Observing Development Of The Young Child

by Beaty, Janice J.

• ISBN13: 9780131700130
• ISBN10: 0131700138
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

Distinct from other books on observation techniques, Beatyrs"s practical text, Observing Development of the Young Child, Sixth EDITION, presents her unique system of observing and recording child development using an invaluable planning tool, The Child Skills Checklist. The integration of strategies and children's books to encourage development is a major focus of this best-selling text. Features of this text: bull; bull;Clearly and practically explains what students should look for developmentally in children in their care so that they have a basis for understanding what they are seeing. bull;Highlights use of a practical tool, The Child Skills Checklist, to assess children's development in 11 areas: self-esteem, emotional development, social play, prosocial behavior, large and small motor development, cognitive development, spoken language, emerging literacy skills, art skills, and imagination. bull;Incorporates practical activities to implement with young children and their families to encourage development. Many up-to-date multicultural children's books are listed to support developmental progress.

Table of Contents

1 Assessing Children's Development Through Observation	2	(38)
Assessment of Young Children	3	(2)
A New Point of View	3	(1)
Why Assess Young Children	4	(1)
Using Systematic Observation	5	(1)
Tests as Tools for Assessing Preschool Children	5	(4)
Strengths, Not Weaknesses	8	(1)
Indicators for Developmentally Appropriate Assessment	9	(1)
Alternative Approaches to Assessment of Preschool Children	10	(6)
Play-Based Assessment	10	(1)
Interviews	11	(2)
Shadow Study Assessments	13	(2)
Media Techniques	15	(1)
What Should Child Observers Look For?	16	(2)
Collecting and Recording Observational Data	18	(17)
Narratives	18	(7)
Samples	25	(4)
Rating Scales	29	(3)
Checklists	32	(3)
Choosing the Method for Observing and Recording	35	(1)
References	36	(1)
Suggested Readings	37	(1)
Children's Books	38	(1)
Videotapes	38	(1)
Websites	38	(1)
Learning Activities	38	(2)
2 Using the Child Skills Checklist	40	(26)
Becoming an Observer	41	(2)
When Children Recognize Observer	41	(1)
Taking Time to Observe	42	(1)
Recording Information	43	(2)
Using Your Own Shorthand	43	(1)
Learning Center Logs	44	(1)
Preplanning for Observing	45	(1)
Using the Child Skills Checklist	45	(12)
Using One Checklist Section at a Time	51	(1)
Making a Running Record and Transferring Data to the Checklist	52	(2)
Using the Entire Checklist	54	(1)
Evidence	55	(2)
Interpreting the Data	57	(2)
Inferences	57	(1)
Conclusions	58	(1)
Planning for Children Based on Observations	59	(1)
Learning Prescription	59	(1)
Chapters to Follow	60	(3)
Proceeding from the General to the Specific	60	(1)
Proceeding from the Specific to the General	61	(1)
Use of Checklist by Preservice Teachers and Student Teachers	62	(1)
Observation of Each Child	63	(1)
References	63	(1)
Suggested Readings	63	(1)
Videotapes	64	(1)
Learning Activities	64	(2)
3 Self-Esteem	66	(30)
Developing Self-Esteem	67	(2)
Separates from Primary Caregiver Without Difficulty	69	(4)
Initial Attachment	69	(1)
Initial Separation	70	(1)
School Separation	71	(2)
Makes Eye Contact with Teachers	73	(3)
Develops a Secure Attachment Relationship with Teacher	76	(3)
Children with Insecure Attachments	77	(2)
Makes Activity Choices Without Teacher's Help	79	(2)
Seeks Other Children to Play with	81	(2)
Plays Roles Confidently in Dramatic Play	83	(4)
Stands Up for Own Rights	87	(3)
Cultural Differences in Standing Up for Own Rights	88	(2)
Displays Enthusiasm about Doing Things for Self	90	(2)
Observing, Recording, and Interpreting Self-Esteem	92	(1)
References	93	(1)
Suggested Readings	94	(1)
Children's Books	94	(1)
Videotapes	95	(1)
Learning Activities	95	(1)
4 Emotional Development	96	(34)
Developing Emotions in Young Children	97	(2)
Releases Stressful Feelings in Appropriate Manner	99	(4)
Distress	99	(1)
The Teacher's Role	100	(3)
Expresses Anger in Words Rather than Actions	103	(6)
Anger	103	(3)
Aggression	106	(3)
Remains Calm in Difficult or Dangerous Sitations	109	(3)
Fear	109	(3)
Overcomes Sad Feelings in Appropriate Manner	112	(3)
Handles Surprising Situations with Control	115	(2)
Surprise	115	(2)
Shows Fondness, Affection, Love Toward Others	117	(2)
Shows Interest, Attention in Classroom Activities	119	(2)
Interest (Excitement)	119	(2)
Smiles, Seems Happy Much of the Time	121	(3)
Joy	121	(3)
Observing, Recording, and Interpreting Emotional Development	124	(1)
References	124	(2)
Suggested Readings	126	(1)
Children's Books,	127	(1)
Videotapes	128	(1)
Websites	128	(1)
Learning Activities	128	(2)
5 Social Play	130	(32)
Developing Social Play Skills	131	(2)
The Importance of Play	133	(1)
Other Early Play Research	133	(1)
Social Play Development	134	(1)
Access Rituals	134	(1)
The Teacher's Role	135	(1)
Spends Time Watching Others Play	136	(2)
Plays By Self with Own Toys/Materials	138	(2)
Plays Parallel to Others with Similar Toys/Materials	140	(1)
Plays with Others in Group Play	141	(3)
Makes Friends with Other Children	144	(4)
Gains Access to Ongoing Play in a Positive Manner	148	(2)
Maintains Role in Ongoing Play in a Positive Manner	150	(3)
Resolves Play Conflicts in a Positive Manner	153	(4)
Observing, Recording, and Interpreting Social Play	157	(1)
References	158	(1)
Suggested Readings	159	(1)
Children's Books	160	(1)
Videotapes	160	(1)
Websites	160	(1)
Learning Activities	161	(1)
6 Prosocial Behavior	162	(28)
Developing Prosocial Behavior	163	(2)
Shows Concern for Someone in Distress	165	(4)
Empathy	165	(4)
Can Tell How Another Child Feels During Conflict	169	(2)
Empathy	169	(2)
Shares Something with Another	171	(3)
Generosity	171	(3)
Gives Something to Another	174	(2)
Generosity	174	(2)
Takes Turns Without a Fuss	176	(3)
Cooperation	176	(3)
Complies with Requests Without a Fuss	179	(2)
Cooperation	179	(2)
Helps Another Do a Task	181	(2)
Caregiving	181	(2)
Helps (Cares For) Another in Need	183	(2)
Caregiving	183	(2)
Observing, Recording, and Interpreting Prosocial Behavior	185	(2)
References	187	(1)
Suggested Readings	188	(1)
Children's Books	188	(1)
Videotapes	189	(1)
Websites	189	(1)
Learning Activities	189	(1)
7 Large Motor Development	190	(34)
Developing Large Motor Skills	191	(3)
Need for More Exercise	192	(1)
Motor Skills in the Preschool Years	193	(1)
Walks Down Steps Alternating Feet	194	(2)
Runs with Control over Speed and Direction	196	(3)
Jumps with Feet Together	199	(3)
Climbs Up and Down Climbing Equipment with Ease	202	(3)
Throws, Catches, and Kicks Balls	205	(4)
Throwing	206	(1)
Catching	207	(1)
Kicking	208	(1)
Rides Trikes, Bikes, and Scooters with Ease	209	(3)
Trikes	209	(2)
Choosing Trikes	211	(1)
Bikes	211	(1)
Scooters	211	(1)
Moves Legs and Feet in Rhythm to Beat	212	(3)
Creative Movement	213	(2)
Moves Arms and Hands in Rhythm to Beat	215	(4)
Observing, Recording, and Interpreting Large Motor Development	219	(2)
References	221	(1)
Suggested Readings	221	(1)
Children's Books	222	(1)
Videotapes	223	(1)
Website	223	(1)
Learning Activities	223	(1)
8 Small Motor Development	224	(28)
Developing Small Motor Skills	225	(2)
Reflexes	226	(1)
Timing	226	(1)
Shows Hand Preference	227	(2)
Turns with Hand Easily (Knobs, Lids, Eggbeaters)	229	(3)
Pours Liquid Into Glass Without Spilling	232	(2)
Unfastens and Fastens Zippers, Buttons, Velcro Tabs	234	(2)
Picks Up and Inserts Objects with Ease	236	(4)
Manipulative Materials	236	(1)
Children's Skills	237	(1)
Gender Differences	237	(3)
Uses Drawing/Writing Tools with Control	240	(3)
Uses Scissors with Control	243	(2)
Pounds in Nails with Control	245	(2)
Observing, Recording, and Interpreting Small Motor Development	247	(3)
References	250	(1)
Suggested Readings	250	(1)
Children's Books	251	(1)
Learning Activities	251	(1)
9 Cognitive Development	252	(40)
Developing Cognitive Concepts	253	(3)
Brain Research	256	(1)
Using Play	257	(1)
Stages of Exploratory Play	258	(1)
Classification	258	(2)
Assessing Development	260	(1)
Sorts Objects by Shape, Color	260	(6)
Shape	260	(4)
Color	264	(2)
Classifies Objects by Size	266	(2)
Comparisons	266	(1)
Using Opposites	267	(1)
Collections	267	(1)
Places Objects in a Sequence or Series	268	(2)
Recognizes, Creates Patterns	270	(3)
Counts by Rote to 20	273	(3)
Displays 1-to-1 Correspondence with Numbers	276	(4)
Using Marks, Picture Symbols, Number Symbols to Record	278	(2)
Problem-Solves with Concrete Objects	280	(3)
Types of Reasoning	280	(3)
Problem-Solves with Computer Programs	283	(3)
Observing, Recording, and Interpreting Cognitive Development	286	(1)
References	287	(1)
Suggested Readings	288	(1)
Children's Books	289	(1)
Videotapes	290	(1)
Websites	290	(1)
Learning Activities	290	(2)
10 Spoken Language	292	(36)
Developing Spoken Language	293	(4)
Stages of Language Acquisition	294	(1)
Preschool Stages of Language Production	295	(2)
Listens But Does Not Speak	297	(4)
Preproduction Stage	297	(1)
Provide a Stress-Free Environment	298	(3)
Gives Single-Word Answers	301	(1)
Transition to Production	301	(1)
Gives Short-Phrase Responses	302	(2)
Early Production	302	(2)
Does Chanting and Singing	304	(6)
Early Production	304	(2)
Singing	306	(2)
Chanting	308	(2)
Takes Part in Conversations	310	(5)
Early Production	310	(1)
The Rules of Conversation	311	(1)
Teacher-Child Conversation	312	(1)
Child-Child Conversation	313	(2)
Speaks in Expanded Sentences	315	(4)
Expansion of Production	315	(2)
Second Language Speakers	317	(2)
Asks Questions	319	(2)
Expansion of Production	319	(1)
Linguistic Scaffolding	319	(2)
Can Tell a Story	321	(3)
Expansion of Production	321	(1)
Retelling Stories from Picture Books	322	(2)
Observing, Recording, and Interpreting Spoken Language	324	(1)
References	325	(1)
Suggested Readings	325
Children's Books	324	(3)
Videotapes	327	(1)
CD-ROMs	327	(1)
Websites	327	(1)
Learning Activities	327	(1)
11 Emergent Literacy Skills	328	(36)
Developing Early Literacy Skills	329	(3)
Pretends to Write with Pictures and Scribbles	332	(3)
Makes Horizontal Lines of Writing Scribbles	335	(3)
Includes Letter-Like Forms in Writing	338	(2)
Makes Some Letters, Prints Name or Initial	340	(6)
Alphabet Letters	341	(1)
Printing Letters	341	(5)
Holds Book Right-Side Up; Turns Pages Right to Left	346	(4)
Pretends to Read Using Pictures to Tell Story	350	(3)
Retells Stories from Books with Increasing Accuracy	353	(3)
Predictable Books	355	(1)
Shows Awareness That Print in Books Tells the Story	356	(3)
Song Storybooks	357	(2)
Observing, Recording, and Interpreting Emergent Literacy Development	359	(2)
References	361	(1)
Suggested Readings	362	(1)
Children's Books	363
Videotape	362	(1)
Learning Activities	363	(1)
12 Art Skills	364	(24)
Developing Art Skills	365	(2)
Right Brain vs. Left Brain	367	(1)
Makes Random Marks on Paper	367	(3)
Makes Controlled Scribbles	370	(3)
Makes Basic Shapes	373	(2)
Combines Circles/Squares with Crossed Lines	375	(1)
Makes Suns	376	(2)
Draws Person as Sun-Face with Arms and Legs	378	(2)
Draws Animals, Trees, Flowers	380	(2)
Animals	380	(1)
Trees, Flowers	381	(1)
Combines Objects Together in a Picture	382	(2)
Observing, Recording, and Interpreting Art Skills	384	(2)
References	386	(1)
Suggested Readings	386	(1)
Children's Books	387	(1)
Videotapes	387	(1)
Websites	387	(1)
Learning Activities	387	(1)
13 Imagination	388	(32)
Developing Imagination	389	(2)
Does Pretend Play by Him/Herself	391	(3)
Assigns Roles or Takes on Assigned Roles	394	(3)
Needs Particular Props to Do Pretend Play	397	(5)
Takes on Characteristics and Actions Related to Role	402	(1)
Can Pretend with Imaginary Objects	403	(3)
Uses Language for Creating and Sustaining the Plot	406	(2)
Spoken Words for Internal Images	407	(1)
Uses Exciting, Danger-Packed Themes	408	(4)
Superhero and War Play	409	(3)
Uses Elaborate Themes, Ideas, Details	412	(2)
Observing, Recording, and Interpreting Imagination	414	(1)
References	415	(1)
Suggested Readings	416	(1)
Children's Books	416	(1)
Videotapes	417	(1)
Websites	417	(1)
Learning Activities	417	(3)
14 Sharing Observational Data with Parents	420	(24)
Involving Parents in Their Children's Programs	421	(3)
Focusing on the Child	421	(2)
Using the Child Skills Checklist	423	(1)
Making Parents Partners	424	(2)
Sharing Observation Results	426	(11)
Communication Methods	426	(1)
Interpreting Checklist Results	427	(7)
Sharing Checklist Results with Staff	434	(1)
Sharing Checklist Results with Parents	434	(1)
Planning for Child Based on Checklist Results	435	(2)
Ongoing Observations by Parents and Staff	437	(1)
Parent Observation in the Classroom	437	(1)
Developing Collaborative Portfolios	437	(5)
Why Make Portfolios?	438	(2)
What Form Should a Portfolio Take?	440	(1)
How Can Portfolios Be Used?	440	(2)
References	442	(1)
Suggested Readings	442	(1)
Videotapes	442	(1)
Learning Activities	443	(1)
Epilogue: The Missing Component of Child Development	444	(9)
Six Principle Elements	445	(1)
Is Something Missing?	445	(1)
Spirit, What Is It?	446	(1)
Why Overlook or Ignore Spirit?	446	(1)
How Spirit Can Be Developed in the Young Child	447	(1)
Unconditional Love from Others	448	(1)
Love and Concern Toward Others	449	(1)
Love Vibrations from Natural Beauty	449	(1)
A Sixth Sense	450	(1)
The Need for Silence	450	(1)
References	451	(2)
Index of Children's Books	453	(4)
Index	457