To The Student
Rhetoric
Chapter 1 Writing: A First Look
The Purposes of Writing
The Audience for Your Writing
The Qualities of Good Writing
Writing and Ethics 1
Chapter 2 Strategies for Successful Reading
Orienting Your Reading
A First Reading
Additional Readings
Mastering Reading Problems
Reading to Critique
Reading Assignments Carefully
Reading as a Writer
“The Appeal of the Androgynous Man” by Amy Gross
Writing About What You Read
Chapter 3 Planning and Drafting Your Paper
Understanding the Assignment
Zeroing In on a Topic
Gathering Information
Organizing the Information
Creating an Outline
Developing a Thesis Statement
Writing the First Draft
Planning and Drafting with a Computer
Chapter 4 Revising and Editing Your Paper
Preparing to Revise
Considering the Whole Essay
Strengthening Paragraph Structure and Development
Sharpening Sentences and Words
Writing the Introduction and Conclusion
Selecting a Title
Peer Evaluation of Drafts
Proofreading Your Draft
Revising with a computer
Collaborative Writing
Maintaining and Reviewing a Portfolio
Chapter 5 Paragraphs
Characteristics of Effective Paragraphs
Paragraphs with Special Functions
Chapter6 Effective Sentences
Sentence Strategies
Chapter 7 Diction, Tone, Style
Toward Clear Diction
Toward Rhetorical Effect
Special Stylistic Techniques
Eliminating Flawed Diction
Chapter 8 Narration: Relating Events
Purpose
Action
Conflict
Point of View
Key Events
Dialogue
Ethical Issues
Writing a Narrative
*SAMPLE STUDENT ESSAY OF NARRATION: “Joy through the Tears” by Brittany Coggin
Critical Edge
Chapter 9 Description: Presenting Impressions
Purpose
Sensory Impressions
Dominant Impression
Vantage Point
Selection of Details
Arrangement of Details
Ethical Issues
Writing a Description
*SAMPLE STUDENT ESSAY OF DESCRIPTION: “My Serenity” by Rachel Harvey
Critical Edge
Chapter 10 Process Analysis: Explaining How
Kinds of Process Analysis Papers
Ethical Issues
Writing a Process Analysis
*SAMPLE STUDENT ESSAY OF PROCESS ANALYSIS: “Basic Song Writing Technique” by Hannah Hill
Critical Edge
Chapter 11 Illustration: Making Yourself Clear
Selecting Appropriate Examples
Number of Examples
Organizing the Examples
Ethical Issues
Writing an Illustration
SAMPLE STUDENT ESSAY OF ILLUSTRATION: “If It Is Worth Doing” by Janice Carlton
Critical Edge
Chapter 12 Classification: Grouping into Categories
Selecting Categories
Number of Categories
Developing Categories
Ethical Issues
Writing a Classification
SAMPLE STUDENT ESSAY OF CLASSIFICATION: “Types of Video Games for Children” by Kyra Glass
Critical Edge
Chapter 13 Comparison: Showing Relationships
Selecting Items for Comparison
Developing a Comparison
Organizing a Comparison
Using Analogy
Ethical Issues
Writing a Comparison
*SAMPLE STUDENT ESSAY OF COMPARISON: “Differences between Korean and English” by Sunho Lee
Critical Edge
Chapter 14 Cause and Effect: Explaining Why
Patterns in Causal Analysis
Reasoning Errors in Causal Analysis
Ethical Issues
Writing a Causal Analysis
SAMPLE STUDENT ESSAY OF CAUSE AND EFFECT: “Why Students Drop Out of College” by Diann Fisher
Critical Edge
Chapter 15 Definition: Establishing Boundaries
Types of Definitions
Ethical Issues
Writing an Extended Definition
SAMPLE STUDENT ESSAY OF DEFINITION: “Rediscovering Patriotism” by Peter Wing
Critical Edge
Chapter 16 Argument: Convincing Others
The Rational Appeal
Reasoning Strategies
The Emotional Appeal
The Ethical Appeal
Ferreting Out Fallacies
Ethical Issues
Writing an Argument
*SAMPLE STUDENT ESSAY OF ARGUMENT: “Bottled Troubled Water” by Scott Lemanski
Critical Edge
Chapter 17 Mixing the Writing Strategies
Why and How to Mix Strategies
Ethical Issues
Problem/Solution Report
Evaluation Report
*SAMPLE ESSAY USING SEVERAL WRITING STRATEGIES: “Eating Alone in Restaurants” by Bruce Jay Friedman
Critical Edge
Chapter 18 The Essay Examination
Studying for the Examination
Types of Test Questions
Preparing to Write
Writing the Examination Answer
Chapter 19 Writing About Literature
The Elements of Literature
Ethical Issues
Writing a Paper on Literature
SAMPLE STUDENT ESSAY ON LITERATURE: “Scratchy Wilson: No Cardboard Character” by Wendell Stone
Electronic Chapter:
Business Letters and Résumés
This chapter, enhanced with fourteen case-based business writing scenarios, appears after the
index in the e-Book version of MyCompLab for this text. If your book did not come packaged
with access to MyCompLab and you wish to gain access, please visit www.mycomplab.com and be
sure to specify “e-Book Version.”
Research Guide
Chapter 20 The Research Paper
Learning About Your Library
Choosing a Topic
Assembling a Working Bibliography
Taking Notes
Organizing and Outlining
Ethical Issues
Writing Your Research Paper
SAMPLE MLA STUDENT RESEARCH PAPER: “House Arrest: An Attractive Alternative to Incarceration” by Keith Jacque
Using a Computer
Chapter 21 Documenting Sources
Preparing Proper MLA Bibliographic References
Preparing Proper APA Bibliographic References
Handling In-Text Citations
Handling Quotations
Avoiding Plagiarism
Chapter 22 Additional Research Strategies: Interviews, Questionnaires, Direct Observations
The Value of Primary Research
General Principles for Primary Research
Ethical Issues
Interviews
SAMPLE STUDENT INTERVIEW REPORT: “Budget Cuts Affect State Police: An Interview Report with Officer Robert Timmons” by Holly Swain
Questionnaires
SAMPLE STUDENT QUESTIONNAIRE: “Survey on Public Smoking”
SAMPLE STUDENT QUESTIONNAIRE REPORT: “Findings from Smoking Questionnaire Distributed to Bartram College Students” by Kelly Reetz
Direct Observations
SAMPLE STUDENT OBSERVATION REPORT: “Observations of an Inner-City Apartment Building” by Caleb Thomas
Reader
Rhetorical Table of Contents
Narration
“The Perfect Picture” by James Alexander Thom
“Sound and Fury” by Dan Greenburg
“Momma’s Encounter” by Maya Angelou
“The Scholarship Jacket” by Marta Salinas
Description
“When the Full Moon Shines Its Magic over Monument Valley” by John V. Young
“Assembly Line Adventure” by Lesley Hazleton
“Once More to the Lake” by E. B. White
Process Analysis
“Fast Track to Perfection” by Ian Dunbar
*“Taking Carbon Down” by Caroline Golman
“Let’s Get Vertical!” by Beth Wald
“Can Generation Xers Be Trained? by Shari Caudron
Illustration
“Binge Drinking: A Campus Killer” by Sabrina Rubin Erdely
“Rambos of the Road” by Martin Gottfried
“Going for Broke” by Matea Gold and David Ferrell
“The Company Man” by Ellen Goodman
Classification
“What Are Friends for?” by Marion Winik
“The Men We Carry in Our Minds” by Scott Russell Sanders
“A Tale of Four Learners” by Bernice McCarthy
“Which Stooge Are You?” by Ron Geraci
Comparison
“Grant and Lee: A Study in Contrasts” by Bruce Catton
“Conversational Ballgames” by Nancy Masterson Sakamoto
“Barbie Doesn’t Live Here Anymore” by Mariflo Stephens
“Private Language, Public Language” by Richard Rodriguez
“Art Form for the Digital Age” by Henry Jenkins
Cause and Effect
“Old Father Time Becomes a Terror” by Richard Tomkins
“Why We Keep Stuff” by Caroline Knapp
“Why Marriages Fail” by Anne Roiphe
*“Why We Flirt” by Belinda Luscombe and Kate Stinchfield
Definition
“The Sweet Smell of Success Isn’t All That Sweet” by Laurence Shames
“The Blended Economy” by Marc Zwelling
*“Krumping” by Marc Zwelling
Argument
*“The Problem with Single-Payer Plans” by Ezekiel J. Emanuel
*“Has Canada Got the Cure?” by Holly Dressel
“The Misguided Zeal of the Privacy Lobby” by Alan Ehrenhalt
“Halt and Show Your Papers!” by Barbara Dority
“I Have a Dream” by Martin Luther King, Jr.
“A Journalist’s View of Black Economics” by William Rasberry
*“The Case for Amnesty” by Nathan Thornburgh
*“Not Amnesty but Attrition” by Mark Krikorian
Mixing the Writing Strategies
*“Supermarket Pastoral” by Michael Pollan
From “Social Bodies: Tightening the Bonds of Beauty” by Deborah A. Sullivan
“Gender Gap in Cyberspace” by Deborah Tannen
Handbook
Sentence Elements
Subjects and Predicates
Complements
Appositives
Parts of Speech
Phrases and Clauses
Editing to Correct Sentence Errors
Revising Sentence Fragments
Revising Run-On Sentences and Comma Splices
Creating Subject—Verb Agreement
Achieving Pronoun—Antecedent
Agreement
Using Effective Pronoun Reference
Managing Shifts in Person
Using the Right Pronoun Case
Creating Consistency in Showing Time
Using Adjectives and Adverbs
Effectively
Placing Modifiers Correctly
Revising Dangling Modifiers
Maintaining Parallelism
Revising Faulty Comparisons
Editing to Correct Faulty Punctuation and Mechanics
Apostrophes
Commas
Semicolons
Periods, Question Marks, and Exclamation Points
Colons, Dashes, Parentheses, and Brackets
Quotation Marks
Hyphens
Capitalization
Abbreviations
Numbers
Italics
Spelling
Spelling Rules
Helpful Spelling Tips
List of Troublesome Words
Glossary of Word Usage
Credits
Index
*new to this edition
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