Fictional Characters	p. 97
Numbers	p. 97
Arabic Numerals	p. 97
Use of Words or Numerals	p. 98
Commas in Numbers	p. 99
Percentages and Amounts of Money	p. 100
Dates and Times of the Day	p. 100
Inclusive Numbers	p. 101
Roman Numerals	p. 102
Titles of Works in the Research Paper	p. 102
Capitalization and Punctuation	p. 102
Underlined Titles	p. 104
Titles in Quotation Marks	p. 105
Titles and Quotations within Titles	p. 106
Exceptions	p. 107
Shortened Titles	p. 109
Quotations	p. 109
Use and Accuracy of Quotations	p. 109
Prose	p. 110
Poetry	p. 111
Drama	p. 113
Ellipsis	p. 114
Other Alterations of Sources	p. 118
Punctuation with Quotations	p. 119
Translations of Quotations	p. 121
Capitalization and Personal Names in Languages Other Than English	p. 122
French	p. 122
German	p. 124
Italian	p. 126
Spanish	p. 127
Latin	p. 129
The Format of the Research Paper
Printing or Typing	p. 132
Paper	p. 132
Margins	p. 132
Spacing	p. 133
Heading and Title	p. 133
Page Numbers	p. 134
Tables and Illustrations	p. 134
Corrections and Insertions	p. 137
Binding	p. 138
Electronic Submission	p. 138
Documentation: Preparing the List of Works Cited
Documenting Sources	p. 142
MLA Style	p. 142
The List of Works Cited and Other Source Lists	p. 144
Format of the List of Works Cited	p. 145
Arrangement of Entries	p. 146
Citing Books and Other Nonperiodical Publications	p. 147
The Basic Entry: A Book by a Single Author	p. 147
An Anthology or a Compilation	p. 152
Two or More Books by the Same Author	p. 153
A Book by Two or More Authors	p. 154
Two or More Books by the Same Authors	p. 156
A Book by a Corporate Author	p. 157
A Work in an Anthology	p. 158
An Article in a Reference Book	p. 160
An Introduction, a Preface, a Foreword, or an Afterword	p. 161
Cross-References	p. 162
An Anonymous Book	p. 163
An Edition	p. 163
A Translation	p. 165
A Book Published in a Second or Subsequent Edition	p. 166
A Multivolume Work	p. 167
A Book in a Series	p. 170
A Republished Book	p. 171
A Publisher's Imprint	p. 172
A Book with Multiple Publishers	p. 173
A Pamphlet	p. 174
A Government Publication	p. 174
The Published Proceedings of a Conference	p. 176
A Book in a Language Other Than English	p. 177
A Book Published before 1900	p. 177
A Book without Stated Publication Information or Pagination	p. 178
An Unpublished Dissertation	p. 179
A Published Dissertation	p. 179
Citing Articles and Other Publications in Periodicals	p. 180
The Basic Entry: An Article in a Scholarly Journal with Continuous Pagination	p. 180
An Article in a Scholarly Journal That Pages Each Issue Separately	p. 184
An Article in a Scholarly Journal That Uses Only Issue Numbers	p. 184
An Article in a Scholarly Journal with More Than One Series	p. 185
An Article in a Newspaper	p. 185
An Article in a Magazine	p. 187
A Review	p. 188
An Abstract in an Abstracts Journal	p. 189
An Anonymous Article	p. 190
An Editorial	p. 190
A Letter to the Editor	p. 191
A Serialized Article	p. 191
A Special Issue	p. 192
An Article in a Microform Collection of Articles	p. 193
An Article Reprinted in a Loose-Leaf Collection of Articles	p. 193
Citing Miscellaneous Print and Nonprint Sources	p. 194
A Television or Radio Program	p. 194
A Sound Recording	p. 196
A Film or Video Recording	p. 198
A Performance	p. 199
A Musical Composition	p. 200
A Painting, Sculpture, or Photograph	p. 201
An Interview	p. 202
A Map or Chart	p. 203
A Cartoon or Comic Strip	p. 203
An Advertisement	p. 204
A Lecture, a Speech, an Address, or a Reading	p. 204
A Manuscript or Typescript	p. 205
A Letter or Memo	p. 205
A Legal Source	p. 206
Citing Electronic Publications	p. 207
The Basic Entry: A Document from an Internet Site	p. 207
An Entire Internet Site	p. 216
An Online Book	p. 218
An Article in an Online Periodical	p. 221
A Publication on CD-ROM, Diskette, or Magnetic Tape	p. 224
A Work in More Than One Publication Medium	p. 228
A Work from a Library or Personal Subscription Service	p. 229
A Work in an Indeterminate Medium	p. 230
Other Electronic Sources	p. 231
Documentation: Citing Sources in the Text
Parenthetical Documentation and the List of Works Cited	p. 238
Information Required in Parenthetical Documentation	p. 238
Readability	p. 239
Sample References	p. 242
Citing an Entire Work, Including a Work with No Page Numbers	p. 242
Citing Part of a Work	p. 244
Citing Volume and Page Numbers of a Multivolume Work	p. 247
Citing a Work Listed by Title	p. 247
Citing a Work by a Corporate Author	p. 250
Citing Two or More Works by the Same Author or Authors	p. 251
Citing Indirect Sources	p. 252
Citing Literary and Religious Works	p. 253
Citing More Than One Work in a Single Parenthetical Reference	p. 256
Using Notes with Parenthetical Documentation	p. 258
Content Notes	p. 258
Bibliographic Notes	p. 259
Abbreviations
Introduction	p. 262
Time Designations	p. 263
Geographic Names	p. 264
Common Scholarly Abbreviations	p. 265
Publishers' Names	p. 272
Symbols and Abbreviations Used in Proofreading and Correction	p. 274
Selected Proofreading Symbols	p. 274
Common Correction Symbols and Abbreviations	p. 275
Titles of Literary and Religious Works	p. 275
Bible	p. 276
Shakespeare	p. 278
Chaucer	p. 279
Other Literary Works	p. 280
Selected Reference Works by Field
Anthropology	p. 284
Art and Architecture	p. 284
Biology	p. 285
Business	p. 285
Chemistry	p. 286
Computer Science	p. 286
Education	p. 287
Environmental Sciences	p. 287
Geography	p. 288
Geology	p. 288
History	p. 289
Language and Literature	p. 289
Law	p. 291
Mathematics	p. 291
Medicine	p. 291
Music	p. 292
Philosophy	p. 292
Physics	p. 293
Psychology	p. 293
Religion	p. 294
Science and Technology	p. 294
Sociology	p. 295
Other Systems of Documentation
Endnotes and Footnotes	p. 298
Documentation Notes versus the List of Works Cited and Parenthetical References	p. 298
Note Numbers	p. 298
Note Form versus Bibliographic Form	p. 299
Endnotes versus Footnotes	p. 299
Sample First Note References: Books and Other Nonperiodical Publications	p. 300
Sample First Note References: Articles and Other Publications in Periodicals	p. 303
Sample First Note References: Miscellaneous Print and Nonprint Sources	p. 306
Sample First Note References: Electronic Publications	p. 309
Subsequent References	p. 312
Author-Date System	p. 313
Number System	p. 315
Specialized Style Manuals	p. 316
Sample Pages of a Research Paper in MLA Style	p. 319
Index	p. 323
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