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9780974707716

The Organic Chemistry Of Biological Pathways

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780974707716

  • ISBN10:

    0974707716

  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2005-02-11
  • Publisher: Roberts & Co
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List Price: $99.50

Summary

Intended for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in all areas of biochemistry, The Organic Chemistry of Biological Pathways provides an accurate treatment of the major biochemical pathways from the perspective of mechanistic organic chemistry.

Table of Contents

Foreword xv
Preface xvii
Reviewers xix
The Authors xxi
Common Mechanisms in Biological Chemistry
1(42)
Functional Groups in Biological Chemistry
3(3)
Acids and Bases; Electrophiles and Nucleophiles
6(6)
Bronsted--Lowry Acids and Bases
6(4)
Lewis Acids and Bases
10(1)
Electrophiles and Nucleophiles
11(1)
Mechanisms: Electrophilic Addition Reactions
12(2)
Mechanisms: Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions
14(3)
Mechanisms: Nucleophilic Carbonyl Addition Reactions
17(9)
Nucleophilic Addition Reactions
18(2)
Alcohol Formation
20(1)
Imine (Schiff Base) Formation
20(2)
Acetal Formation
22(2)
Conjugate (1,4) Nucleophilic Additions
24(2)
Mechanisms: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions
26(2)
Mechanisms: Carbonyl Condensation Reactions
28(4)
Mechanisms: Elimination Reactions
32(2)
Oxidations and Reductions
34(9)
Problems
37(6)
Biomolecules
43(50)
Chirality and Biological Chemistry
44(8)
Enantiomers
45(2)
Diastereomers, Epimers, and Meso Compounds
47(3)
Prochirality
50(2)
Biomolecules: Lipids
52(4)
Triacylglycerols
52(2)
Other Lipids: Terpenoids, Steroids, and Prostaglandins
54(2)
Biomolecules: Carbohydrates
56(7)
Carbohydrate Stereochemistry
57(1)
Monosaccharide Anomers
58(3)
Disaccharides and Polysaccharides
61(1)
Deoxy Sugars and Amino Sugars
62(1)
Biomolecules: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
63(9)
Amino Acids
64(4)
Peptides and Proteins
68(4)
Biomolecules: Nucleic Acids
72(5)
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid
75(1)
RNA: Ribonucleic Acid
76(1)
Biomolecules: Enzymes, Coenzymes, and Coupled Reactions
77(16)
Enzymes
77(3)
Coenzymes
80(3)
Coupled Reactions and High-Energy Compounds
83(3)
Problems
86(7)
Lipid Metabolism
93(68)
Digestion and Transport of Triacylglycerols
94(8)
Triacylglycerol Hydrolysis
95(2)
A Brief Note about Visualizing Enzyme Structures
97(2)
Triacylglycerol Resynthesis
99(3)
Triacylglycerol Catabolism: The Fate of Glycerol
102(4)
Triacylglycerol Catabolism: Fatty-Acid Oxidation
106(9)
Fatty-Acid Biosynthesis
115(10)
Terpenoid Biosynthesis
125(19)
The Mevalonate Pathway to Isopentenyl Diphosphate
126(6)
The Deoxyxylulose Phosphate Pathway to Isopentenyl Diphosphate
132(7)
Conversion of Isopentenyl Diphosphate to Terpenoids
139(5)
Steroid Biosynthesis
144(17)
Conversion of Farnesyl Diphosphate to Squalene
144(4)
Conversion of Squalene to Lanosterol
148(5)
References
153(3)
Problems
156(5)
Carbohydrate Metabolism
161(60)
Digestion and Hydrolysis of Complex Carbohydrates
162(2)
Glucose Catabolism: Glycolysis
164(14)
Transformations of Pyruvate
178(7)
Conversion of Pyruvate to Lactate
179(1)
Conversion of Pyruvate to Ethanol
179(2)
Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA
181(4)
The Citric Acid Cycle
185(8)
Glucose Biosynthesis: Gluconeogenesis
193(10)
The Pentose Phosphate Pathway
203(8)
Photosynthesis: The Reductive Pentose Phosphate (Calvin) Cycle
211(10)
References
216(2)
Problems
218(3)
Amino Acid Metabolism
221(84)
Deamination of Amino Acids
223(5)
Transamination of Amino Acids
223(4)
Oxidative Deamination of Glutamate
227(1)
The Urea Cycle
228(4)
Catabolism of Amino Acid Carbon Chains
232(39)
Alanine, Serine, Glycine, Cysteine, Threonine, and Tryptophan
234(7)
A Brief Note about Oxidation States in Iron Complexes
241(10)
A Brief Note about PLP Reactions
251(1)
Asparagine and Aspartate
252(1)
Glutamine, Glutamate, Arginine, Histidine, and Proline
252(3)
Valine, Isoleucine, and Leucine
255(4)
Methionine
259(5)
Lysine
264(1)
Phenylalanine and Tyrosine
265(6)
Biosynthesis of Nonessential Amino Acids
271(5)
Alanine, Aspartate, Glutamate, Asparagine, Glutamine, Arginine, and Proline
273(1)
Serine, Cysteine, and Glycine
274(2)
Biosynthesis of Essential Amino Acids
276(29)
Lysine, Methionine, and Threonine
276(8)
Isoleucine, Valine, and Leucine
284(2)
Tryptophan, Phenylalanine, and Tyrosine
286(9)
Histidine
295(2)
References
297(4)
Problems
301(4)
Nucleotide Metabolism
305(34)
Nucleotide Catabolism
307(6)
Pyrimidines: Cytidine, Uridine, and Thymidine
307(4)
Purines: Adenosine and Guanosine
311(2)
Biosynthesis of Pyrimidine Ribonucleotides
313(6)
Uridine Monophosphate
313(5)
Cytidine Triphosphate
318(1)
Biosynthesis of Purine Ribonucleotides
319(8)
Inosine Monophosphate
319(6)
Adenosine Monophosphate and Guanosine Monophosphate
325(2)
Biosynthesis of Deoxyribonucleotides
327(12)
Deoxyadenosine, Deoxyguanosine, Deoxycytidine, and Deoxyuridine Diphosphates
327(2)
Thymidine Monophosphate
329(3)
References
332(2)
Problems
334(5)
Biosynthesis of Some Natural Products
339(70)
Biosynthesis of Penicillins and Cephalosporins
342(10)
Penicillins
344(5)
Cephalosporins
349(3)
Biosynthesis of Morphine
352(11)
Biosynthesis of Prostaglandins and Other Eicosanoids
363(6)
Biosynthesis of Erythromycin
369(10)
Biosynthesis of Coenzyme B12 and Other Tetrapyrroles
379(30)
Uro'gen III
380(4)
Heme
384(3)
Coenzyme B12
387(13)
References
400(3)
Problems
403(6)
A Summary of Biological Transformations
409(20)
Hydrolyses, Esterifications, Thioesterifications, and Amidations
409(2)
Carbonyl Condensations
411(2)
Carboxylations and Decarboxylations
413(3)
Aminations and Deaminations
416(1)
1-Carbon Transfers
417(2)
Rearrangements
419(1)
Isomerizations and Epimerizations
420(1)
Oxidations and Reductions of Carbonyl Compounds
421(3)
Hydroxylations and Other Oxidations via Metal Complexes
424(5)
Appendixes
429(48)
A. Visualizing Protein Structures Using the Swiss PDB Viewer
429(7)
B. Using the KEGG and BRENDA Databases
436(5)
C. Answers to End-of-Chapter Problems
441(33)
D. Abbreviations Used in This Book
474(3)
Index 477

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