Nanostructuring Operations in Nanoscale Science and Engineering

by Sharma, Kal

• ISBN13: 9780071622950
• ISBN10: 0071622950
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-09-08
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education

Summary

State-of-the-art nanostructuring principles, methods, and aplications Synthesize, characterize, and deploy highly miniaturized components using the theories and techniques contained in this comprehensive resource. Written by a nanotechnology expert, this authoritative volume covers the latest advances along with detailed schematics and real-world applications in engineering and the life sciences. Inside, 37 different nanostructuring methods and 16 different kinds of nanostructures are discussed. Nanostructuring Operations in Nanoscale Science and Engineering explains how to manufacture high-purity fullerenes, assemble carbon nanotubes, and use nanofluids and nanowires. You will also learn how to develop high-performance biochips, work with biomimetics, and design molecular machines. The book includes 540 end-of-chapter review questions to reinforce the material covered. Learn how to: Produce fullerenes using metallurgic, solar, and electric arc methods Use arc discharge, laser ablation, CVD, and HIPCO to create CNTs Build nanostructures with vacuum synthesis, gas evaporation, and lithography Work with quantum dots, polymer thin films, nanofluids, and nanoceramics Develop biochips, biological nanovalves, and molecular machines Mimic biological characteristics and organic self-repair using biomimetics Model nanoscale effects with relativistic and Laplace transforms Characterize nanoscale material using x-ray and helium ion microscope

Author Biography

Kal Renganathan Sharma holds joint appointments as adjunct professor in three departments, Chemical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Civil and Environmental Engineering, at Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, Texas.

Table of Contents

Foreword	p. ix
Preface	p. xi
Introduction	p. 1
Learning Objectives	p. 1
Commercial Products	p. 2
Feynman's Vision-There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom	p. 5
Drexler-Smalley Debate on Molecular Assemblers	p. 8
Chronology of Events during the Emergence of Nanotechnology	p. 10
Applications	p. 12
Nanotechnology Challenges	p. 16
Fundamental Physical Limits of Miniaturization	p. 16
Thermodynamic Stability of Nanostructures	p. 17
Characterization of Nanostructures18
Summary	p. 18
Review Questions	p. 20
Reference	p. 22
Fullerenes	p. 23
Learning Objectives	p. 23
Discovery	p. 23
Combustion Flame Synthesis	p. 26
Crystal Formation	p. 27
Sintering	p. 29
Organic Synthesis Method	p. 29
Supercritical Oligomerization	p. 31
Solar Process	p. 32
Electric Arc Process	p. 34
Applications	p. 37
Superconductors	p. 37
Adsorbents	p. 37
Catalysts	p. 39
Composites	p. 40
Electrochemical Systems	p. 40
Synthetic Diamonds	p. 41
Summary	p. 42
Review Questions	p. 43
References	p. 45
Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)	p. 47
Learning Objectives	p. 47
Discovery	p. 47
Synthesis of CNTs	p. 49
Electric Arc Discharge Process	p. 49
Laser Ablation Process	p. 51
CVD	p. 53
Hipco Process	p. 57
Surface Mediated Growth of Vertically Aligned Tubes	p. 59
Physical Properties of CNTs	p. 60
Applications	p. 62
Morphology of CNTs	p. 63
Summary	p. 67
Review Questions	p. 69
References	p. 71
Nanostructuring Methods	p. 73
Learning Objectives	p. 73
Vacuum Synthesis	p. 74
Gas Evaporation Technique	p. 75
Triangular Nanoprisms by Exposure to Wavelength of Light	p. 78
Condensed Phase Synthesis	p. 79
Subtractive and Additive Fabrication	p. 81
Processing of Quantum Dots	p. 86
Sol-Gel Processing	p. 87
Polymer Thin Films	p. 88
Cryogenic Ball Milling	p. 90
Atomic Lithography	p. 91
Electrodeposition	p. 93
Plasma Compaction	p. 95
Direct Write Lithography	p. 98
Nanofluids	p. 101
Nanostructures by Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers	p. 102
Pulsed Laser Deposition	p. 105
Summary	p. 108
Review Questions	p. 110
References	p. 114
Nanotechnology in Materials Science	p. 117
Learning Objectives	p. 117
Adaption into Curricula	p. 117
Polymer Nanocomposites	p. 119
Ferrofluids	p. 124
Shape Memory Alloy	p. 125
Nanowires	p. 126
Liquid crystals	p. 129
Amorphous Metals	p. 129
Nanoceramics	p. 131
Precipitation of Hydroxides from Salts	p. 134
Pressureless Sintering	p. 135
Thermal Barrier Coating	p. 136
Ceramic Nanocomposites	p. 137
Summary	p. 141
Review Questions	p. 143
References	p. 146
Nanotechnology in Life Sciences	p. 149
Learning Objectives	p. 149
Molecular Computing	p. 151
Molecular Machines	p. 150
Supramolecular Chemistry	p. 152
Biochips	p. 153
Data Analysis from Nanoarrays	p. 169
Sequence Alignment and Dynamic Programming	p. 173
HMMs and Applications	p. 175
Gene Finding, Protein Secondary Structure	p. 175
Drug Delivery Applications	p. 177
Summary	p. 180
Review Questions	p. 182
References	p. 185
Biomimetic Nanostructures	p. 187
Learning Objectives	p. 187
Overview	p. 187
Equilibrium Kinetics of Self-Assembly	p. 190
Biomimetic Materials	p. 191
Biomimetic Thin Films	p. 194
Biomimetic Membranes	p. 199
Magnetic Pigments	p. 201
Biomimetic Sensors	p. 202
Summary	p. 204
Review Questions	p. 205
References	p. 208
Nanoscale Effects in Time Domain	p. 209
Learning Objectives	p. 209
Overview	p. 209
Six Reasons to Seek Generalized Fourier's Law of Heat Conduction	p. 210
Semi-infinite Cartesian and Infinite Cylindrical and Spherical Mediums	p. 212
Chebyshev Economization or Telescoping Power Series	p. 214
Method of Relativistic Transformation of Coordinates	p. 217
Method of Relativistic Transformation of Coordinates in Infinite Cylindrical Medium	p. 221
Relativistic Transformation of Spherical Coordinates in an Infinite Medium	p. 225
Finite Slab and Taitel Paradox	p. 230
Final Condition in Time for a Finite Slab	p. 231
Finite Sphere Subject to Constant Wall Temperature	p. 235
Finite Cylinder Subject to Constant Wall Temperature	p. 238
Summary	p. 242
Review Questions	p. 243
References	p. 246
Characterization of Nanostructres	p. 249
Learning Objectives	p. 249
Overview	p. 249
Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS)	p. 249
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)	p. 253
Scanning Electron Microscope	p. 256
Scanning Probe Microscope	p. 258
Microwave Spectroscopy	p. 261
Auger Electron Microscopy	p. 262
Raman Microscopy	p. 263
Atomic Force Microscopy	p. 265
Helium Ion Microscopy	p. 266
Summary	p. 268
Review Questions	p. 269
References	p. 272
Index	p. 273
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