Organizations: Structures, Processes, and Outcomes

by Hall, Richard H.

• ISBN13: 9780139033940
• ISBN10: 0139033947
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1998-07-01
• Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Summary

Basic text for the Sociology of Organizations course taught in Sociology or Business departments, whether on the undergraduate or graduate level. Based upon classical and contemporary theory and empirical research, this text forms a sociological analysis of organizations, focusing on the impacts that organizations have upon individuals and society. The Seventh Edition of this renowned text has been rewritten to be more accessible to readers and to update coverage while retaining the features that have brought it widespread acclaim.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Part I The Nature of Organizations	1	(44)
Chapter 1 The Outcomes of Organizations	1	(25)
Why Study Organizations?	1	(2)
Why Do We Have Organizations?	3	(1)
Organizations and the Individual	4	(3)
Categories of Individuals	7	(1)
Organizations and the Community	8	(2)
Societal Outcomes	10	(5)
Organizations and Social Change	15	(7)
Multinational Organizations	22	(2)
Why Study Organizations?	24	(1)
Summary and Conclusions	25	(1)
Chapter 2 On the Nature and Types of Organizations	26	(19)
Definitions from the Past	26	(2)
Contemporary Definitions	28	(3)
Are Organizations Real?	31	(4)
Types of Organizations	35	(8)
The Voluntary Organization	43	(1)
Summary and Conclusions	44	(1)
Part II Organizational Structure	45	(64)
Chapter 3 Organizational Structure: Forms and Outcomes	45	(38)
Defining Organizational Structure	47	(3)
Complexity	50	(13)
Formalization	63	(6)
Formalization and Outcomes for Individuals	69	(5)
Centralization	74	(8)
Summary and Conclusions	82	(1)
Chapter 4 Organizational Structure: Explanations	83	(26)
Contextual Explanations	85	(13)
Organizational Design	98	(8)
Explaining Organizational Structure	106	(1)
Summary and Conclusions	107	(2)
Part III Organizational Processes	109	(95)
Chapter 5 Power and Power Outcomes	109	(25)
The Nature of Power in Organizations	110	(5)
Horizontal Power Relationships	115	(6)
A Perspective on Power in Organizations	121	(3)
Power in Voluntary Organizations	124	(1)
Lower Participants	124	(1)
The Outcomes of Power Relationships	125	(1)
Conflict in Organizations	126	(5)
The Social Outcomes of Power	131	(1)
Summary and Conclusions	132	(2)
Chapter 6 Leadership	134	(21)
What Is Leadership?	135	(5)
The Outcomes of Leadership for Organizations	140	(12)
Leadership in the Voluntary Organization	152	(1)
Summary and Conclusions	153	(2)
Chapter 7 Decision Making	155	(11)
Strategic Decisions	156	(2)
Variables and Constraints	158	(3)
Rationality	161	(2)
Power and Decision Making	163	(1)
The Decision-Making Process	164	(1)
Summary and Conclusions	165	(1)
Chapter 8 Communication	166	(18)
The Importance of Communication	166	(3)
Individual Factors	169	(2)
Organizational Factors	171	(1)
Vertical Communication	171	(4)
Horizontal Communication	175	(4)
Communication Problems	179	(2)
Communication from Outside the Organization	181	(1)
Possible Solutions	181	(2)
Summary and Conclusions	183	(1)
Chapter 9 Change	184	(20)
The Nature of Organizational Change	184	(3)
The Change Process	187	(10)
Innovation in Organizations	197	(5)
Summary and Conclusions	202	(2)
Part IV Organizational Environments	204	(45)
Chapter 10 Organizational Environments and Interorganizational Relationships	204	(45)
The Environment and the Formation of Organizations	204	(3)
Environmental Dimensions	207	(7)
Analytical Dimensions	214	(3)
The Perception of the Environment	217	(1)
The Impact of the Environment on the Organization	218	(2)
Interorganizational Relationships	220	(1)
IOR: Forms and Levels	221	(6)
A Framework for IOR Analysis: The Human-Service Delivery Area	227	(16)
Interlocking Boards of Directors	243	(4)
Outcomes of IOR	247	(1)
Summary and Conclusions	248	(1)
Part V Organizational Effectiveness and Organizational Theory	249	(45)
Chapter 11 Organizational Effectiveness	249	(25)
Toward a Contradiction Model of Effectiveness	250	(1)
Models of Organizational Effectiveness	251	(16)
The Contradiction Model	267	(5)
Summary and Conclusions	272	(2)
Chapter 12 Organizational Theory	274	(20)
The Population-Ecology Model	275	(3)
The Resource-Dependence Model	278	(5)
The Rational-Contingency Model	283	(4)
The Transaction-Cost Model	287	(2)
The Institutional Model	289	(3)
Combining the Perspectives	292	(1)
Summary and Conclusions	293	(1)
References	294	(37)
Indexes	331