Notes on Feline Internal Medicine

by Sturgess, Kit

• ISBN13: 9780632033997
• ISBN10: 0632033991
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-02-27
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

Notes on Feline Internal Medicine is one of the first books in an exciting new series specifically designed, through an accessible note-based style, to ensure veterinarians and students have quick and easy access to the most up-to-date clinical and diagnostic information.This edition includes:Differential approach to common presenting problems and laboratory abnormalities Detailed information on conditions affecting each organ system and feline infectious diseases Short sections covering breed-related diseases, paediatrics, geriatrics and therapeutics are also included For ease of reference, major conditions are subdivided into clinical signs, diagnostic approach, definitive diagnostic tests and treatment

Table of Contents

Abbreviations	xv
Introduction	1	(4)
Section 1 Differential diagnosis	5	(64)
Clinical signs	7	(49)
Abdominal enlargement	7	(1)
Anorexia	8	(1)
Ascites	9	(2)
Ataxia	11	(2)
Behavioural changes	13	(1)
Bleeding/coagulopathies	13	(1)
Collapse/syncope	14	(2)
Cardiac murmurs	16	(1)
Constipation	17	(2)
Chronic coughing	19	(1)
Diarrhoea	20	(2)
Dysphagia	22	(2)
Dyspnoea (respiratory distress)	24	(2)
Dysrhythmias	26	(1)
Dysuria	27	(1)
Failure to grow	28	(1)
Haematemesis and haemoptysis	29	(1)
Haematochezia and melaena	30	(1)
Haematuria	31	(1)
Infertility - queens	32	(2)
Infertility - males	34	(1)
Jaundice (icterus)	35	(1)
Diseases of kittens	36	(4)
Lymphadenopathy	40	(1)
Paresis and paralysis	41	(2)
Ptyalism	43	(1)
Polyuria/polydipsia	44	(1)
Pyrexia (fever) of unknown origin (PUO)	45	(1)
Regurgitation	46	(1)
Seizures	47	(2)
Sneezing and nasal discharge	49	(1)
Stiffness	50	(1)
Stupor	51	(1)
Tremor	52	(1)
Vomiting	53	(2)
Weight loss	55	(1)
Common laboratory abnormalities	56	(13)
Anaemia	56	(1)
Platelet abnormalities	57	(1)
White blood cell changes	57	(1)
Amylase and lipase	58	(1)
Azotaemia	58	(1)
Calcium imbalance	59	(1)
Cholesterol and triglycerides changes	60	(1)
Electrolyte disturbances	60	(1)
Glucose abnormalities	61	(1)
Liver enzymes, bilirubin, ammonia and bile acids	62	(1)
Muscle enzymes	63	(1)
Phosphate	63	(1)
Protein abnormalities	64	(1)
Urinalysis	65	(4)
Section 2 Organ Systems	69	(182)
Respiratory disease	71	(15)
General examination of the respiratory system	71	(1)
Disease of the upper respiratory tract (URTD)	71	(5)
Mediastinal disease	76	(1)
Lower airway disease - feline bronchopulmonary disease	76	(3)
Pulmonary thromboembolism	79	(1)
Pleural disease	80	(5)
Diaphragmatic disease	85	(1)
Cardiology	86	(30)
Introduction	86	(1)
History and presentation	86	(1)
Congenital disease	86	(1)
Presenting clinical signs	86	(1)
Physical examination	87	(1)
Diagnostic aids	88	(3)
Arrhythmias	91	(5)
Congenital heart disease	96	(5)
Acquired cardiac disease	101	(4)
Management of feline heart failure	105	(8)
Pericardial disease	113	(2)
Heartworm disease	115	(1)
Blood pressure monitoring and hypertension	115	(1)
Gastrointestinal disease	116	(22)
Oral disease	116	(2)
Oesophageal disease	118	(4)
Gastric disease	122	(5)
Small intestinal disease	127	(7)
Large intestinal disease	134	(2)
Pancreatic disease	136	(2)
Hepatobiliary disease	138	(9)
Functions of the liver	138	(1)
History and clinical signs	138	(1)
Laboratory tests for liver disease	139	(1)
Diagnostic imaging	140	(1)
Liver biopsy	140	(1)
Liver disease	141	(6)
Renal disease	147	(18)
Functions of the kidney	147	(1)
Definitions	147	(1)
Physical examination	147	(1)
Laboratory investigation of renal disease	147	(3)
Imaging	150	(2)
Acute renal failure (ARF)	152	(4)
Chronic renal failure (CRF)	156	(5)
Glomerulonephropathy and glomerulonephritis	161	(1)
Pathophysiology of glomerulonephritis	162	(2)
Renal neoplasia	164	(1)
Familial renal disease	164	(1)
Ureteric disease	165	(1)
Lower urinary tract disease (LUID)	165	(13)
Introduction	165	(1)
Clinical signs	166	(3)
Managing the obstructed cat	169	(2)
Approach to idiopathic FLUID (iFLUID)	171	(3)
Management of urolithiasis	174	(1)
Lower urinary tract infection	175	(3)
Neoplasia	178	(1)
Urinary incontinence	178	(1)
Endocrine disease	178	(19)
Hyperthyroidism	179	(4)
Diabetes mellitus (DM)	183	(7)
Hyperadrenocorticism	190	(1)
Acromegaly	191	(1)
Hypoparathyroidism	192	(1)
Hyperparathyroidism	193	(1)
Hypoadrenocorticism	194	(1)
Hypothyroidism	194	(1)
Insulinoma	195	(1)
Diabetes insipidus	195	(2)
APUDomas	197	(1)
Multiple endocrine neoplasia and polyendocrinopathies	197	(1)
Neurological disease	197	(16)
Neurologic examination	197	(4)
Approach to the neurologic case	201	(1)
Multifocal disease	201	(2)
Diagnosis	203	(1)
Management of neurological disease	204	(2)
Prognosis in neurologic disease	206	(3)
Specific disease states	209	(4)
Neuromuscular disease	213	(5)
Disease spectrum	213	(1)
History, clinical signs and assessment	213	(1)
General approach	213	(1)
Inherited neuropathies	214	(1)
Acquired neuropathies	215	(1)
Myopathies	216	(1)
Neuromuscular disease	216	(1)
Autonomic nervous system	217	(1)
Skeletal disease	218	(8)
Introduction	218	(1)
Presentation	218	(1)
Investigation	218	(1)
Bone disease	218	(5)
Joint disease	223	(3)
Intervertebral disc disease	226	(1)
Disorders of the blood, haematopoietic and immune system	226	(13)
Blood disorders	226	(5)
Clotting disorders	231	(4)
Blood transfusion	235	(1)
Diseases of the immune system	236	(3)
Clinical nutrition	239	(2)
Nutritional requirements of cats	239	(2)
Life stage nutrition and energy requirements (See Table 27)	241	(1)
Dietary formulations	241	(1)
Dietary deficiency and toxicity	242	(1)
Nutrition of the hospitalised cat	242	(4)
Nutritional management of organ-related disease	246	(2)
Management of obesity	248	(3)
Section 3 Infectious Disease	251	(46)
Bordetellosis	253	(1)
Epidemiology	253	(1)
Route of infection	253	(1)
Pathogenesis	253	(1)
Clinical findings	253	(1)
Diagnosis	253	(1)
Therapy	253	(1)
Control	254	(1)
Viral upper respiratory tract infection	254	(3)
Causal agent	254	(1)
Route of infection	254	(1)
Incubation period	254	(1)
Pathogenesis	254	(1)
Clinical signs	255	(1)
Carrier status	255	(1)
Differential diagnosis	255	(1)
Diagnosis	256	(1)
Treatment	256	(1)
Control	256	(1)
Feline chlamydiosis	257	(3)
Causal organism	257	(1)
Epidemiology	257	(1)
Route of infection	257	(1)
Incubation period	257	(1)
Pathogenesis	257	(1)
Clinical signs	257	(1)
Diagnosis	258	(1)
Treatment	259	(1)
Treatment of a colony outbreak of Chlamydia	259	(1)
Vaccination	259	(1)
Zoonotic potential	260	(1)
Feline infectious anaemia	260	(2)
Causal agent	260	(1)
Route of infection	260	(1)
Incubation (preparasitaernic) period	260	(1)
Pathogenesis	260	(1)
Clinical findings	261	(1)
Diagnosis	261	(1)
Treatment	262	(1)
Prognosis	262	(1)
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)	262	(5)
Epidemiology	262	(1)
Route of infection	263	(1)
Incubation period	263	(1)
Pathogenesis	263	(1)
Clinical signs	263	(1)
Diagnosis	264	(2)
Treatment	266	(1)
Control	266	(1)
Vaccination	266	(1)
Feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE)	267	(1)
Causal agent	267	(1)
Route of infection	267	(1)
Incubation period	267	(1)
Pathogenesis	267	(1)
Clinical signs	267	(1)
Diagnosis	267	(1)
Treatment	267	(1)
Public health	267	(1)
Mycobacterial infections - tuberculous mycobacteria	268	(1)
Epidemiology and causal agents	268	(1)
Pathogenesis	268	(1)
Clinical findings	268	(1)
Diagnosis	268	(1)
Therapy	269	(1)
Public health	269	(1)
Feline leprosy	269	(1)
Clinical signs	269	(1)
Diagnosis	270	(1)
Treatment	270	(1)
Opportunistic rapid-growing mycobacterial infections	270	(1)
Clinical signs	270	(1)
Diagnosis	270	(1)
Therapy	270	(1)
Prognosis	270	(1)
Rabies virus	270	(4)
Causal agent	270	(1)
Route of infection	271	(1)
Incubation period	271	(1)
Pathogenesis	271	(1)
Clinical signs	272	(1)
Diagnosis	272	(1)
Treatment	272	(1)
Control	272	(1)
Vaccination	273	(1)
PETS scheme	273	(1)
Zoonosis	274	(1)
Feline retroviral disease	274	(9)
Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV)	274	(2)
FOCMA (Feline oncornavirus cell membrane-associated antigen)	276	(3)
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)	279	(4)
Other retroviruses	283	(1)
Feline sarcoma virus	283	(1)
Feline syncytium-forming virus (FeSFV)	283	(1)
RD114	284	(1)
Toxoplasmosis	284	(2)
Causal agent	284	(1)
Life cycle	284	(1)
Clinical signs	284	(1)
Diagnosis	285	(1)
Treatment	285	(1)
Prevention	285	(1)
Zoonotic risk	285	(1)
Feline viral enteritis	286	(1)
Causes of viral enteritis in cats	286	(1)
Feline parvovirus (FPV)	286	(5)
Causal agent	286	(1)
Route of infection	286	(1)
Incubation period	286	(1)
Pathogenesis	286	(1)
Clinical signs	287	(1)
Diagnosis	288	(1)
Treatment	288	(2)
Control	290	(1)
Prognosis	290	(1)
Feline (enteric) coronavirus (FECV)	291	(1)
Other infectious diseases - viral infections	291	(2)
Non-suppurative meningoencephalitis ('staggering disease')	291	(1)
Cowpox	291	(1)
Hantavirus	292	(1)
Other viral disease	292	(1)
Bacterial infections	293	(2)
Cat scratch disease	293	(1)
Borreliosis (Lyme disease)	293	(1)
Cat bite abscess	294	(1)
Feline leptospirosis	294	(1)
Salmonellosis	294	(1)
Tetanus	294	(1)
Other bacterial disease	295	(1)
Rickettsial infections	295	(1)
Ehrilichiosis	295	(1)
Fungal infections	295	(1)
Aspergillosis	295	(1)
Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii	295	(1)
Protozoan infections	296	(1)
Cryptosporidia	296	(1)
Cystoisospora (Isospora)	296	(1)
Giardia	296	(1)
Section 4 Breed related diseases	297	(14)
Introduction	299	(1)
Cardiorespiratory	299	(1)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	299	(1)
Endocardial fibroelastosis	299	(1)
Patent ductus arteriosus	299	(1)
Persistent atrial standstill	299	(1)
Agenesis of nares	299	(1)
Pericardioperitoneal diaphragmatic hernia	300	(1)
Persistant right aortic arch	300	(1)
Gastrointestinal	300	(1)
Prognathic	300	(1)
Cleft palate/lip	300	(1)
Megaoesophagus and pyloric stenosis	300	(1)
Hiatus hernia	300	(1)
Interstinal carcinoma	300	(1)
Hairball	300	(1)
Urinary tract	300	(1)
Chronic renal failure	300	(1)
Amyloidosis	301	(1)
Polycystic kidney disease	301	(1)
Urolithiasis	301	(1)
Haematopoietic	301	(2)
Feline aortic thromboembolism	301	(1)
Neutrophil granulation anomaly	301	(1)
Chédiak-Higashi syndrome	301	(1)
Clotting factor deficiencies	302	(1)
Increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility	302	(1)
Thymic aplasia	302	(1)
Lysosomal storage diseases	302	(1)
Hepatobiliary disease	303	(1)
Extra-hepatic portosystemic shunt	303	(1)
Amyloidosis	303	(1)
Peliosis hepatica	303	(1)
Hepatic lipidosis	303	(1)
Reproductive tract	303	(1)
Chromosomal abnormality	303	(1)
Special senses	304	(1)
Deafness	304	(1)
Agenesis of third eyelid	304	(1)
Cataracts	304	(1)
Corneal dystrophy	304	(1)
Dermoid	304	(1)
Entropion	304	(1)
Ectopic cilia	304	(1)
Glaucoma	304	(1)
Microphakia	304	(1)
Nystagmus and strabismus	304	(1)
Optic nerve hypoplasia/aplasia	305	(1)
Retinal degeneration/atrophy	305	(1)
Musculoskeletal	305	(1)
Fold ears	305	(1)
Hereditary myotonia	305	(1)
Hereditary myopathy	305	(1)
Hypokalaemic polymyopathy	305	(1)
X-linked muscular dystrophy	305	(1)
Myasthenia gravis	305	(1)
Flat chested kittens	305	(1)
Craniofacial abnormality	305	(1)
Chondrodysplasia	306	(1)
Hip dysplasia	306	(1)
Patellar luxation	306	(1)
Sacrocaudal dysgenesis	306	(1)
Short tail	306	(1)
Neurologic	306	(1)
Hydrocephalus	306	(1)
Hyperoxaluric neuropathy-axonopathy	306	(1)
Hyperchylomicronaemia	306	(1)
Spina bifida	306	(1)
Vestibular disorders	306	(1)
Sphingomyelinase deficiency	306	(1)
Distal axonopathy	306	(1)
Endocrine	307	(1)
Diabetes mellitus	307	(1)
Hyperparathyroidism	307	(1)
Skin	307	(4)
Alopecia universalis	307	(1)
Hypotrichosis	307	(1)
Rex mutant	307	(1)
Cutaneous asthenia (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, dermatosparaxis)	307	(1)
Seborrhoea oleosa	307	(4)
Section 5 Paediatrics and geriontology	311	(12)
Paediatrics	313	(6)
Major causes of kitten mortality	313	(1)
Physiology	313	(1)
Physical examination	313	(2)
Evaluation	315	(1)
Investigation of neonatal disease	315	(1)
Treatment of neonatal disease	316	(1)
Specific diseases affecting the neonate	317	(1)
Neonatal isoerythrolysis	318	(1)
Fading kittens	318	(1)
Vaccination	318	(1)
Geriontology	319	(4)
When is a cat old?	319	(1)
Effects of ageing	319	(1)
Nutritional changes	319	(1)
Nutritional needs	319	(1)
Common diseases of old cats	320	(1)
Assessment of geriatric cats	320	(1)
Pharmacology and therapeutics	321	(2)
Section 6 Therapeutics including chemotherapy	323	(10)
Introduction	325	(1)
Antimicrobials	325	(2)
Fluroquinolone	325	(1)
Chloramphenicol	325	(1)
Tetracycline	325	(1)
Potentiated sulphonamides	326	(1)
Penicillins	326	(1)
Aminoglycosides	326	(1)
Lincosamides	326	(1)
Metronidazole	326	(1)
Analgesics and sedatives	327	(1)
NSAIDs	327	(1)
Toxicity	327	(1)
Aspirin	327	(1)
Carprofen	327	(1)
Flunixin	327	(1)
Ketoprofen	327	(1)
Meloxicam	327	(1)
Paracetamol	328	(1)
Corticosteroids	328	(1)
Side effects	328	(1)
Cardioactive drugs	328	(1)
Drug alterations in renal failure	328	(1)
Drug alterations in hepatic insufficiency	329	(1)
Chemotherapy	329	(1)
Dose rates	329	(1)
Immunosuppression	330	(1)
Hydroxyurea	330	(1)
Lymphoma	330	(3)
Further reading	333	(2)
Index	335