Ordeal by Fire : The Civil War and Reconstruction

by McPherson, James M.

ISBN13:

9780070458420

ISBN10:

0070458421

Format:

Hardcover

Pub. Date:

9/1/1991

Publisher(s):

McGraw-Hill College

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Summary

Written by a leading Civil War historian and Pulitzer Prize winner, this text describes the social, economic, political, and ideological conflicts that led to a unique, tragic, and transitional event in American history. The third edition incorporates recent scholarship and addresses renewed areas of interest in the Civil War/Reconstruction era including the motivations and experiences of common soldiers and the role of women in the war effort.

Preface to the Second Edition

xvii

(2)

Preface to the First Edition

xix

Prologue: The Setting of Conflict

(2)

PART ONE The Coming of War

(148)

ONE American Modernization, 1800-1860

(21)

Changes in the Economy

(6)

Causes of American Modernization

(2)

The Modernizing Ethos

(2)

Modernization and Reform

(6)

Modernization and Social Tensions

(2)

Political Parties and Modernization

(3)

TWO The Antebellum South

(16)

The Southern Economy

(8)

Slavery in the American South

(8)

THREE The Ideological Conflict over Slavery

(15)

The Antislavery Movement

(5)

Antislavery and Modernization

(2)

The Proslavery Counterattack

(3)

The Cavalier Image

(3)

Slavery and National Politics

(2)

FOUR Texas, Mexico, and the Compromise of 1850

(18)

The Annexation of Texas

(2)

Manifest Destiny and the Mexican War

(3)

The Wilmot Proviso

(3)

The Election of 1848

(2)

The Compromise of 1850

(6)

The Election of 1852

(2)

FIVE Filibusterers, Fugitives, and Nativists

(15)

Manifest Destiny and Slavery in the 1850s

(4)

The Fugitive Slave Law

(5)

Free Soilers and Free Blacks

(2)

Nativism and the Rise of the Know-Nothings

(4)

SIX Kansas and the Rise of the Republican Party

(12)

The Kansas-Nebraska Act

(3)

The Rise of the Republican Party

(2)

Bleeding Kansas

(4)

The Election of 1856

(3)

SEVEN The Deepening Crisis, 1857-1859

102

(15)

The Dred Scott Decision

102

(5)

The Lecompton Constitution

107

(2)

The Lincoln-Douglas Debates

109

(3)

Portents of Armageddon, 1858-1859

112

(5)

EIGHT The Critical Year, 1859-1860

117

(14)

John Brown and the Harpers Ferry Raid

117

(4)

The Democratic Party Breaks in Two

121

(1)

The Republicans Nominate Lincoln

122

(2)

The Campaign

124

(5)

The Outcome

129

(2)

NINE Secession and the Coming of War

131

(20)

Secession of the Lower South

131

(2)

Secession: Revolution or Counterrevolution?

133

(4)

The Northern Response to Secession

137

(4)

Launching the Confederacy

141

(1)

The Upper South

142

(1)

Lincoln Takes the Helm

143

(1)

Fort Sumter and the End of Peace

144

(7)

PART TWO The Civil War

151

(338)

TEN A Brothers' War: The Upper South

153

(14)

The Conflict Takes Shape

153

(2)

The First Clashes

155

(1)

The Eastern Border States: Maryland and Delaware

156

(1)

The Western Border States: Kentucky and Missouri

157

(5)

West Virginia

162

(3)

East Tennessee

165

(2)

ELEVEN Mobilizing for War

167

(16)

Organizing the Armed Forces

167

(10)

The Navies and the Blockade

177

(6)

TWELVE The Balance Sheet of War

183

(25)

Manpower and Resources

184

(2)

Confederate Advantages

186

(5)

Confederate Guerrillas

191

(2)

Men and Arms

193

(8)

Financing the War: The Confederacy

201

(2)

Financing the War: The Union

203

(5)

THIRTEEN The War at Home and Abroad

208

(14)

The First Battle of Bull Run

208

(5)

McClellan and the Army of the Potomac

213

(4)

Europe and the War

217

(1)

The King Cotton Illusion

218

(1)

The Blockade and Foreign Relations

219

(2)

The Trent Affair

221

(1)

FOURTEEN The Springtime of Northern Hope

222

(13)

Forts Henry and Donelson

223

(3)

The Battle of Shiloh

226

(4)

Other Union Triumphs in the West

230

(5)

FIFTEEN Jackson and Lee Strike Back

235

(25)

The Peninsula and Valley Campaigns in Virginia

235

(8)

The Seven Days Battles

243

(7)

The Union Army and Total War

250

(4)

The Second Battle of Bull Run

254

(6)

SIXTEEN Slavery and the War: Northern Politics, 1861-1862

260

(19)

War Aims and Politics in the North

260

(4)

The Slavery Issue

264

(7)

The Copperheads

271

(3)

The Union Army and Emancipation

274

(1)

Colonization of Freed Slaves

275

(2)

Lincoln's Circumlocution on Emancipation, August-September 1862

277

(2)

SEVENTEEN The First Turning Point: Antietam and Emancipation

279

(23)

The Battle of Antietam

279

(8)

The Confederate Invasion of Kentucky

287

(3)

The Battles of Iuka and Corinth

290

(2)

The Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation

292

(1)

Lincoln and Civil Liberties

292

(2)

The Elections of 1862 in the North

294

(3)

The Removal of McClellan and Buell from Command

297

(3)

Europe and the War, 1862

300

(2)

EIGHTEEN The Winter of Northern Discontent

302

(20)

The Battle of Fredericksburg

302

(1)

A Crisis of Confidence in the North

303

(3)

The War in the West: The Battle of Stones River

306

(3)

The War in the West: Vicksburg

309

(6)

Joe Hooker and the "Finest Army on the Planet"

315

(3)

The Battle of Chancellorsville

318

(4)

NINETEEN The Second Turning Point: Gettysburg, Vicksburg, and Chattanooga

322

(21)

The Gettysburg Campaign

322

(2)

The Battle of Gettysburg

324

(6)

Union Victories in the West

330

(4)

The Battle of Chickamauga

334

(2)

The Battles of Chattanooga

336

(4)

The War and Foreign Policy, 1863

340

(3)

TWENTY War Issues and Politics in 1863

343

(25)

Vallandigham and the Copperhead Drive for Power

343

(3)

Black Men in Blue

346

(7)

Conscription in the North

353

(2)

A Socioeconomic Profile of Civil War Soldiers

355

(2)

Draft Resistance and Riots in the North

357

(1)

Emancipation Confirmed

358

(2)

Political Disaffection within the Confederacy

360

(4)

Habeas Corpus and States' Rights in the Confederacy

364

(1)

Opposition Leaders

364

(1)

The Disadvantages of No-Party Politics

365

(3)

TWENTY-ONE Behind the Lines

368

(25)

The Economic Impact of the War in the North

368

(8)

Economic Discontent in the South

376

(4)

Trading with the Enemy

380

(5)

Disease and Medical Care in Civil War Armies

385

(6)

Women and Medical Care

391

(2)

TWENTY-TWO Wartime Reconstruction and the Freedpeople

393

(17)

Emancipation

394

(2)

The Status of the Freedpeople

396

(7)

Political Reconstruction

403

(5)

Reconstruction and Presidential Politics

408

(2)

TWENTY-THREE Military Stalemate, 1864

410

(26)

Union Military Strategy in 1864

411

(2)

Failure of the Auxiliary Campaigns

413

(1)

The Wilderness and Spotsylvania

414

(6)

From Spotsylvania to Cold Harbor

420

(3)

The Shenandoah Valley and Petersburg

423

(6)

The Atlanta Campaign, May-July 1864

429

(7)

TWENTY-FOUR The Third Turning Point: The Election of 1864

436

(23)

Peace Feelers

436

(4)

The Democrats Nominate McClellan

440

(1)

Mobile Bay

441

(1)

The Fall of Atlanta

442

(1)

Sheridan in the Valley

443

(3)

The Copperhead Issue in the 1864 Election

446

(3)

The Prisoners of War Issue

449

(7)

The Reelection of Lincoln

456

(3)

TWENTY-FIVE The End of the Confederacy

459

(30)

From Atlanta to the Sea

459

(4)

The Battles of Franklin and Nashville

463

(3)

Adoption of the Thirteenth Amendment

466

(1)

Desertion from the Confederate Armies

467

(1)

The Fall of Fort Fisher and the Failure of Peace Negotiations

468

(3)

Sherman's March through the Carolinas

471

(4)

Destruction of Confederate Resources

475

(1)

The Reconstruction Issue in the Winter of 1864-1865

476

(1)

The Confederate Decision to Arm Slaves

477

(1)

From Petersburg to Appomattox

478

(4)

The Assassination of Lincoln and the End of the War

482

(5)

The Imprint of War

487

(2)

PART THREE Reconstruction

489

(118)

TWENTY-SIX The Problems of Peace

491

(19)

The Aftermath of War

491

(5)

Presidential Reconstruction, 1865

496

(7)

Land and Labor in the Postwar South

503

(7)

TWENTY-SEVEN The Origins of "Radical" Reconstruction

510

(11)

The Schism between President and Congress

510

(3)

The Fourteenth Amendment

513

(2)

The Election of 1866

515

(2)

The Reconstruction Acts of 1867

517

(4)

TWENTY-EIGHT Reconstruction and the Crisis of Impeachment

521

(14)

Johnson's Continued Defiance of Congress

521

(5)

The Impeachment and Acquittal of Johnson

526

(3)

The Supreme Court and Reconstruction

529

(1)

Readmission of Southern States

530

(5)

TWENTY-NINE The First Grant Administration

535

(13)

The Election of 1868

535

(5)

The Fifteenth Amendment

540

(1)

Grant in the White House

541

(4)

Civil Service Reform

545

(3)

THIRTY The Southern Question, 1869-1872

548

(18)

Southern Republicans: Blacks, Carpetbaggers, and Scalawags

548

(5)

Southern Republicans in Power

553

(3)

The Klan Issue

556

(4)

The Election of 1872

560

(6)

THIRTY-ONE Social and Economic Reconstruction

566

(15)

Education in the South

566

(4)

The New Order in Southern Agriculture

570

(6)

Postwar Commercial and Industrial Developments

576

(5)

THIRTY-TWO The Retreat from Reconstruction

581

(14)

Reconstruction Unravels, 1873-1876

581

(6)

The Election of 1876

587

(3)

The Compromise of 1877

590

(5)

THIRTY-THREE The New South

595

(12)

The Persistence of the Southern Question

595

(4)

Ideology and Reality in the New South

599

(6)

Farewell to the Bloody Shirt

605

(2)

Epilogue

607

(3)

Glossary

610

(3)

Appendix

613

(20)

United States and Confederate States Constitutions

613

(2)

Jefferson Davis's Inaugural Address

615

(3)

Abraham Lincoln's Inaugural Address

618

(6)

Speech by Confederate Vice President Alexander H. Stephens in Savannah

624

(1)

Proclamation Calling Militia and Convening Congress

625

(1)

The Emancipation Proclamation

626

(1)

The Gettysburg Address

627

(1)

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

628

(2)

Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address

630

(1)

The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution

631

(2)

Bibliography

633

(52)

Index

685

Ordeal by Fire : The Civil War and Reconstruction

9780070458420

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