Muscles: Testing and Function, with Posture and Pain; Includes a Bonus Primal Anatomy CD-ROM

by Kendall, Florence P; McCreary, Elizabeth Kendall; Provance, Patricia G; Rodgers, Mary; Romani, William

• ISBN13: 9780781747806
• ISBN10: 0781747805
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback w/CD-ROM
• Copyright: 2005-03-04
• Publisher: LWW

Summary

This renowned classic provides unparalleled coverage of manual muscle testing, plus evaluation and treatment of faulty and painful postural conditions. The thoroughly updated Fifth Edition is completely reorganized and has new, expanded treatment and exercise sections in each chapter. Other features include a new section on post-polio syndrome, additional case studies comparing Guillain-Barré to polio muscle tests, a new full-color design, and a first-of-its-kind chart of upper extremity articulations. A bonus Primal Anatomy CD-ROM contains a three-dimensional interactive model of the human body. Students can rotate the model and add or subtract layers of anatomy to strengthen their knowledge.

Table of Contents

Foreword	vii
Preface	ix
Acknowledgments	xi
Fundamental Concepts	1	(48)
Introduction	3	(46)
Manual Muscle Testing	4	(2)
Objectivity in Muscle Testing	6	(3)
Musculoskeletal System	9	(1)
Joints: Definitions & Classification, Chart	10	(1)
Gross Structure of Muscle	11	(1)
Range of Motion and Muscle Length	12	(1)
Classification for Strength Tests	13	(1)
Strength Testing Procedures	14	(4)
Suggested Order of Muscle Tests	18	(1)
Grading Strength	19	(6)
Key to Muscle Grading
Nerve Plexus	25	(1)
Spinal Nerve and Muscle Charts	26	(4)
Treatment Fundamentals	30	(2)
Neuromuscular Problems	32	(2)
Musculoskeletal Problems	34	(2)
Treatment Procedures	36	(1)
Treatment Modalities	37	(1)
Polio: Factors Influencing Treatment	38	(1)
Polio and Postpolio Muscle Tests	39	(5)
Complications of Polio	44	(1)
Post-Suggested Readings	45	(1)
References	46	(3)
Posture	49	(70)
Introduction	51	(1)
Fundamentals of Posture
Posture and Pain	52	(1)
Body Segments	53	(1)
Anatomical and Zero Positions, and Axes	54	(1)
Basic Planes and Center of Gravity	55	(1)
Movements in the Coronal Plane	56	(1)
Movements in the Sagittal Plane	57	(1)
Movements in the Transverse Plane	58	(1)
The Standard Posture	59	(5)
Postural Alignment
Types of Postural Alignment	64	(1)
Segmental Alignment: Side View	65	(5)
Abdominal Muscles in Relation to Posture	70	(2)
Sway-Back Posture	72	(1)
Ideal Alignment: Posterior View	73	(1)
Faulty Alignment: Posterior View	74	(2)
Handedness: Effect on Posture	76	(1)
Faulty Posture: Side and Back Views	77	(1)
Shoulders and Scapulae	78	(2)
Posture of Feet, Knees and Legs	80	(4)
Radiograph of Legs	84	(1)
Sitting Posture	85	(1)
Postural Examinations
Procedure for Postural Examination	86	(3)
Postural Examination Chart	89	(1)
Good and Faulty Posture: Summary Chart	90	(2)
Faulty Posture: Analysis and Treatment, Charts	92	(2)
Faulty Leg, Knee, and Foot Positions, Chart	94	(1)
Acquired Postural Weakness	95	(1)
Posture of Children
Factors Influencing Children's Posture	96	(2)
Good and Faulty Posture of Children	98	(3)
Normal Flexibility According to Age Level	101	(1)
Flexibility Tests: Charts	102	(2)
Problems with ``Physical Fitness Tests''	104	(3)
Scoliosis
Introduction	107	(1)
Scoliosis from Neuromuscular Disease	108	(1)
Postural Examination, and Chart	109	(3)
Functional Scoliosis	112	(1)
Exercises and Supports	113	(2)
Early Intervention	115	(1)
Corrective Exercises	116	(1)
References	117	(2)
Head and Face	119	(22)
Introduction	121	(1)
Innervation
Cranial Nerves and Deep Facial Muscles	122	(1)
Cervical Nerves and Superficial Facial and Neck Muscles	123	(1)
Temporomandibular Joint Movement	124	(1)
Cranial Nerve and Muscle Chart	124	(2)
Facial and Eye Muscles
Facial and Eye Muscles, Charts	126	(2)
Facial and Eye Muscles Tests	128	(6)
Muscles of Deglutition
Case #1	134	(2)
Case #1	136	(2)
Charts	138	(2)
References	140	(1)
Neck	141	(24)
Introduction	143	(1)
Innervation and Movements	144	(4)
Spinal Cord and Nerve Roots	144	(1)
Spinal Nerve and Muscle Chart	144	(1)
Cervical Plexus	145	(1)
Joint Movements of the Cervical Spine	146	(1)
Neck Range of Motion	147	(1)
Neck Muscles	148	(6)
Anterior and Lateral Neck Muscles, Charts	148	(2)
Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid Muscles	150	(2)
Cervical Spine Extension and Flexion	152	(1)
Faulty Head and Neck Positions	153	(1)
Neck Muscle Tests	154	(5)
Anterior Neck Flexors	154	(1)
Error in Testing Neck Flexors	155	(1)
Anterolateral Neck Flexors	156	(1)
Posterolateral Neck Flexors	157	(1)
Upper Trapezius	158	(1)
Painful Conditions	159	(3)
Tight Posterior Neck Muscles	159	(1)
Upper Trapezius Strain	160	(1)
Cervical Nerve Root Pressure	160	(1)
Computer Ergonomics	161	(1)
Treatment	162	(2)
Massage of Neck Muscles	162	(1)
Exercises to Stretch Neck Muscles	163	(1)
References	164	(1)
Trunk and Respiratory Muscles	165	(80)
Introduction	167	(1)
Trunk	168	(19)
Innvervation, chart	168	(1)
Joints of Vertebral Column	168	(1)
Trunk Range of Motion	169	(1)
Movements of Vertebral Column	169	(3)
Movements of Spine and Pelvis	172	(2)
Tests for Length of Posterior Muscles	174	(1)
Variation in Length of Posterior Muscles	175	(1)
Trunk Muscles	176	(1)
Neck and Back Extensors, Illustration	177	(1)
Neck and Back Extensors, Charts	178	(2)
Back and Hip Extensors	180	(1)
Back Extensors: Testing and Grading	181	(1)
Strong Back Extensors, Misdiagnosed	182	(1)
Quadratus Lumborum	183	(1)
Lateral Trunk Flexors and Hip Abductors	184	(1)
Lateral Trunk Flexors: Testing and Grading	185	(1)
Oblique Trunk Flexors: Testing and Grading	186	(1)
Abdominal Muscles	187	(32)
Analysis of Curled-Trunk Sit-Ups	187	(1)
Movements during Curled-Trunk Sit-Ups	188	(2)
Muscles during Curled-Trunk Sit-Ups	190	(3)
Trunk Movement	193	(1)
Rectus Abdominis, Illustration	194	(1)
External Oblique, Illustration	195	(1)
Internal Oblique, Illustration	196	(1)
Tranversus Abdominis, Illustration	197	(1)
Obliques: Weakness and Shortness	198	(1)
Divisions of Abdominal Muscles, Chart	199	(1)
Differentiating Upper and Lower Abdominals	200	(2)
Upper Abdominal Muscles: Testing and Grading	202	(2)
Abdominal Muscle Weakness: Trunk Raising	204	(1)
Abdominal and Hip Flexor Imbalance	205	(1)
Sit-Up Exercises	206	(3)
Therapeutic Exercises: Trunk Curl	209	(1)
Abdominal Muscles During Leg Lowering	210	(2)
Lower Abdominals: Testing & Grading	212	(2)
Abdominal Muscle Weakness: Leg Lowering	214	(1)
Therapeutic Exercises: Posterior Pelvic Tilt	215	(1)
Therapeutic Exercise: Trunk Rotation	216	(1)
Marked Abdominal Muscle Weakness	217	(2)
Painful Conditions of Low Back	219	(14)
Low Back Enigma	219	(1)
Low Back Pain	219	(4)
Anterior Pelvic Tilt	223	(3)
Back Supports	226	(1)
Hip Extensor Weakness	227	(1)
Posterior Pelvic Tilt	228	(1)
Lateral Pelvic Tilt	229	(1)
Lifting	230	(2)
Treatment for Back Weakness	232	(1)
Muscles of Respiration	233	(9)
Introduction	233	(1)
Therapeutic Objectives	234	(1)
Primary Muscles of Respiration	235	(2)
Accessory Muscles of Respiration	237	(2)
Respiratory Muscle Chart	239	(1)
Muscles of Respiration	240	(2)
Corrective Exercises	242	(2)
References	244	(1)
Upper Extremity and Shoulder Girdle	245	(114)
Introduction	247	(1)
Innervation
Brachial Plexus	248	(2)
Cutaneous Distribution Nerves	250	(1)
Spinal Nerve and Motor Point Chart	251	(1)
Nerves to Muscles: Motor and Sensory and Motor Only and Chart	252	(1)
Scapular Muscle Chart	253	(1)
Chart of Upper Extremity Muscles	254	(2)
Cutaneous Nerves---Upper Limb	256	(2)
Hand, Wrist, Forearm and Elbow
Movements---Thumb and Finger Joints	258	(1)
Movements---Wrist, Radioulnar and Elbow	259	(1)
Chart for Analysis of Muscle Imbalance	260	(1)
Strength Tests: Thumb Muscles	261	(8)
Strength Tests: Digiti Minimi	269	(3)
Dorsal and Palmar Interossei	272	(2)
Lumbricales and Interossei	274	(3)
Palmaris Longus and Brevis	277	(1)
Extensor Indicis and Digiti Minimi	278	(1)
Extensor Digitorum	279	(1)
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis and Profundus	280	(2)
Flexor Carpi Radialis and Ulnaris	282	(2)
Extensor Carpi Radialis and Ulnaris	284	(2)
Pronator Teres and Quadratus	286	(2)
Supinator and Biceps	288	(2)
Biceps Brachii and Brachialis	290	(2)
Triceps Brachii and Anconeus	292	(2)
Brachioradialis	294	(1)
Range of Motion Chart	295	(1)
Strength Testing of Thumb and Fingers	295	(1)
Joint Measurement Chart	296	(1)
Shoulder
Joints and Articulations	297	(3)
Charts: Shoulder Girdle Articulations	300	(2)
Combined Shoulder & Scapular Muscles	302	(1)
Movements of Shoulder Girdle & Scapula	303	(1)
Movements of Shoulder Joint	304	(2)
Length of Humeral and Scapular Muscles	306	(1)
Test for Length of Pectoralis Minor	307	(1)
Test for Tightness of Muscles that Depress the Coracoid Process Anteriorly	307	(1)
Tests for Length of Pectoralis Major	308	(1)
Tests for Length of Teres Major, Latissimus Dorsi and Rhomboids	309	(1)
Tests for Length of Shoulder Rotators	310	(2)
Upper Extremity Muscle Chart	312	(1)
Strength Testing---Shoulder
Coracobrachialis	313	(1)
Supraspinatus	314	(1)
Deltoid	315	(3)
Pectoralis Major, Upper and Lower	318	(2)
Pectoralis Minor	320	(1)
Shoulder Lateral Rotators	321	(1)
Shoulder Medial Rotators	322	(1)
Teres Major & Subscapularis	323	(1)
Latissimus Dorsi	324	(2)
Rhomboids, Levator Scapulae and Trapezius	326	(6)
Serratus Anterior	332	(6)
Painful Conditions of Upper Back
Weakness of Upper Back	338	(1)
Short Rhomboids	338	(1)
Middle & Lower Trapezius Strain	339	(1)
Back Pain from Osteoporosis	340	(1)
Painful Conditions of the Arm
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome	341	(1)
Coracoid Pressure Syndrome	342	(2)
Teres Syndrome (Quadrilateral Space Syndrome)	344	(1)
Pain from Shoulder Subluxation	345	(1)
Tight Shoulder External Rotators	345	(1)
Cervical Rib	345	(2)
Case Studies
Case 1: Radial Nerve Lesion	347	(1)
Case 2: Radial, Median, & Ulnar Nerve	348	(2)
Case 3: Probable C5 Lesion	350	(1)
Case 4: Lateral and Medial Cord	351	(1)
Case 5: Spinal Nerve and Muscle Chart	352	(3)
Case 6: Stretch Weakness Superimposed on a Peripheral Nerve Injury	355	(1)
Overuse Injuries	356	(1)
Exercises	357	(1)
References	358	(1)
Lower Extremity	359	(106)
Introduction	361	(1)
Innervation
Lumbar Plexus, Sacral Plexus	362	(2)
Spinal Nerve and Muscle Chart	364	(1)
Spinal Nerve and Motor Point Chart	365	(1)
Chart of Lower Extremity Muscles	366	(2)
Nerves to Muscles: Motor & Sensory	368	(1)
Cutaneous Nerves of the Lower Limb	369	(1)
Joint Movement
Movements of Toes, Foot, Ankle and Knee	370	(2)
Movements of Hip Joint	372	(2)
Joint Measurement Chart	374	(1)
Treatment of Muscle Length Problems	375	(1)
Test for Length of Ankle Plantar Flexors	375	(1)
Test for Length of Hip Flexor Muscles	376	(5)
Hip Flexor Stretching	381	(1)
Problems with Hamstring Length Testing	382	(1)
Tests for Length of Hamstring Muscles	383	(2)
Short Hamstrings	385	(2)
Effect of Hip Flexor Shortness	387	(1)
Errors in Testing Hamstring Length	388	(2)
Hamstring Stretching	390	(1)
Ober and Modified Ober Test	391	(4)
Hip Flexor Length Testing	395	(3)
Tensor Fasciae Latae Stretching	398	(1)
Muscle Strength Tests
Chart for Analysis of Muscle Imbalance	399	(1)
Strength Test: Toe Muscles	400	(10)
Tibialis Anterior	410	(1)
Tibialis Posterior	411	(1)
Peroneus Longus and Brevis	412	(1)
Ankle Plantar Flexors	413	(3)
Popliteus	416	(1)
Hamstrings and Gracilis	417	(3)
Quadriceps Femoris	420	(2)
Hip Flexors	422	(2)
Sartorius	424	(1)
Tensor Fasciae Latae	425	(1)
Hip Adductors	426	(3)
Medial Rotators of Hip Joint	429	(1)
Lateral Rotators of Hip Joint	430	(2)
Gluteus Minimus	432	(1)
Gluteus Medius	433	(1)
Gluteus Medius Weakness	434	(1)
Trendelenberg Sign & Hip Abductor Weakness	435	(1)
Gluteus Maximus	436	(2)
Leg Length Measurement	438	(1)
Apparent Leg Length Discrepancy	439	(1)
Painful Conditions
Foot Problems	440	(4)
Shoes and Shoe Corrections	444	(3)
Knee Problems	447	(2)
Leg Pain	449	(1)
Tight Tensor Fasciae Latae and ITB	449	(1)
Stretched Tensor and ITB	450	(2)
Protruded Intervertebral Disk	452	(1)
Piriformis Muscle and Sciatic Pain	453	(1)
Neuromuscular Problems	454	(1)
Case 1: Peroneal Nerve Injury	455	(1)
Case 2: Lumbosacral Nerves	456	(2)
Case 3: L5 Lesion	458	(1)
Case 4: Guillain-Barre	459	(1)
Case 5: Guillain-Barre	460	(1)
Case 6: Polio	461	(1)
Exercise Sheets	462	(2)
References	464	(1)
Appendix A: Spinal Segment Distribution to Nerves and Muscles	465	(3)
Charts	468	(5)
Appendix B: Isolated Paralysis of the Serratus Anterior Muscle	473
Glossary	1	(1)
Suggested Readings	1	(1)
Index	1