The Norton Field Guide To Writing

by Bullock, Richard

• ISBN13: 9780393977769
• ISBN10: 0393977765
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-09-18
• Publisher: W W Norton & Co Inc

Summary

The rhetoric that tells students what they need to know-and resists the temptation to tell them everything there is to know. Now available in two versions, with and without an anthology of 50 readings.

Table of Contents

Preface	v
How to Use This Book	xi
Part 1 Rhetorical Situations	1	(18)
1 Purpose	3	(2)
Identifying your purpose	4	(1)
Thinking about purpose	4	(1)
2 Audience	5	(4)
Identifying your audience	6	(1)
Thinking about audience	7	(2)
3 Genre	9	(3)
Identifying your genre	10	(1)
Thinking about genre	10	(2)
4 Stance	12	(3)
Identifying your stance	13	(1)
Thinking about stance	13	(2)
5 Media/Design	15	(4)
Identifying your media and design needs	16	(1)
Thinking about media	16	(1)
Thinking about design	17	(2)
Part 2 Genres	19	(174)
6 Writing a Literacy Narrative	21	(18)
RICK BRAGG, All Over But the Shoutin'	21	(4)
RICHARD BULLOCK, How I Learned about the Power of Writing	25	(2)
SHANNON NICHOLS, "Proficiency"	27	(2)
KEY FEATURES	29	(1)
A well-told story
Vivid detail
Clear significance
A GUIDE TO WRITING A LITERACY NARRATIVE	30	(9)
Choosing a topic	30	(1)
Considering the rhetorical situation	31	(2)
Generating ideas and text 31 Organizing	33	(1)
Writing out a draft	34	(2)
Considering matters of design	36	(1)
Getting response and revising	36	(1)
Editing and proofreading	37	(1)
Taking stock of your work	38	(1)
7 Analyzing a Text	39	(21)
DAVID S. RUBIN, It's the Same Old Song	39	(3)
WILLIAM SAFIRE, A Spirit Reborn	42	(2)
DOUG LANTRY, "Stay Sweet As You Are"	44	(6)
KEY FEATURES	50	(1)
A summary of the text
Attention to the context
A clear interpretation
Support for your conclusions
A GUIDE TO ANALYZING A TEXT	51	(9)
Choosing a text to analyze	51	(1)
Considering the rhetorical situation	51	(1)
Generating ideas and text	52	(2)
Organizing	54	(1)
Writing out a draft	55	(2)
Considering matters of design	57	(1)
Getting response and revising	57	(1)
Editing and proofreading	58	(1)
Taking stock of your work	58	(2)
8 Reporting Information	60	(22)
THE 9/11 COMMISSION, The Hijacking of United 175	60	(4)
CATHI EASTMAN AND BECKY BURRELL, The Science of Screams	64	(1)
JEFFREY DEROVEN, The Greatest Generation	65	(5)
KEY FEATURES	70	(2)
A tightly focused topic
Well-researched information
Various writing strategies
Clear definitions
Appropriate design
A GUIDE TO REPORTING INFORMATION	72	(10)
Choosing a topic	72	(1)
Considering the rhetorical situation	73	(1)
Generating ideas and text	74	(1)
Organizing	75	(1)
Writing out a draft	76	(2)
Considering matters of design	78	(1)
Getting response and revising	79	(1)
Editing and proofreading	80	(1)
Taking stock of your work	80	(2)
9 Arguing a Position	82	(25)
ANNA QUINDLEN, Still Needing the F Word	82	(3)
LAWRENCE LESSIG, Some Like It Hot	85	(4)
ANDY MCDONIE, Airport Security: What Price Safety?	89	(4)
KEY FEATURES	93	(2)
A clear and arguable position
Background information
Good reasons
Convincing support
Appeals to readers
A trustworthy tone
Consideration of other positions
A GUIDE TO ARGUING A POSITION	95	(12)
Choosing a topic	95	(1)
Considering the rhetorical situation	96	(1)
Generating ideas and text	97	(4)
Organizing	101	(2)
Writing out a draft	103	(1)
Considering matters of design	104	(1)
Getting response and revising	105	(1)
Editing and proofreading	105	(1)
Taking stock of your work	106	(1)
10 Abstracts	107	(5)
INFORMATIVE ABSTRACTS	107	(1)
DESCRIPTIVE ABSTRACTS	108	(1)
PROPOSAL ABSTRACTS	108	(1)
KEY FEATURES	109	(1)
A summary of basic information
Objective description
Brevity
A BRIEF GUIDE TO WRITING	109	(3)
Considering the rhetorical situation	109	(1)
Generating ideas and text	110	(1)
Organizing	111	(1)
If you need more help	111	(1)
11 Annotated Bibliographies	112	(8)
MICHAEL BENTON, MARK DOLAN, REBECCA ZISCH, Teen Film$	112	(3)
KEY FEATURES	115	(1)
A clear scope
Complete bibliographic information
A concise description of the work
Relevant commentary
Consistent presentation
A BRIEF GUIDE TO WRITING	116	(4)
Considering the rhetorical situation	116	(1)
Generating ideas and text	116	(3)
Organizing	119	(1)
If you need more help	119	(1)
12 Evaluations	120	(7)
BEN LEEVER, In Defense of Dawson's Creek	120	(2)
KEY FEATURES	122	(1)
A concise description of the subject
Clearly defined criteria
A knowledgeable discussion
A balanced and fair assessment
Well-supported reasons
A BRIEF GUIDE TO WRITING	123	(4)
Considering the rhetorical situation	124	(1)
Generating ideas and text	124	(1)
Organizing	125	(1)
If you need more help	126	(1)
13 Lab Reports	127	(10)
SARAH THOMAS, The Effect of Biofeedback Training	127	(5)
KEY FEATURES	132	(2)
An explicit title
Abstract
Purpose
Methods
Results and discussion
References
Appendices
Appropriate format
A BRIEF GUIDE TO WRITING	134	(3)
Considering the rhetorical situation	134	(1)
Generating ideas and text	135	(1)
Organizing	136	(1)
If you need more help	136	(1)
14 Literary Analyses	137	(10)
STEPHANIE HUFF, Metaphor and Society in Shelley's "Sonnet"	138	(2)
KEY FEATURES	140	(1)
An arguable thesis
Careful attention to the language of the text
Attention to patterns or themes
A clear interpretation
MLA style
A BRIEF GUIDE TO WRITING	141	(6)
Considering the rhetorical situation	141	(1)
Generating ideas and text	142	(4)
Organizing	146	(1)
If you need more help	146	(1)
15 Memoirs	147	(6)
CHANRITHY HIM, When Broken Glass Floats	147	(2)
KEY FEATURES	149	(1)
A good story
Vivid details
Clear significance
A BRIEF GUIDE TO WRITING	150	(3)
Deciding on a topic	150	(1)
Considering the rhetorical situation	150	(1)
Generating ideas and text	151	(1)
Organizing	152	(1)
If you need more help	152	(1)
16 Profiles	153	(7)
BOB MERLIS, Shirley Barnes, M.D.	153	(1)
KEY FEATURES	154	(2)
An interesting subject
Background information
An interesting angle
A firsthand account
Engaging details
A BRIEF GUIDE TO WRITING	156	(4)
Choosing a suitable subject	156	(1)
Considering the rhetorical situation	156	(1)
Generating ideas and text	157	(1)
Organizing	158	(1)
If you need more help	159	(1)
17 Proposals	160	(8)
TRACEY KING AND ELLYNNE BANNON, The Burden of Borrowing	160	(2)
KEY FEATURES	162	(1)
A well-defined problem
A recommended solution
A convincing argument for your solution
Possible questions
A call to action
An appropriate tone
A BRIEF GUIDE TO WRITING	163	(3)
Deciding on a topic	163	(1)
Considering the rhetorical situation	164	(1)
Generating ideas and text	164	(1)
Organizing	165	(1)
If you need more help	165	(1)
TOPIC PROPOSALS	166	(1)
JENNIFER CHURCH, Biodiversity Loss and Its Effect on Medicine	166	(1)
KEY FEATURES	167	(1)
A concise discussion of the subject
A statement of your intended focus
A rationale for the topic
Mention of resources
18 Reflections	168	(6)
BERNARD COOPER, The Fine Art of Sighing	168	(2)
KEY FEATURES	170	(1)
A topic that intrigues you
Some kind of structure
Specific details
A questioning, speculative tone
A BRIEF GUIDE TO WRITING	171	(3)
Deciding on a topic	171	(1)
Considering the rhetorical situation	171	(1)
Generating ideas and text	172	(1)
Organizing	173	(1)
If you need more help	173	(1)
19 Reviews of Scholarly Literature	174	(8)
DEBRA JOHNSON, Balanced Reading Instruction: A Review of the Literature	174	(4)
KEY FEATURES	178	(1)
Careful, thorough research
Accurate, objective summaries of the relevant literature
Critical evaluation of the literature
A clear focus
A BRIEF GUIDE TO WRITING	179	(3)
Considering the rhetorical situation	179	(1)
Generating ideas and text	179	(2)
Organizing	181	(1)
If you need more help	181	(1)
20 Résumés and Application Letters	182	(11)
RÉSUMÉS	182	(3)
KEY FEATURES	185	(1)
An organization that suits your goals and experience
Succinct
A design that highlights key information
A BRIEF GUIDE TO WRITING	186	(3)
Considering the rhetorical situation	186	(1)
Generating ideas and text	186	(3)
Organizing	189	(1)
APPLICATION LETTERS	189	(1)
KEY FEATURES	189	(2)
Succinct indication of your qualifications
A reasonable and pleasing tone
A conventional, businesslike format
A BRIEF GUIDE TO WRITING	191	(4)
Generating ideas and text	191	(1)
Organizing	192	(1)
If you need more help	192	(1)
Part 3 Processes	193	(44)
21 Collaborating	195	(4)
Some ground rules for working in a group	195	(1)
Group writing projects	196	(1)
Online collaboration	197	(1)
Writing conferences	197	(2)
22 Generating Ideas and Text	199	(6)
Freewriting	199	(1)
Looping	200	(1)
Listing	200	(1)
Clustering	201	(1)
Cubing	202	(1)
Questioning	202	(1)
Outlining	203	(1)
Letter writing	204	(1)
Discovery drafting	204	(1)
23 Drafting	205	(3)
Establishing a schedule	205	(1)
Getting comfortable	205	(1)
Starting to write	206	(1)
Dealing with writer's block	207	(1)
24 Assessing Your Own Writing	208	(5)
Assessing the writing you do for yourself	208	(1)
Assessing the writing you do for others	209	(1)
Considering the rhetorical situation	209	(1)
Examining the text itself	210	(3)
For focus
Argument
Organization
Clarity
25 Getting Response and Revising	213	(6)
Getting response	213	(1)
Revising	214	(2)
Rewriting	216	(3)
26 Editing and Proofreading	219	(5)
Editing	219	(3)
Proofreading	222	(2)
27 Compiling a Portfolio	224	(13)
Considering the rhetorical situation	224	(1)
A WRITING PORTFOLIO	225	(5)
What to include	225	(1)
Organizing	226	(3)
Paper portfolios
Online portfolios
Reflecting on your portfolio	229	(1)
A SAMPLE SELF-ASSESSMENT	230	(4)
A LITERACY PORTFOLIO	234	(5)
What to include	234	(1)
Organizing	235	(1)
Reflecting on your portfolio	235	(2)
Part 4 Strategies	237	(92)
28 Beginning and Ending	239	(11)
Beginning	239	(1)
Ways of beginning	240	(5)
Ending	245	(1)
Ways of ending	246	(2)
Considering the rhetorical situation	248	(2)
29 Guiding Your Reader	250	(5)
Titles	250	(1)
Thesis statements	251	(1)
Topic sentences	252	(2)
Transitions	254	(1)
30 Analyzing Causes and Effects	255	(5)
Determining plausible causes and effects	255	(1)
Arguing for causes or effects	256	(1)
Organizing	257	(1)
Considering the rhetorical situation	258	(2)
31 Classifying and Dividing	260	(6)
Classifying	260	(1)
Dividing	261	(1)
Creating clear and distinct categories	262	(3)
Considering the rhetorical situation	265	(1)
32 Comparing and Contrasting	266	(9)
Two ways of comparing and contrasting	267	(4)
The block method
The point-by-point method Using graphs and images	269	(2)
Using figurative language	271	(2)
Considering the rhetorical situation	273	(2)
33 Defining	275	(10)
Formal definitions	275	(2)
Extended definitions	277	(5)
Stipulative definitions	282	(1)
Considering the rhetorical situation	283	(2)
34 Describing	285	(9)
Detail	285	(3)
Objectivity and subjectivity	288	(1)
Vantage point	289	(2)
Dominant impression	291	(1)
Organizing	292	(1)
Considering the rhetorical situation	292	(2)
35 Dialogue	294	(5)
Why add dialogue?	294	(1)
Integrating dialogue into your writing	295	(1)
Interviews	296	(1)
Considering the rhetorical situation	297	(2)
36 Explaining Processes	299	(5)
Explaining clearly	299	(1)
Explaining how something is done	299	(1)
Explaining how to do something	300	(1)
Explaining visually	301	(1)
Considering the rhetorical situation	302	(2)
37 Narrating	304	(9)
Sequencing	304	(4)
Including pertinent detail	308	(2)
Opening and closing with narratives	310	(1)
Considering the rhetorical situation	311	(2)
38 Reading Strategies	313	(16)
Reading strategically	313	(1)
Previewing a text	314	(1)
Considering the rhetorical situation	314	(1)
Thinking about your initial response	315	(1)
Annotating	315	(1)
Believing and doubting	316	(3)
Thinking about how the text works	319	(2)
Summarizing	321	(1)
Identifying patterns	322	(2)
Analyzing the argument	324	(3)
Considering the larger context	327	(2)
Part 5 Doing Research	329	(122)
39 Developing a Research Plan	331	(9)
Establishing a schedule	331	(1)
Getting started	331	(1)
Considering the rhetorical situation	332	(1)
Coming up with a topic	333	(2)
Doing some preliminary research	335	(1)
Keeping a working bibliography	335	(2)
Coming up with a research question	337	(1)
Drafting a tentative thesis	337	(1)
Creating a rough outline	338	(1)
Keeping track of your sources	339	(1)
40 Finding Sources	340	(14)
Kinds of sources	340	(2)
Searching electronically	342	(2)
Reference works	344	(1)
General
Specialized
Bibliographies
Books	345	(1)
Periodicals	346	(3)
Print indexes
Electronic indexes and databases
The Web	349	(1)
Doing field research	350	(4)
Interviews
Observations
41 Evaluating Sources	354	(4)
Considering the reliability of sources	354	(1)
Considering whether a source serves your purpose	354	(2)
Reading sources with a critical eye	356	(2)
42 Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing	358	(12)
Taking notes	358	(1)
Deciding whether to quote, paraphrase, or summarize	359	(1)
Quoting	360	(3)
Paraphrasing	363	(3)
Summarizing	366	(1)
Incorporating source materials into your text	367	(3)
Signal phrases
Verb tenses
43 Acknowledging Sources, Avoiding Plagiarism	370	(5)
Acknowledging sources	370	(4)
Avoiding plagiarism	374	(1)
44 Documentation	375	(3)
UNDERSTANDING DOCUMENTATION STYLES	375	(3)
MLA style	377	(1)
APA style	377	(1)
45 MLA Style	378	(39)
A DIRECTORY TO MLA STYLE	378	(39)
MLA in-text documentation	381	(7)
MLA list of works cited	388	(19)
Sample research paper, MLA style	407	(10)
46 APA Style	417	(34)
A DIRECTORY TO APA STYLE	417	(36)
APA in-text documentation	419	(7)
APA reference list	426	(12)
Sample research paper, APA style	438	(13)
Part 6 Media/Design	451	(34)
47 Print Text	453	(11)
Considering the rhetorical situation	453	(1)
Some elements of design	454	(4)
Type
Layout
Paragraphs
Lists
Headings
White space
Visuals	458	(5)
Evaluating a design	463	(1)
48 Spoken Text	464	(12)
ABRAHAM LINCOLN, Gettysburg Address	464	(1)
JUDY DAVIS, Ours Was a Dad...	465	(2)
KEY FEATURES/SPOKEN TEXT	467	(1)
A clear structure
Signpost language
A suitable tone
Sound
Visual aids
Considering the rhetorical situation	468	(1)
Delivering a spoken text	469	(1)
Visual aids	470	(6)
49 Electronic Text	476	(9)
Considering the rhetorical situation	476	(2)
KEY FEATURES/EMAIL	478	(1)
An explicit subject line
An appropriate tone
Brevity
Speed and reach
KEY FEATURES/WEB SITES	479	(4)
A home page
A clear organizational structure
An explicit navigation system
A consistent design
Links
A sample site	483	(2)
Acknowledgments	485	(2)
Glossary	487	(1)
Index	487