Odyssey : A Writer's Workbook with Readings

by Kelly, William J.; Lawton, Deborah L.

Edition:

Spiral

ISBN13:

9780205181834

ISBN10:

020518183X

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

7/1/1997

Publisher(s):

Allyn & Bacon, Inc.

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Summary

Writing is a great journey, a voyage through the world of ideas. That's why this text is entitled Odyssey: A Guide to Better Writing. The adventure that is writing begins with ideas jotted on paper or typed across a computer screen and ends with a completed piece of writing that expresses those ideas in simple, clear, complete, and correct terms. This journey brings us into contact with the world as we exchange information and react to what we learn from others. At the same time, it is a journey of self-discovery, as we tap into our creativity and draw on our reserves of experience and knowledge. This text is designed to prepare beginning writers for all the journeys - and all the promise - that writing holds.

Preface

xii

Part One Starting Out

(82)

1 Ensuring Success in Writing

(11)

Overview: Understanding the Importance of Good Writing Skills

(1)

Recognizing the Dynamics of Writing

(3)

Understanding the Basic Components of Writing

(1)

Focusing on the Reader

(2)

Understanding the Purpose behind Your Writing

(4)

Recap: Ensuring Success in Writing

(1)

2 Generating Ideas through Prewriting

(19)

Overview: Seeing Prewriting as a Way to Explore Ideas

(1)

Understanding Prewriting

(1)

Freewriting

(3)

Brainstorming

(2)

Clustering

(3)

Branching

(2)

Idea Mapping

(3)

Maintaining a Journal

(3)

Recap: Generating Ideas through Prewriting

(2)

3 Composing: Creating a Draft

(24)

Overview: Understanding Composing

(1)

Recognizing the Structure of a Paragraph

(3)

Focusing a Topic

(3)

Writing a Clear, Specific Topic Sentence

(3)

Providing the Best Support for the Topic Sentence

(3)

Deciding on the Most Effective Arrangement

(2)

Making Your Material Reader Centered

(2)

Using a Reader Evaluation Checklist

(2)

Developing a Complete Draft

(3)

Recap: Composing: Creating a Draft

(2)

4 Refining and Polishing Your Draft

(27)

Overview: Understanding the Revising Stage

(1)

Reassessing: Reseeing Your Work

(19)

Maintaining Unity

(2)

Providing Coherence

(10)

Transitions

(4)

Organizing Sentences Effectively

(6)

Choosing Effective Language

(5)

Keeping Your Writing Specific

(1)

Keeping Your Writing Concise

(4)

Getting Feedback from an Objective Reader

(2)

Redrafting

(2)

Editing

(4)

Developing a Personal Proofreading System

(1)

Using Computer Tools to Your Advantage

(3)

Recap: Refining and Polishing Your Draft

(1)

Part Two Using the Patterns of Paragraph Development

(82)

5 Narration

(8)

Overview: Telling Your Story

(1)

Writing a Clear Topic Sentence That Establishes a Context

(2)

Relying on Chronological Order

(1)

Choosing the Most Effective Point of View

(3)

Recap: Narration

(1)

6 Description

(8)

Overview: Creating a Picture in Words

(1)

Previewing the Focus of Description through the Topic Sentence

(1)

Using Sensory Details

(1)

Relying on Objective and Subjective Description

(1)

Using Spatial Order

(3)

Recap: Description

(1)

7 Example

100

(7)

Overview: Learning to Illustrate Your Point

100

(1)

Providing a Topic Sentence That States the Point You Will Illustrate

101

(2)

Providing Specific Examples

103

(1)

Ensuring That Your Examples Are Relevant

103

(3)

Recap: Example

106

(1)

8 Process

107

(9)

Overview: Explaining "How to" or "How It Happens"

107

(1)

Including a Topic Sentence That Clearly States the Process

108

(1)

Using the Imperative Mood: You

109

(1)

Dividing the Process into Simple, Logical Steps

110

(1)

Relying on Linear Order

111

(3)

Recap: Process

114

(2)

9 Definition

116

(8)

Overview: Making Meaning Crystal Clear

116

(1)

Providing a Topic Sentence That Highlights the Term to Be Defined

117

(1)

Understanding the Pattern of an Effective Definition

118

(2)

Recognizing the Full Effect of the Term Defined

120

(3)

Recap: Definition

123

(1)

10 Comparison and Contrast

124

(9)

Overview: Expressing Similarities and Differences

124

(1)

Providing a Topic Sentence That Specifies Both Subjects and Indicates the Focus

125

(1)

Establishing Your Bases for Comparison

125

(2)

Arranging Your Ideas Effectively

127

(4)

Recap: Comparison and Contrast

131

(2)

11 Cause and Effect

133

(8)

Overview: Explaining Reasons and Consequences

133

(1)

Providing a Topic Sentence That Focuses on Cause or Effect

134

(1)

Distinguishing between Direct and Related Causes and Effects

135

(2)

Avoiding Oversimplification of Causes and Effects

137

(3)

Recap: Cause and Effect

140

(1)

12 Division and Classification

141

(9)

Overview: Analyzing the Whole in Terms of the Parts

141

(1)

Specifying Scope and Emphasis through a Topic Sentence

142

(1)

Establishing a Logical Method of Analysis

143

(2)

Maintaining a Consistent Presentation

145

(1)

Using Distinct and Complete Groupings

146

(3)

Recap: Division and Classification

149

(1)

13 Argument

150

(15)

Overview: Understanding Persuasion

150

(1)

Providing a Topic Sentence That Expresses a Clear Stance on the Issue

151

(1)

Developing Sufficient Support through Sound Reasons

152

(4)

Using a Reasonable, Convincing Tone

156

(1)

Using Sound Logic

157

(2)

Arranging Your Support in Emphatic Order

159

(3)

Recap: Argument

162

(3)

Part Three Moving On to the Essay

165

(70)

14 Developing an Essay

166

(30)

Overview: Comparing the Paragraph and the Essay

166

(1)

Understanding the Structure of an Essay

167

(1)

The Introduction

167

(1)

The Body

167

(1)

The Conclusion

167

(1)

Understanding the Role of the Thesis

168

(3)

Examining an Effective Essay

171

(2)

Examining the Process of Writing an Essay

173

(17)

Prewriting: Generating Ideas and Developing a Thesis

174

(2)

Composing: Creating the Draft

176

(6)

Focusing on the Most Promising Material

176

(1)

Considering Introductions and Conclusions

177

(3)

Understanding the Relationship between Topic Sentences and the Thesis

180

(1)

Developing a Solid First Draft

180

(2)

Revising: Turning Something Good into Something Better

182

(7)

Revising for Unity

183

(1)

Revising for Coherence

184

(2)

Revising for Effective Language

186

(2)

Seeking Help from an Objective Reader

188

(1)

Redrafting

189

(1)

Editing: Eliminating Errors

189

(1)

Looking Again at the Final Draft

190

(4)

Recap: Developing an Essay

194

(2)

15 Examining Types of Essays

196

(29)

Overview: Understanding the Use of Modes in Essays

196

(1)

The Relationship between Your Purpose and the Modes

197

(1)

Using Narration to Develop an Essay

197

(3)

Examining a Narrative Essay

198

(2)

Using Description to Develop an Essay

200

(2)

Examining a Descriptive Essay

200

(2)

Using Example to Develop an Essay

202

(3)

Examining an Example Essay

203

(2)

Using Process to Develop an Essay

205

(3)

Examining a Process Essay

205

(3)

Using Definition to Develop an Essay

208

(3)

Examining a Definition Essay

208

(3)

Using Comparison and Contrast to Develop an Essay

211

(4)

Examining a Comparison and Contrast Essay

211

(4)

Using Cause and Effect to Develop an Essay

215

(2)

Examining a Cause and Effect Essay

215

(2)

Using Division and Classification to Develop an Essay

217

(3)

Examining a Division and Classification Essay

218

(2)

Writing an Argument Essay

220

(3)

Examining an Argument Essay

221

(2)

Recap: Examining Types of Essays

223

(2)

16 Answering Essay Questions

225

(10)

Overview: Laying the Foundation for Answering Essay Questions

225

(1)

Approaching an Essay Question

225

(5)

Preparation

226

(2)

Active Reading

226

(1)

Effective Note-taking

227

(1)

Anticipation

228

(1)

Rehearsal

229

(1)

Drawing Up a Practice Question

229

(1)

Answering a Practice Question

229

(1)

Examining an Answer to a Practice Question

230

(3)

Recap: Answering Essay Questions

233

(2)

Part Four Developing Sentence Sense

235

(46)

17 The Sentence

236

(10)

Overview: Understanding Sentence Basics

236

(1)

Understanding Verbs

237

(2)

Recognizing Subjects

239

(5)

Recap: The Sentence

244

(2)

18 Fragments

246

(11)

Overview: Recognizing and Writing Complete Sentences

246

(1)

Correcting Fragments with Missing Subjects or Verbs

247

(3)

Correcting Phrase Fragments and Subordinate Clause Fragments

250

(5)

Recap: Fragments

255

(2)

19 Subordination and Coordination

257

(13)

Overview: Combining Clauses for Sentence Complexity

257

(1)

Using Subordination

258

(3)

Using Coordination

261

(6)

Achieving Coordination by Using Coordinating Conjunctions

261

(2)

Achieving Coordination by Using Semicolons

263

(4)

Recap: Subordination and Coordination

267

(3)

20 Comma Splices and Run-on Sentences

270

(11)

Overview: Understanding Sentence-Combining Errors

270

(1)

Identifying Comma Splices and Run-on Sentences

271

(2)

Correcting Comma Splices and Run-ons

273

(6)

Recap: Comma Splices and Run-on Sentences

279

(2)

Part Five Understanding Verbs

281

(46)

21 Basic Tenses for Regular Verbs

282

(16)

Overview: Understanding Tense

282

(1)

Using the Present Tense

283

(6)

When the Subject Follows the Verb or the Helping Verb

284

(1)

When Words Come between the Subject and the Verb

284

(1)

When the Subject Is Compound

284

(1)

When the Subject Is an Indefinite Pronoun

285

(1)

Other Special Subjects

286

(3)

Using the Simple Future and Simple Past Tenses

289

(3)

Using the Perfect Tenses

292

(4)

Recap: Basic Tenses for Regular Verbs

296

(2)

22 Irregular Verbs and Frequently Confused Verbs

298

(16)

Overview: Understanding Irregular Verbs and Other Verb Problems

298

(1)

Identifying Irregular Verbs

299

(6)

Working with Forms of to Be

305

(3)

Choosing between Can and Could and between Will and Would

308

(4)

Recap: Irregular Verbs and Frequently Confused Verbs

312

(2)

23 Passive Voice, Additional Tenses, and Maintaining Consistency in Tense

314

(13)

Overview: Understanding Additional Elements of Verb Use

314

(1)

Forming the Passive and Active Voice

315

(2)

Using the Progressive and Perfect Progressive Tenses

317

(3)

The Progressive Tenses

317

(1)

The Perfect Progressive Tenses

318

(2)

Maintaining Consistency in Tense

320

(4)

Recap: Passive Voice, Additional Tenses, and Maintaining Consistency in Tense

324

(3)

Part Six Keeping Your Writing Correct

327

(120)

24 Nouns and Pronouns

328

(17)

Overview: Understanding Words That Name

328

(1)

Making Singular Nouns Plural

329

(2)

Working with Collective Nouns and Cue Words

331

(3)

Understanding Pronoun Case

334

(3)

Using Personal Pronouns Correctly

337

(2)

Using Indefinite Pronouns

339

(5)

Recap: Nouns and Pronouns

344

(1)

25 Adjectives, Adverbs, and Other Modifiers

345

(16)

Overview: Understanding the Roles of Adjectives and Adverbs

345

(1)

Understanding Adjectives and Adverbs

346

(1)

Creating Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs

347

(2)

Working with Confusing Pairs of Adjectives and Adverbs

349

(2)

Using -ing Modifiers Correctly

351

(4)

Avoiding Double Negatives

355

(4)

Recap: Adjectives, Adverbs, and Other Modifiers

359

(2)

26 Ensuring Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

361

(19)

Overview: Choosing the Correct Pronoun

361

(1)

Maintaining Agreement in Number

362

(2)

Maintaining Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns

364

(2)

Maintaining Agreement with Demonstrative and Reflexive or Intensive Pronouns

366

(3)

Keeping the Relationship between Pronoun and Antecedent Clear

369

(3)

Maintaining Agreement with That, Who, and Which Clauses

372

(1)

Avoiding Problems with Gender in Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

373

(5)

Recap: Ensuring Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

378

(2)

27 Maintaining Parallelism

380

(11)

Overview: Balancing Ideas in Your Writing

380

(1)

Maintaining Parallelism with Words in a Series

381

(1)

Maintaining Parallelism with Phrases

382

(3)

Maintaining Parallelism When Using Correlative Conjunctions

385

(4)

Recap: Maintaining Parallelism

389

(2)

28 Spelling

391

(21)

Overview: Understanding the Importance of Correct Spelling

391

(1)

Basic Rules for Forming Plurals

392

(3)

Basic Rules for Prefixes and Suffixes

395

(3)

The Basic Rule for ie or ei

398

(1)

Basic Rules for -sede, -ceed, and -cede, and Other Endings That Sound Alike

399

(2)

Dealing with Commonly Confused Words

401

(6)

Learning the Most Commonly Misspelled Words

407

(4)

Recap: Spelling

411

(1)

29 Commas

412

(14)

Overview: Understanding Comma Usage

412

(1)

Using a Comma between Clauses Connected by Conjunctions

413

(1)

Using Commas to Separate Items in a Series

414

(2)

Using a Comma to Set Off Introductory Material

416

(1)

Using Commas to Set Off Elements That Interrupt Sentence Flow

417

(2)

Using Commas to Set Off Direct Quotations

419

(1)

Recognizing Other Situations in Which Commas Are Needed

420

(5)

Recap: Commas

425

(1)

30 Other Punctuation and Capitalization

426

(21)

Overview: Using Punctuation and Capitalization to Clarify Meaning

426

(1)

Using Periods, Question Marks, and Exclamation Points

427

(1)

Using Quotation Marks

428

(2)

Using Apostrophes

430

(4)

Using Other Marks of Punctuation

434

(4)

Colons

434

(1)

Semicolons

435

(1)

Parentheses and Dashes

436

(2)

Understanding Capitalization

438

(7)

Recap: Other Punctuation and Capitalization

445

(2)

Part Seven Connecting: Responding to Reading

447

(44)

Overview: Responding to Reading

448

(1)

Taking Notes

448

(1)

Active Reading Strategies

448

(43)

Teaching as an Amusing Activity

450

(2)

Neil Postman

My Daughter Smokes

452

(4)

Alice Walker

Intimacy and Independence

456

(2)

Deborah Tannen

Nightwatch

458

(2)

Paul Fletcher

Caesar

460

(4)

Therese C. MacKinnon

How Boys Become Men

464

(3)

Jon Katz

"Growing Up" Is Cumulative, Evolutionary and Never-ending

467

(3)

Brian Dickinson

A Present for Popo

470

(2)

Elizabeth Wong

My Childhood

472

(2)

Set Pol

Merry Christmas

474

(2)

Carol Formica

Shoes

476

(3)

Diane Riva

A Religion?

479

(2)

Henry Bosquet

The Day I Stopped Running

481

(2)

Herbert Franco

Fear Not

483

(3)

Greg Andree

To Smoke or Not to Smoke

486

(2)

Charlotte Medeiros

Thoughts about Writing

488

(3)

Charlotte Medeiros

Appendix A: Writing with a Computer

491

(6)

Appendix B: Tips for ESL Writers

497

(20)

Appendix C: Exploring the Dictionary

517

(6)

Rhetorical Index

523

(6)

Index

529

Odyssey : A Writer's Workbook with Readings

9780205181834

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Table of Contents