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9780824740894

Orbital Disease: Present Status and Future Challenges

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780824740894

  • ISBN10:

    0824740890

  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2005-04-04
  • Publisher: CRC Press

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Summary

Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Guide supplies a current review of changes in the diagnosis and management of orbital inflammatory disease. Also covers infectious disorders, issues in oncology, thyroid disease, orbital vascular disorders, and the future of imaging and orbital surgery. Examines methodologies and vascular interventions for vascular malformations.

Table of Contents

Introduction xi
Contributors xiii
ORBITAL INFLAMMATORY DISEASE
Orbital Inflammatory Disease: Classification and New Insights
1(14)
Jack Rootman
Definition, Classification, and Changing Paradigm in Orbital Inflammatory Disease
2(1)
Role of Biopsy
2(6)
The Role of Immune Mediators in Specific Inflammations
8(1)
Changing Paradigms in the Treatment of Inflammation: The Rheumatologic Approach
9(1)
Directed Treatments of Distinct Orbital Inflammations
9(6)
Changing Paradigms in the Treatment of Inflammatory Disorders
15(10)
Kam Shojania
Abstract
15(10)
Bacterial Infections of the Orbit: Current Status and Future Challenges
25(8)
Gerald J. Harris
Inflammation: Definitions, Regulatory Mechanisms, and Contributions to Disease
33(12)
Bruce M. McManus
Jonathan C. Choy
Future and Emerging Treatments for Microbial Infections
45(20)
Anthony W. Chow
Challenges in the Treatment of Infections
45(1)
Microbiologic Diagnosis
46(5)
New Antimicrobials and Pharmacologic Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
51(4)
Emerging Antibiotic Resistance
55(10)
ONCOLOGY
The Science and Value of Lymphoma Classification
65(12)
Randy D. Gascoyne
Historical Perspective
65(6)
Current Approach
71(1)
Lymphomas of the Ocular Adnexa and Eye
72(2)
Future Directions
74(3)
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
77(10)
Joseph M. Connors
Incidence and Epidemiology
77(1)
Etiology and Risk Factors
78(2)
Diagnosis, Classification, and Staging
80(1)
Treatment
80(2)
Special Comments Lymphoma Associated with the Eye
82(5)
Epithelial Lacrimal Gland Tumors: Pathologic Classification and Current Understanding
87(8)
Thomas J. Joly
Jack Rootman
Kenneth W. Berean
Valerie A. White
Hind M. Al-Katan
Sylvia Pasternak
Guilio Bonavolonta
Diego Strianese
Peerooz Saeed
Kenneth A. Feldman
Sumalee Vangveeravong
Jocelyne S. Lapointe
Chemotherapy of Epithelial Lesions: New Approaches and Directions
95(12)
James H. Goldie
Abstract
95(1)
Introduction
96(1)
Steps Toward Tumor Specific Therapy
96(1)
Cancer Specific Molecular Targets
97(3)
DNA Array Analysis
100(1)
Which Molecular Targets?
101(1)
What is the Fundamental ``Cause'' of Cancer?
102(1)
Bureaucratic Obstacles in Drug Development
103(1)
Conclusions
104(3)
Malignant Lacrimal Gland Tumors
107(10)
George B. Bartley
The Management of Optic Nerve Sheath and Sphenoid Wing Meningiomas
117(12)
John S. Kennerdell
Kimberly P. Cockerham
Roger E. Turbin
Joseph C. Maroon
Therapeutic Recommendations
120(3)
Sphenoid Wing Meningiomas
123(6)
Gliomas of the Anterior Visual Pathway
129(10)
Jonathan J. Dutton
Clinical Characteristics
130(1)
Presenting Signs and Symptoms
131(1)
Radiographic Imaging
131(2)
Ultrasound
133(2)
Histopathology
135(1)
Treatment and Prognosis
136(3)
Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Optic Nerve and Meningeal Lesions
139(8)
Roy Ma
Background
139(1)
Definitions
140(1)
Methods of Stereotactic Radiation Therapy
140(6)
Future Developments
146(1)
Summary
146(1)
THYROID ORBITOPATHY
Pathogenesis of Graves' Ophthalmopathy
147(10)
Colum A. Gorman
Abstract
147(1)
Introduction
148(1)
How are the Clinical Features of Graves' Ophthalmopathy Evoked?
148(1)
Consequences of Swelling in the Retrobulbar Space
149(1)
Consequences of Restricted Extraocular Muscle Motion
149(1)
What Measurements Reflect the Underlying Pathology in Graves' Ophthalmopathy?
150(1)
Why do Gags Accumulate in the Orbit in Graves' Disease?
150(1)
Is Graves' Ophthalmopathy Definitely an Autoimmune Disease?
151(1)
Could Graves' Orbitopathy Be an Infectious Disease?
152(5)
Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy: Principal Antigens and Significance of Corresponding Antibodies
157(12)
Ian Epstein
Donald Smallman
Stephen Baker
Kate Lazier
Jack R. Wall
Mario Salvi
Abstract
157(2)
Introduction
159(1)
Clinical Subjects and Methods
160(2)
Results
162(3)
Discussion
165(4)
Phenotypic Attributes of Orbital Fibroblasts Underlie Their Susceptibility in Graves' Disease
169(14)
Terry J. Smith
Complex Activities of Human Fibroblasts are Generally Underappreciated
170(1)
Orbital Fibroblasts are Comprised of Discrete Subpopulations of Cells
171(1)
Orbital Fibroblasts Synthesize High Levels of PGE2 When Treated with Proinflammatory Cytokines
172(1)
Proinflammatory Cytokines Enhance Hyaluronan Synthesis in Orbital Fibroblasts
173(2)
Orbital Fibroblasts Display Cell-Surface CD40 and Respond to CD154
175(1)
Fibroblasts from Several Anatomic Regions Can Express the Thyrotropin Receptor
176(1)
Conclusions
177(6)
Somatostatin Analogs in Ophthalmic and Orbital Disease: A Rationale for Their Use
183(20)
Steven E. Katz
Marko I. Klisovic
Martin Lubow
Dino D. Klisovic
Introduction
183(3)
Intraocular Tissues
186(6)
Extraocular Muscles and Orbital Fibrocytes
192(1)
Choroid Plexus and Arachnoid Granulations
193(10)
Predictors of Disease Severity in Thyroid-Related Orbitopathy
203(10)
Peter J. Dolman
Jack Rootman
Jugpal Arneja
Introduction
203(1)
Methods
204(1)
Results
205(4)
Discussion
209(4)
Prognostic Factors
213(10)
Claudio Marcocci
Michele Marino
Roberto Rocchi
Barbara Mazzi
Francesca Menconi
Eugenia Morabito
Aldo Pinchera
Luigi Bartalena
Relationship Between Thyroid Disorders and Orbitopathy, Including Management Factors
223(14)
Wilmar M. Wiersinga
Graves' Hyperthyroidism and Graves' Ophthalmopathy: One or Two Disease Entities?
224(2)
Genetic and Environmental Factors Involved in Phenotypic Appearance of Graves' Disease
226(1)
Influence of Thyroid Function on Graves' Ophthalmopathy
227(1)
Effect of Antithyroid Drugs, Thyroidectomy, and Radioactive Iodine on Graves' Ophthalmopathy
228(3)
Prevention of Graves' Ophthalmopathy by Earlier Diagnosis and Treatment of Graves' Hyperthyroidism?
231(6)
Monitoring Activity of Graves' Ophthalmopathy
237(16)
Wilmar M. Wiersinga
Clinical Utility of Measuring Disease Activity in Graves' Ophthalmopathy
237(3)
Methods to Assess Disease Activity in Graves' Ophthalmopathy
240(1)
Clinical Activity Score
240(1)
Orbital Echography
241(1)
Orbital Octreoscan
242(1)
Orbital Magnetic Resonance Imaging
243(1)
Urinary Glycosaminoglycans
244(1)
Serum Cytokines
245(1)
Serum Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulins
246(1)
Conclusion
246(7)
VISA Classification for Thyroid-Related Orbitopathy
253(8)
Peter J. Dolman
Jack Rootman
Background
253(1)
VISA Classification
254(1)
Individual Section Measurements
254(4)
Discussion
258(3)
Current Medical Management of Thyroid Orbitopathy
261(12)
Claudio Marcocci
Michele Marino
Roberto Rocchi
Barbara Mazzi
Francesca Menconi
Eugenia Morabito
Aldo Pinchera
Luigi Bartalena
Introduction
261(1)
Nonsevere Graves' Ophthalmopathy
262(1)
Severe Graves' Ophthalmopathy
262(11)
Surgical Paradigms in the Management of Thyroid Orbitopathy
273(12)
Jack Rootman
Introduction
273(2)
Surgical Intervention During Active Orbitopathy
275(1)
Stable Orbitopathy
276(4)
Eye Muscle Surgery
280(1)
Lid Procedures
281(4)
Graves' Orbitopathy: New and Future Treatment
285(16)
Michael Kazim
Pathophysiology of the Disease
286(3)
Medical Therapy
289(4)
Improvements in Orbital Decompression
293(1)
Improvements in Eyelid Surgery
294(1)
Strabismus Surgery
294(7)
Management Controversies and Preferences in Thyroid Orbitopathy: Panel Discussion and Question Period
301(20)
Jack Rootman
Frank Buffam
Panelists' Presentations
302(8)
Question and Answer Session
310(11)
VASCULAR INTERVENTION
A New Technique in Managing Distensible Venous Vascular Malformations of the Orbit
321(14)
Thomas R. Marotta
Douglas A. Graeb
Jack Rootman
Introduction
321(1)
Classification of Orbital Vascular Lesions
322(1)
Anatomy of Orbital Region Venous Structures and Relationship with DVVMs
322(2)
Clinical Manifestations of DVVMs
324(1)
Investigation of DVVMs
325(5)
Options for Treatment with Emphasis on New Technique
330(2)
Results and Complications of Treatment
332(1)
Future Considerations
332(1)
Conclusion
333(2)
Vascular Intervention: Current and Future Opportunities
335(18)
Alan A. McNab
Introduction
335(1)
Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistulas
336(9)
Arteriovenous Malformations
345(1)
Distensible Venous Anomalies
345(2)
Preoperative Embolization of Tumors
347(2)
Aneurysms
349(1)
Future Directions
349(4)
THE FUTURE
The Future of Imaging in Orbital Disease
353(18)
Wieslaw L. Nowinski
Abstract
353(1)
Introduction
354(1)
Technological Advancements
354(7)
Human Body Models
361(1)
Present Computer-Aided Surgery and Simulation
362(2)
Future Computer-Aided Orbital Surgery
364(2)
Summary
366(5)
The Future of Orbital Surgery
371(10)
Robert Alan Goldberg
Index 381

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