Music in Childhood From Preschool through the Elementary Grades (with CD)

by Campbell, Patricia Shehan; Scott-Kassner, Carol

• ISBN13: 9780534585549
• ISBN10: 053458554X
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Spiral Bound
• Copyright: 2001-11-06
• Publisher: Schirmer

Summary

As inspirational as it is informative, this text combines the best research and practical knowledge to give teachers the necessary tools to educate tomorrow's musicians. This comprehensive text presents contemporary theories and practices of music education, including strategies for developing pitch, vocal, rhythmic, instrumental, listening, movement and creative responses in children. This book also includes chapters on technology, multiculturalism, motivation and management, special learners, assessment, and curriculum integration and development.

Table of Contents

Preface to the Second Edition	x
The Multiple Meanings of Music for Children	1	(14)
Music's Many Functions	2	(2)
Music at the Curricular Core	4	(2)
Children's Musical Capacities	6	(2)
Music's Historical Role in the Curriculum	8	(3)
Music for Children in a Changing Society	11	(1)
A Musical Future	12	(3)
Review	13	(1)
Critical Thinking	13	(1)
Projects	13	(1)
References	13	(2)
From Theory to Practice in Teaching Music to Children	15	(30)
Stage and Phase Theories	18	(3)
Theories of Musical Play and Socialization	21	(1)
A Constructivist Theory of Meaning Making	22	(2)
Social Learning and Reinforcement Theories	24	(3)
Learning Style Theories	27	(5)
Theories of Instruction	32	(3)
Relating Theory to Practice	35	(1)
The Classroom Environment	35	(2)
What Should the Music Classroom Look Like?	35	(1)
What Should the Music Classroom Feel Like?	36	(1)
What Other Resources Can Enhance a Music Classroom's Potential for Effective Instruction?	36	(1)
What Print, Audio, and Video Materials Should a Teacher Have Available for Music Instruction?	36	(1)
A Child-Centered Curriculum	37	(1)
Know the Children	37	(1)
Begin Where the Children Are	37	(1)
Allow Time for Musical Play and Exploration	38	(1)
Integrate Music into the Other Parts of a Child's Life	38	(1)
The Teacher as Transmitter	38	(2)
Know the Subject Matter	38	(1)
Model the Musical Behaviors	39	(1)
Present with Energy and Enthusiasm	39	(1)
Instructional Strategies	40	(2)
Starting the Class	40	(1)
Ending the Class	40	(1)
Supplying Feedback: The TST	41	(1)
Stimulating Aural Learning	41	(1)
Providing for Repetition and Rehearsal	42	(1)
Informed Teaching	42	(3)
Review	42	(1)
Critical Thinking	42	(1)
Projects	43	(1)
References	43	(2)
Motivation and Management	45	(26)
Motivation	46	(7)
What Is Motivation and Where Does It Come From?	46	(4)
Guidelines for Motivating Students	50	(1)
Some Sample Motivational Ideas and Techniques	51	(2)
Foundations of Managing Student Behaviors	53	(14)
Understanding the Role of Personal Traits and the Educational Environment	53	(1)
Establishing Expectations and Procedures	54	(3)
Learning and Remembering Students' Names	57	(1)
Organizing the Classroom and Record Keeping	57	(2)
Organizing Classes into Cooperative Learning Groups	59	(1)
Strategies for Confronting Inappropriate Behavior	60	(1)
Logical Consequences	61	(1)
Transactional Analysis	62	(1)
Behavior Expectation Forms and Learning Contracts	63	(2)
The Intervention Thermometer	65	(2)
Scenario	67	(4)
Questions	68	(1)
Review	68	(1)
Critical Thinking	68	(1)
Projects	68	(1)
References	69	(1)
For Further Reading	69	(2)
Methods of Teaching Music to Children	71	(24)
Dalcroze	72	(4)
Kodaly	76	(2)
Orff	78	(3)
Other Approaches	81	(7)
Comprehensive Musicianship	81	(2)
Gordon	83	(2)
Manhattanville Music Curriculum Project	85	(1)
Music in Education	86	(1)
Education through Music	87	(1)
Weikert	88	(1)
A Comparison of Methods and Techniques	88	(1)
A Personal Method	89	(6)
Review	92	(1)
Critical Thinking	92	(1)
Projects	92	(1)
References	92	(1)
Organizations	93	(2)
Rhythm and the Child	95	(34)
Rhythm and Child Development	96	(2)
Rhythm in Speech	98	(5)
Rhythm in Movement	103	(1)
The Pulse	104	(1)
Meter	105	(2)
Durations and Their Patterns	107	(9)
Mnemonics	116	(3)
Notation	119	(3)
Syncopations	122	(1)
Polyrhythms	122	(1)
From Natural Rhythms to Rhythmic Training	123	(6)
Review	127	(1)
Critical Thinking	127	(1)
Projects	127	(1)
References	128	(1)
Pitch and the Child	129	(18)
Growth in Understanding of Linear Pitch Structures	130	(1)
Discrimination and Contour Awareness	131	(5)
Pitch Relations and Melodic Motion	136	(2)
Advanced Pitch Concepts	138	(3)
Growth in Understanding of Vertical Pitch Structures	141	(1)
Helping Children to Think Musically	142	(5)
Review	144	(1)
Critical Thinking	144	(1)
Projects	144	(1)
References	144	(3)
The Singing Child	147	(34)
The Developing Child Voice	148	(4)
Physical Training for the Child Voice	152	(3)
Toward Accurate Singing	155	(7)
The Vocal Model	162	(2)
Selecting and Teaching Songs	164	(4)
How to Teach Singing in Parts	168	(6)
Children's Choirs	174	(1)
Assessment of Singing	175	(1)
Reasons to Sing	176	(1)
Scenario	177	(4)
Questions	178	(1)
Review	178	(1)
Critical Thinking	178	(1)
Projects	178	(1)
References	178	(3)
The Listening Child	181	(26)
The Development of Perceptive Listening	182	(1)
The Development of Attitudes toward Music	183	(1)
Building Skills of Aural Perception	184	(8)
Student Construction of Listening Experiences	192	(2)
Building and Aural Repertoire	194	(1)
Listening Sequence	195	(6)
Prepare	195	(1)
Listen	195	(1)
Activate and Participate	196	(1)
Question and Discuss	196	(1)
Listen Again	196	(1)
Extend the Listening	196	(5)
Assessment of Listening	201	(1)
Keys to Listening	202	(1)
Scenario	203	(4)
Questions	203	(1)
Review	204	(1)
Critical Thinking	204	(1)
Projects	204	(1)
References	204	(1)
Catalogs and Resources	205	(2)
The Moving Child	207	(34)
Movement and Child Development	209	(4)
Action Songs and Singing Games	211	(1)
Eurhythmics	212	(1)
Creative Movement	212	(1)
Dance	212	(1)
Precepts and Principles of Movement	213	(1)
Prelude to Movement-Based Musical Experiences	213	(5)
Action Songs and Singing Games	215	(3)
Dalcroze Eurhythmics	218	(7)
Creative Movement	225	(4)
Dance	229	(7)
Assessment of Moving	236	(1)
Movement for Musical Development	237	(1)
Scenario	237	(4)
Questions	239	(1)
Review	239	(1)
Critical Thinking	239	(1)
Projects	239	(1)
References	240	(1)
The Playing Child	241	(30)
Developmental Sequence	242	(3)
The Body as a Percussion Instrument	245	(1)
Nonpitched Percussion Instruments	246	(8)
Gourds	249	(1)
Woods	249	(1)
Skins (Drums)	250	(1)
Metals	251	(3)
Pitched Instruments	254	(6)
Barred Instruments	254	(4)
The Recorder	258	(2)
Harmony Instruments	260	(6)
The Autoharp	261	(1)
The Guitar	262	(2)
Keyboards	264	(2)
Assessment of Playing Instruments	266	(1)
The Benefits of Instrumental Study	267	(1)
Scenario	268	(3)
Questions	269	(1)
Review	269	(1)
Projects	270	(1)
References	270	(1)
Sources of Classroom Instruments	270	(1)
The Creating Child	271	(22)
Developmental Sequence	272	(1)
Creative Thinking	273	(1)
Exploration and Discovery	274	(1)
Improvisation	274	(3)
Composition	277	(9)
Aural Plans	279	(1)
Notational Systems	280	(3)
Inventing Songs	283	(1)
Day 1	284	(1)
Day 2	284	(1)
Day 3	285	(1)
Individualized Plan	286	(1)
Assessment	286	(2)
The Rewards of Nurturing Creativity in Music	288	(1)
Scenario	289	(4)
Questions	289	(1)
Review	290	(1)
Projects	290	(1)
Critical Thinking	290	(1)
References	290	(3)
Curriculum Design	293	(23)
The Nature of Curriculum	294	(1)
Types and Sources of Curriculum	295	(1)
Planning a Curriculum	296	(4)
Implementing a Curriculum	300	(13)
Lesson Planning	300	(4)
The Quadrant Approach to Lesson Planning	304	(5)
Unit Planning	309	(2)
Other Sources of Curriculum	311	(2)
Distilling the Essence of Curriculum	313	(3)
Review	314	(1)
Projects	314	(1)
Critical Thinking	314	(1)
References	314	(2)
Assessment and Evaluation	316	(21)
Evaluation	318	(1)
Testing and Measurement	319	(1)
Assessment	320	(10)
Teacher Assessment of Children	321	(4)
Rubrics	325	(2)
Student Self-Assessment	327	(1)
Peer Assessment	328	(1)
Teacher Self-Assessment	329	(1)
Tracking Student Growth	330	(2)
Portfolios	331	(1)
Reporting to Parents	332	(2)
Distilling the Essence of Assessment and Evaluation	334	(3)
Review	334	(1)
Projects	334	(1)
Critical Thinking	334	(1)
References	335	(2)
Technology for Music Instruction	337	(18)
Technology Available for Teaching Music	339	(8)
Evaluating Music Software	342	(1)
Using Technology to Teach Music	343	(1)
Decide Who Will Use the Technology	344	(2)
Sequence Learning in Small Steps	346	(1)
Do Not Isolate Children	346	(1)
Consider Incorporating Mastery Learning	346	(1)
Funding Technology-Assisted Instruction in Music	347	(1)
The Likely Future of Technology for Music Teaching	347	(5)
Scenario	352	(3)
Questions	352	(1)
Review	352	(1)
Projects	353	(1)
Critical Thinking	353	(1)
References	353	(2)
Music, Multiculturalism, and Children	355	(22)
Definitions	356	(3)
Uncertainties in Teaching New Musical Styles	359	(1)
The Musically Competent Teacher	360	(2)
New Repertoire for Familiar Pedagogies	362	(1)
The Aural-Oral Transmission Process	363	(2)
Curricular Design	365	(7)
Many Musical Worlds	372	(1)
Scenario	373	(4)
Questions	374	(1)
Review	375	(1)
Projects	375	(1)
Critical Thinking	375	(1)
References	375	(2)
Music for Exceptional Children	377	(24)
Who Are Exceptional Children?	379	(1)
Educating Exceptional Children	380	(1)
Mainstreaming and the Music Classroom	381	(2)
Inclusion in Music	383	(2)
The Music Classroom and Exceptional Children	385	(1)
Mentally Retarded	386	(2)
Mild Retardation	386	(1)
Moderate Retardation	386	(1)
Severe Retardation and Profound Retardation	386	(2)
Learning Disabled	388	(2)
Behavior Disordered	390	(2)
Sensory Handicaps	392	(2)
Hearing Impaired	392	(2)
Visually Impaired	394	(1)
Physical Handicaps	394	(2)
Adapting for Movement	395	(1)
Adapting Instruments and Materials	396	(1)
Gifted and Talented	396	(2)
The Joys of Reaching All Children	398	(1)
Scenario	398	(3)
Questions	399	(1)
Review	399	(1)
Projects	399	(1)
Critical Thinking	399	(1)
References	400	(1)
Music in an Integrated Curriculum	401	(26)
Challenges of Integrating the Curriculum	403	(1)
Integrating Other Arts into the Music Curriculum	404	(1)
Interdisciplinary Curriculum in the Arts	404	(1)
Shared Curriculum in the Arts	405	(9)
Creative Movement and Dance	405	(2)
Visual Arts	407	(3)
Literature and Poetry	410	(1)
Creative Drama and Theater	411	(1)
Integrating Music and the Arts throughout the Curriculum	412	(2)
Models of Integration	414	(3)
The Thematic Web Design	414	(1)
The Threaded Curriculum	414	(2)
The Immersed Curriculum	416	(1)
Creating Valid Connections	417	(1)
Integrating the Arts Process	418	(1)
The Arts in Social Studies	418	(2)
The Arts in Science and Math	420	(2)
The Arts and Language Arts	422	(1)
Reflections on the Integrated Curriculum	423	(4)
Review	424	(1)
Projects	424	(1)
Critical Thinking	424	(1)
References	425	(2)
Index	427