Nutrition and Diagnosis-Related Care

by Escott-Stump, Sylvia

• ISBN13: 9780683301205
• ISBN10: 0683301209
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1997-09-01
• Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Summary

The latest edition of this rapid-access resource for busy nutritionists and dieticians continues its tradition as a concise, yet comprehensive reference for nutrition-based care of diseases. It includes proven care plans flexible enough for any setting - from hospitals and ambulatory centers, to private practices and home care. Updated to include a full appendix on the use of herbs, botanicals and dietary supplements, it is also the ideal supplementary text to labs and for clinical rotations.

Table of Contents

Contents	p. xix
Preface	p. vii
List of Tables	p. xiii
List of Figures	p. xvii
Normal Life-Cycle Conditions	p. 1
Pregnancy and Lactation	p. 4
Pregnancy	p. 4
Lactation	p. 8
Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence	p. 12
Infant, Normal (0-6 months)	p. 12
Infant, Normal (6-12 months)	p. 16
Childhood	p. 19
Adolescence	p. 23
Physical Fitness and Stages of Adulthood	p. 26
Sports Nutrition	p. 26
Adulthood	p. 29
Geriatric Nutrition	p. 35
Dietary Practices and Miscellaneous Conditions	p. 51
Cultural Patterns and Practices	p. 53
Cultural Food Patterns and Integrative Medicine	p. 53
Vegetarianism	p. 56
Jewish or Kosher Dietary Practices	p. 59
Muslim Dietary Practices	p. 60
Orofacial Conditions	p. 61
Dental Difficulties and Oral Disorders	p. 61
Self-Feeding Problems	p. 64
Periodontal Disease	p. 66
Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction	p. 68
Skin Conditions	p. 69
Skin Disorders	p. 69
Pressure Ulcer	p. 72
Vitamin Deficiencies, Allergies, and Food-Borne Illnesses	p. 74
Vitamin Deficiencies (Vitamin A, Beriberi, Scurvy, Riboflavin, Pellagra)	p. 74
Food Allergy	p. 76
Migraine Headache and Vascular Responses	p. 80
Meniere's Syndrome	p. 82
Food-Borne Illness	p. 83
Special Pediatric Conditions	p. 91
Adrenoleukodystrophy	p. 95
Biliary Atresia	p. 97
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia	p. 99
Cerebral Palsy	p. 101
Cleft Palate	p. 103
Congenital Heart Disease	p. 104
Cystinosis and Fanconi's Syndrome	p. 105
Down's Syndrome (Mongolism)	p. 107
Failure to Thrive (Growth Deficiency)	p. 108
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome	p. 110
Hirschsprung's Disease (Megacolon)	p. 111
Homocystinuria	p. 112
Inborn Errors of Carbohydrate Metabolism	p. 113
Large-for-Gestational-Age Infant	p. 115
Low Birth Weight or Prematurity	p. 116
Maple Syrup Urine Disease	p. 119
Myelomeningocele	p. 120
Necrotizing Enterocolitis	p. 122
Obesity in Childhood	p. 124
Phenylketonuria	p. 126
Prader-Willi Syndrome	p. 128
Rickets of Nutritional Origin	p. 129
Spina Bifida and Neural Tube Defects	p. 131
Tyrosinemia	p. 133
Urea Cycle Disorders	p. 134
Wilson's Disease (Hepatolenticular Degeneration)	p. 136
Neurological, Mental Health, and Psychiatric Conditions	p. 141
Overview of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders	p. 142
Neurological Disorders	p. 144
Alzheimer's Disease and Dementias	p. 144
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis	p. 147
Cerebral Aneurysm	p. 149
Coma	p. 150
Epilepsy/Seizure Disorders	p. 151
Guillain-Barre Syndrome	p. 153
Huntington's Disease	p. 154
Multiple Sclerosis	p. 155
Myasthenia Gravis	p. 157
Neurological Trauma (Spinal Cord Injury)	p. 158
Parkinson's Disease	p. 160
Tardive Dyskinesia	p. 162
Traumatic Brain Injury	p. 163
Trigeminal Neuralgia	p. 165
Psychiatric Disorders	p. 166
Anorexia Nervosa	p. 166
Binge-Eating Disorder	p. 168
Bulimia Nervosa	p. 170
Depression	p. 172
Psychosis	p. 174
Substance Abuse and Withdrawal	p. 176
Pulmonary Disorders	p. 183
Pulmonary Nutrition Notes	p. 184
Asthma	p. 186
Bronchiectasis	p. 189
Bronchitis (Acute)	p. 190
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis)	p. 191
Chylothorax	p. 194
Cor Pulmonale	p. 195
Cystic Fibrosis	p. 196
Pneumonia	p. 199
Pulmonary Embolism	p. 201
Respiratory Distress Syndrome	p. 202
Respiratory Failure and Ventilator Weaning	p. 204
Sarcoidosis	p. 206
Thoracic Empyema	p. 208
Transplantation, Lung	p. 209
Tuberculosis	p. 211
Cardiovascular Disorders	p. 217
Overview: Diet in Heart Diseases-Lipids	p. 218
Overview: Diet in Heart Disease-Sodium	p. 221
Angina Pectoris	p. 223
Arteritis	p. 225
Atherosclerosis, Coronary Artery Disease, and Ischemic Heart Disease	p. 227
Cardiac Cachexia	p. 231
Cardiomyopathies	p. 233
Cardiac Tamponade	p. 235
Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)	p. 236
Congestive Heart Failure	p. 239
Heart Valve Diseases	p. 242
Hyperlipidemia: Hypercholesterolemia, Hypertriglyceridemia, Hyperlipoproteinemias	p. 244
Hypertension	p. 249
Myocardial Infarction (Acute)	p. 252
Pericarditis	p. 254
Peripheral Vascular Disease	p. 255
Thrombophlebitis	p. 257
Transplantation (Cardiac)	p. 259
Transplantation (Heart-Lung)	p. 261
Gastrointestinal Disorders	p. 271
Upper GI: Esophagus	p. 276
Dysphagia	p. 276
Esophageal Stricture, Esophageal Spasm, or Achalasia	p. 278
Esophageal Trauma	p. 279
Esophageal Varices	p. 280
Heartburn, Hiatal Hernia, Esophagitis, and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease	p. 281
Stomach	p. 283
Dyspepsia/Indigestion	p. 283
Gastric Retention	p. 284
Gastritis or Gastroenteritis	p. 285
Hypertrophic Gastritis (Menetrier's Disease)	p. 287
Pernicious Vomiting	p. 288
Peptic Ulcer	p. 289
Gastrectomy and/or Vagotomy	p. 291
Lower GI: Intestinal Disorders	p. 293
Diarrhea or Acute Enteritis	p. 293
Dysentery or Traveler's Diarrhea	p. 296
Fat Malabsorption Syndrome	p. 298
Celiac Disease (Celiac Sprue, Gluten-Induced Enteropathy, Nontropical Sprue)	p. 300
Tropical Sprue	p. 303
Lactose Malabsorption (Lactase Deficiency)	p. 304
Constipation	p. 306
Acquired Megacolon	p. 308
Irritable Bowel Syndrome	p. 309
Diverticular Diseases	p. 311
Peritonitis	p. 313
Carcinoid Syndrome	p. 314
Crohn's Disease (Regional Enteritis)	p. 315
Ulcerative Colitis	p. 318
Intestinal Fistula	p. 320
Ileostomy	p. 321
Colostomy	p. 323
Short Bowel Syndrome	p. 325
Intestinal Lymphangiectasia	p. 328
Intestinal Lipodystrophy (Whipple's Disease)	p. 329
Intestinal Transplantation	p. 330
Rectal Disorders	p. 332
Hemorrhoids and Hemorrhoidectomy	p. 332
Hepatic, Pancreatic, and Biliary Disorders	p. 337
Liver Facts	p. 338
Liver Disorders	p. 339
Alcoholic Liver Disease	p. 339
Ascites	p. 342
Jaundice	p. 344
Hepatitis	p. 345
Hepatic Cirrhosis	p. 348
Portacaval-Splenorenal Shunt for Portal Hypertension	p. 351
Hepatic Encephalopathy, Failure, or Coma	p. 352
Liver Transplantation	p. 355
Pancreatic Disorders	p. 358
Pancreatitis, Acute	p. 358
Pancreatitis, Chronic	p. 360
Pancreatic Insufficiency	p. 362
Pancreatic Transplantation	p. 363
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome	p. 365
Biliary Disorders	p. 366
Gallbladder Disease	p. 366
Biliary Cirrhosis	p. 368
Cholestatic Liver Disease (Cholestasis)	p. 369
Endocrine Disorders	p. 373
Overview of Diabetes Mellitus	p. 374
Diabetes Mellitus, Complications, and Related Conditions	p. 379
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus	p. 379
Islet Cell Transplantation	p. 386
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	p. 388
Gestational Diabetes	p. 394
Diabetic Gastroparesis	p. 397
Diabetic Ketoacidosis or Diabetic Coma	p. 399
Nonketotic Hyperosmolar Syndrome	p. 401
Hypoglycemia	p. 402
Spontaneous Hypoglycemia and Hyperinsulinism	p. 404
Insulin Resistance Syndrome (Metabolic Syndrome)	p. 406
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome	p. 408
Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension	p. 409
Other Endocrine Disorders	p. 411
Adrenocortical Insufficiency and Addison's Disease	p. 411
Cushing's Syndrome	p. 413
Acromegaly	p. 414
Hyperaldosteronism	p. 415
Hypopituitarism	p. 416
Pheochromocytoma	p. 417
Hyperthyroidism	p. 418
Hypothyroidism	p. 420
Diabetes Insipidus	p. 422
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone	p. 424
Parathyroid Disorders and Altered Calcium Metabolism	p. 425
Weight Management and Malnutrition	p. 431
Types of Malnutrition	p. 432
Overweight	p. 436
Obesity	p. 436
Underweight and Protein-Calorie Malnutrition	p. 446
Underweight and/or General Debility	p. 446
Protein-Calorie Malnutrition (Kwashiorkor, Marasmus, Mixed, PCM)	p. 448
Refeeding Syndrome	p. 451
Musculoskeletal, Arthritic, and Collagen Disorders	p. 457
Overview	p. 458
Ankylosing Spondylitis (Spinal Arthritis)	p. 459
Extended Immobilization	p. 461
Fibromyalgia	p. 462
Gout	p. 463
Muscular Dystrophy	p. 465
Osteoarthritis and Degenerative Joint Disease	p. 467
Osteomyelitis, Acute	p. 469
Osteomalacia	p. 470
Osteoporosis	p. 472
Paget's Disease (Osteitis Deformans)	p. 476
Polyarteritis Nodosa	p. 478
Rheumatoid Arthritis	p. 479
Rupture of Intervertebral Disk	p. 482
Scleroderma	p. 483
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	p. 485
Hematology: Anemias and Blood Disorders	p. 491
General Information about Anemias	p. 492
Anemias	p. 494
Aplastic Anemia	p. 494
Copper Deficiency Anemia	p. 495
Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia	p. 496
Hemolytic Anemia from Vitamin E Deficiency	p. 498
Iron Deficiency Anemia	p. 499
Pernicious and B[subscript 12] Deficiency Anemia	p. 502
Protein Deficiency Anemia	p. 504
Parasitic Infestation Anemia	p. 505
Sickle Cell Anemia	p. 506
Sideroblastic/Siderotic Anemia	p. 508
Other Blood Disorders	p. 509
Hemochromatosis (Iron Overloading)	p. 509
Hemorrhage, Acute or Chronic	p. 511
Polycythemia Vera (Osler's Disease)	p. 512
Thalassemia (Cooley's Anemia)	p. 514
Thrombocytopenic Purpura	p. 515
Cancer	p. 519
General Information about Cancer, Cancer Prevention, and Risk Reduction	p. 521
Cancer, General	p. 525
Cancer, General Guide	p. 525
Leukemias	p. 532
Acute Leukemia	p. 532
Chronic Leukemia	p. 534
Bone Marrow Transplantation	p. 535
Lymphomas and Tumors	p. 537
Brain Tumor	p. 537
Breast Cancer	p. 539
Choriocarcinoma	p. 542
Colorectal Cancer (Intestinal Carcinomas)	p. 543
Esophageal Cancer	p. 546
Gastric Carcinoma	p. 548
Head and Neck Cancers	p. 550
Hepatic Carcinoma	p. 552
Lung Cancer (Bronchial Carcinoma)	p. 554
Hodgkin's Disease	p. 556
Lymphomas, Non-Hodgkins	p. 557
Melanoma and Skin Cancers	p. 559
Myeloma, Multiple	p. 561
Osteosarcoma	p. 562
Pancreatic Carcinoma	p. 563
Prostate Cancer	p. 565
Radiation Colitis and Enteritis	p. 567
Urinary Tract Cancers: Renal, Bladder, and Wilms' Tumor (Embyroma of the Kidney)	p. 569
Surgical Disorders	p. 575
General Surgery Guidelines	p. 577
General Surgery	p. 577
Hyponatremia	p. 581
Hypernatremia	p. 582
Hypokalemia	p. 583
Hyperkalemia	p. 584
Hypocalcemia	p. 585
Hypercalcemia	p. 586
Hypomagnesemia	p. 587
Hypermagnesemia	p. 588
Phosphate Imbalances	p. 589
Specific Surgical Procedures	p. 590
Amputation	p. 590
Appendectomy	p. 592
Bowel Surgery	p. 593
Gastric Restrictive Surgery: Bypass, Stapling, or Gastroplasty	p. 595
Cesarean Delivery (C-Section)	p. 597
Craniotomy	p. 598
Hysterectomy, Abdominal	p. 599
Pelvic Exenteration	p. 600
Open Heart Surgery (Coronary Artery Bypass or Valve Replacement)	p. 601
Pancreatic Surgery	p. 603
Parathyroidectomy	p. 604
Spinal Surgery	p. 605
Total Hip Arthroplasty	p. 606
Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy	p. 607
Hypermetabolic, Infectious, Traumatic, and Febrile Conditions	p. 611
General Information about Nutrition and Immunocompetence	p. 612
AIDS and HIV Infection	p. 615
Ascariasis	p. 618
Bacterial Endocarditis	p. 619
Burns (Thermal Injury)	p. 620
Candidiasis	p. 623
Chronic Fatigue Immune Dysfunction Syndrome	p. 624
Encephalitis and Reye's Disease	p. 625
Fever	p. 626
Fracture, Hip	p. 627
Fracture, Long-Bone	p. 629
Herpes Simplex I and II	p. 630
Herpes Zoster (Shingles)	p. 631
Infection	p. 632
Infectious Mononucleosis	p. 634
Influenza (Flu, Respiratory)	p. 635
Meningitis	p. 636
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome	p. 637
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease	p. 639
Poliomyelitis	p. 640
Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease	p. 641
Sepsis, Septicemia	p. 642
Toxic Shock Syndrome	p. 644
Trauma	p. 645
Trichinosis	p. 647
Typhoid Fever	p. 648
Renal Disorders	p. 653
Overview of Renal Nutrition	p. 654
Inborn Errors of Renal Metabolism: Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets, Hartnup Disease	p. 656
Polycystic Kidney Disease	p. 657
Glomerulonephritis, Acute	p. 659
Glomerulonephritis, Chronic	p. 661
Nephritis	p. 663
Nephrosclerosis	p. 664
Nephrotic Syndrome	p. 665
Pyelonephritis and Urinary Tract Infections	p. 667
Urolithiasis/Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones)	p. 669
Acute Renal Failure	p. 671
Chronic and End-Stage Renal Failure	p. 674
Hemodialysis	p. 677
Peritoneal Dialysis	p. 681
Renal Transplantation	p. 683
Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition	p. 689
Comments about Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition	p. 690
Enteral Nutrition	p. 691
Parenteral Nutrition	p. 705
Nutritional Review	p. 715
Carbohydrates and Fiber	p. 715
Fats, Lipids, and Fatty Acid Review	p. 715
Other Fatty Acid Issues and Substances	p. 716
Proteins and Amino Acids	p. 717
Minerals	p. 719
Macrominerals	p. 719
Trace Minerals	p. 723
Ultra-Trace Minerals	p. 725
Less Studied Ultra-Trace Minerals	p. 727
Vitamins	p. 727
Fat-Soluble Vitamins	p. 727
Water-Soluble Vitamins	p. 729
Recommended Dietary Allowances and Dietary Reference Intakes	p. 733
Dietetic Process, Forms, and Counseling Tips	p. 743
Introduction	p. 743
The Dietetic Process and Role of the Registered Dietitian on the Health Team	p. 744
Nutritional Risk Screening	p. 744
Assessment	p. 746
Plan	p. 750
Implementation	p. 750
Evaluation	p. 751
Reassessment	p. 767
Discharge Planning	p. 767
Rationale for Diagnostic-Related Group Tables	p. 773
Multiple-Condition Case Studies	p. 781
Nutritional Acuity Ranking for Dietitian Services	p. 807
Complementary Nutrition-Herbals and Botanicals	p. 813
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