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9780131730366

Organized Crime

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780131730366

  • ISBN10:

    0131730363

  • Edition: 4th
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2011-01-01
  • Publisher: Pearson College Div
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Summary

Dispelling current myths regarding organized crime, Lyman and Potterrs"s fourth edition reveals a truer picture of organized crime and criminal activity today. Providing scholarly treatment and a social perspective, the authors explore the concept of organized crime, the historical foundation for its evolution and development, and the current status of criminal groups in todayrs"s society. Offering timely and respected research, this edition includes a thorough examination of drug trafficking, new sections on emerging organized crime groups, updated case studies, more coverage international groups, updated statistics, graphics and more! Presents a broad view of organized crime that incorporates more than just ethnically- driven, pop-culture stereotypes. Incorporates two parallel themes-organized crime consists of many different groups and corrupt individuals in public office, business etc., contribute to the continuation of the problem. Uses thematic questions (What is organized crime? Is there really a Mafia? Is terrorism organized crime? Do political machines still exist?) to promote higher-order thinking skills and a critical examination of the topic. Synthesizes volumes of historical data and archives to present the most salient aspects of the organized crime problem. References information and reports generated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Pennsylvania Crime Commission, the National Institute of Justice, the Bureau of Justice Statistics and well-known researchers in the field. Law enforcement professionals and those interested in a scholarly treatment and a social perspective of organized crime.

Table of Contents

Preface xv
Understanding Organized Crime
1(58)
Introduction
1(2)
The Book's Focus
3(1)
What Is Organized Crime?
3(2)
Redefining Organized Crime
5(1)
Globalization and Organized Crime
6(1)
The Criminal Group
7(2)
Organizing for Profit
8(1)
Profit-Making Enterprises of Organized Crime
8(1)
Organized Crime Networks or Global Mafias?
9(1)
The Forms of Organized Crime
9(6)
Standard Hierarchy
10(1)
Regional Hierarchy
11(1)
Clustered Hierarchy
12(1)
Core Group
13(1)
Criminal Network
14(1)
Problems Caused by Organized Crime
15(1)
Understanding the Mafia
15(1)
Categories of Organized Criminal Behavior
16(2)
Provision of Illicit Services
17(1)
Provision of Illicit Goods
17(1)
Conspiracy to Commit Crimes
17(1)
Penetration of Legitimate Business
17(1)
Extortion
18(1)
Corruption
18(1)
Definitions by Crime Commissions
18(3)
Chicago Crime Commission
18(1)
The Wickersham Commission
18(1)
The Kefauver Committee
18(2)
The McClellan Committee
20(1)
The President's Commission on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice
20(1)
Pennsylvania Crime Commission
20(1)
The Sicilian Seed
21(2)
The Village Becomes Organized
21(1)
The Camorra
22(1)
Investigations Into Organized Crime
23(16)
Mussolini's Mafia Purge
23(2)
The Hennessey Incident in New Orleans
25(2)
Landesco's Organized Crime Investigation
27(1)
The Castel-Iammarese War
27(1)
Thomas Dewey and the Mob
28(2)
The Kefauver Committee
30(1)
The Apalachin Incident
31(2)
The Valachi Testimony at the McClellan Committee
33(2)
Robert Kennedy's Justice Department Task Force
35(1)
Palermo's Maxitrial
36(2)
Giuliani's Mafia Trials
38(1)
Louis Freeh and the New Mafia War
39(1)
Models of Organized Crime
39(11)
Report of the President's Commission on Organized Crime on Levels of Membership
40(3)
Cressey's Cosa Nostra Theory
43(3)
Albini's Patron-Client Theory
46(1)
Smith's Enterprise Theory
47(1)
Ianni's Kinship Group Model
47(1)
Chambliss's Crime Network Theory
48(1)
Haller's Partnership Model
48(1)
Block's Description of Enterprise and Power Syndicates
48(2)
Nontraditional Organized Crime
50(1)
Organizational Constraints
51(2)
Reuter on Economic Constraints
52(1)
Mastrofski and Potter on Organizational Constraints
52(1)
Organized Crime, the Media, and Popular Culture
53(4)
What Have We Learned?
57(1)
Do You Recognize These Terms?
58(1)
Points of Discussion
58(1)
Suggested Reading
58(1)
Theories of Organized Criminal Behavior
59(25)
Introduction
59(1)
Alien Conspiracy Theory
60(1)
Rational Choice Theory
61(1)
Deterrence Theory
62(1)
Psychological Traits and Criminality
63(3)
The Antisocial Personality
63(1)
The Dependent Personality
64(2)
Learning Theories
66(2)
Miller on Gangs
66(1)
Sutherland on Differential Association
67(1)
Social Disorganization Theories
68(2)
Relative Deprivation
68(1)
Bell's Queer Ladder of Mobility Theory
68(1)
Merton's Anomie
69(1)
Cloward and Ohlin on Differential Opportunity
69(1)
Taylor, Walton, and Young on Blocked Opportunity
70(1)
Cultural Deviance Theories
70(1)
Culture Conflict
70(1)
Smith's Enterprise Theory
70(1)
Organizational Theory and Organized Crime
71(3)
Two Empirical Conclusions
73(1)
Social Implications of the Enterprise Model
74(1)
Organized Crime as a Community Social Institution
74(7)
Alignment with Legitimate Business
75(1)
Benefits for Legitimate Business
75(1)
Organized Crime Provides Benefits to Legitimate Businesses
76(1)
Illicit Income for Community Members
76(1)
Legitimate Employment Opportunities
77(1)
Community Acceptance of Organized Crime
77(1)
The Corruption Link
78(2)
Interfacing with the Community
80(1)
What Have We Learned?
81(1)
Do You Recognize These Terms?
82(1)
Points of Discussion
82(1)
Suggested Reading
82(2)
The Evolution of Organized Crime: Urban Beginnings and Major Participants
84(43)
Introduction
84(1)
The Irish Immigration
85(5)
The Political Machine (1830--1919)
86(4)
The Early Drug Syndicates (1915--1930)
90(1)
The Prohibition Era (1920--1933)
91(1)
The Chicago Mob
92(5)
Al Capone (1899--1947)
92(1)
Capone's Move to Chicago
93(2)
Sam Giancana (1908--1975)
95(2)
Ethnicity and Organized Crime in Large Cities
97(1)
The New York Mob
97(8)
The Masseria and Maranzano Assassinations
97(1)
Lucky Luciano and New York's New Order
98(2)
Siegel, Lansky, and the New York-Las Vegas Connection
100(3)
The Black Hand
103(1)
The Unione Siciliana
104(1)
Other Notable Figures in New York
105(13)
Arnold Rothstein
105(1)
Dutch Schultz
106(2)
Frank Costello
108(1)
Frank Erikson
109(1)
Vito Genovese
110(2)
Joseph Bonanno
112(1)
Joseph Colombo
113(1)
Carlo Gambino
114(1)
Paul Castellano
114(1)
John Gotti
115(3)
The Philadelphia Mob
118(4)
Philadelphia and the National Syndicate
120(2)
The New Breed
122(2)
Pablo Escobar
122(2)
What Have We Learned?
124(1)
Do You Recognize These Terms?
125(1)
Points of Discussion
125(1)
Suggested Reading
125(2)
The Evolution of Organized Crime: Southern Beginnings and Major Participants
127(21)
Introduction
127(1)
Historical Perspectives of Organized Crime in the South
127(2)
Modern-Day Piracy
129(1)
Land Pirates, Horse and Slave Thieves, Highwaymen, Marauders, and Train Robbers
130(3)
Vice in the South
133(9)
Natchez-Under-the-Hill
133(1)
New Orleans
134(1)
Gambling
135(3)
New Orleans Street Gangs
138(1)
Procuring
138(1)
Prostitution
139(3)
Bootlegging and Moonshining
142(5)
What Have We Learned?
147(1)
Do You Recognize These Terms?
147(1)
Points of Discussion
147(1)
Suggested Reading
147(1)
The Businesses of Organized Crime
148(44)
Introduction
148(1)
Delivery of Illicit Goods and Services
149(1)
Corruption
150(2)
Pornography
152(2)
Forms of Pornography
152(1)
Organized Crime and Pornography
153(1)
Prostitution
154(6)
Types of Prostitutes
156(1)
Streetwalkers
156(1)
Massage Parlor Prostitutes
156(1)
Stag Party Girls
157(1)
Hotel and Convention Prostitutes
157(1)
Bar Girls
158(1)
Escort Service Prostitutes
158(1)
Pimp-Prostitute Relationship
159(1)
The Clients
159(1)
Organized Crime and Prostitution
160(1)
Drug Trafficking
160(2)
Cocaine Traffic
160(1)
Heroin Traffic
160(1)
Synthetic Drug Traffic
160(1)
Marijuana Traffic
161(1)
The Distribution Chain
161(1)
Arms Trafficking
162(1)
Contraband Smuggling
163(2)
Counterfeiting
165(1)
Gambling
166(4)
The Process
167(1)
Bookmaking
168(1)
The Effects of Illegal Gambling
169(1)
Loan-Sharking
170(1)
Environmental Crime
171(1)
Trafficking in Gems and Gold
172(1)
Business Racketeering
173(2)
Reasons to Seek Legitimacy
175(2)
Labor Racketeering
177(2)
High-Tech Crime
179(2)
Intellectual Property Rights Violations
181(2)
Trafficking in Nuclear Material
183(1)
Trafficking in Women and Children
184(2)
Money Laundering
186(3)
Money Laundering Defined
186(1)
Current Money-Laundering Trends
186(1)
The Money-Laundering Process
187(1)
Money-Laundering Methods
187(2)
What Have We Learned?
189(1)
Do You Recognize These Terms?
190(1)
Points of Discussion
190(1)
Suggested Reading
190(2)
The Illicit Drug Trade
192(30)
Introduction
192(2)
Drug Control: A Brief History
194(1)
Early Drug Regulation
194(1)
The Impact of Drugs on Society
195(6)
The Pervasiveness of Drug Abuse
196(1)
Measuring Drug Abuse
196(1)
Drugs and Crime
197(1)
Drugs and Violent Crime
198(1)
Drugs and Income-Generating Crime
199(1)
Drugs and Organized Crime
199(2)
Players in the Drug Business
201(1)
The Business of Drugs
201(1)
Money Laundering in Mexico
202(1)
Southeast Asia
202(2)
Afghanistan and Drug Trafficking
204(1)
Trends of Organized Drug Trafficking
205(2)
Organization
205(1)
Popular Drug Trends
205(2)
Drugs and Drug-Trafficking Techniques
207(10)
Cocaine
207(2)
Heroin
209(3)
Methamphetamine
212(1)
Marijuana
213(2)
MDMA
215(1)
LSD
216(1)
Drug-Control Strategies
217(2)
Strategy 1: Expressive Law Enforcement
217(1)
Strategy 2: Mr. Big Strategy
218(1)
Strategy 3: Gang Control
218(1)
Strategy 4: Citywide Street-Level Drug Enforcement
218(1)
Strategy 5: Neighborhood Crackdowns
218(1)
Strategy 6: Drug Abuse Prevention
218(1)
Other Control Strategies
219(1)
What Have We Learned?
219(1)
Do You Recognize These Terms?
220(1)
Points of Discussion
220(1)
Suggested Reading
220(2)
Domestic Organized Crime Groups
222(44)
Introduction
222(1)
Past African American Organized Crime
223(3)
New York
224(1)
Chicago
224(1)
Pittsburgh
225(1)
Philadelphia
225(1)
Newport
225(1)
Contemporary African American Organized Crime
226(2)
Leroy ``Nicky'' Barnes
226(1)
Frank Mathews
227(1)
Jeff Fort
227(1)
Charles Lucas
227(1)
Youth Gangs
228(9)
Extent of Youth Gangs
228(1)
Reasons for the Existence of Youth Gangs
229(1)
How Street Gangs Are Organized
229(2)
Youth Gang Member Types
231(2)
Laws Addressing Gang Violence
233(1)
Characteristics of Youth Gang Members
234(1)
Black Youth Gangs
234(2)
Hispanic Youth Gangs
236(1)
Mobility of Youth Gangs
237(1)
Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs
237(11)
The OMG--Organized Crime Link
239(1)
Organizational Structure
239(2)
Criminal Activity
241(1)
The Hell's Angels
242(2)
The Outlaws
244(2)
The Pagans
246(1)
The Bandidos
247(1)
Prison Gangs
248(13)
Nature of Prison Gangs
250(2)
Recruitment
252(1)
Prison Gang Structure
253(1)
Mexican Mafia
253(1)
Neuestra Familia
254(2)
Texas Syndicate
256(1)
The Mexikanemi
256(1)
Aryan Brotherhood
257(1)
Black Guerilla Family
257(2)
Gang Members in the Community
259(2)
Rural Organized Crime
261(3)
The Wholesale Market
262(1)
The Retail Market
263(1)
Characteristics of Rural Organized Crime Groups
264(1)
What Have We Learned?
264(1)
Do You Recognize These Terms?
265(1)
Points of Discussion
265(1)
Suggested Reading
265(1)
A Comparative Perspective
266(58)
Introduction
266(1)
Transnational Organized Crime
266(2)
International Changes and Organized Crime
268(2)
International Transportation and Criminal Organizations
268(1)
International Trade and Criminal Organizations
268(1)
Computer and Communications Technology and Criminal Organizations
269(1)
International Financial Networks and Organized Crime
269(1)
Globalization and the Consumption Society
269(1)
The Changing Character of Organized Crime in a Global Economy
269(1)
Strategic Alliances and Modern Organized Crime
270(2)
Undermining Civilized Society
272(1)
Impact on Local Economies
272(1)
Undermining State Legitimacy
272(1)
States within States
273(1)
Future Trends Affecting Criminal Organizations
273(2)
Economics of Production
274(1)
International Ungovernability
274(1)
Immigration Streams and Organized Crime
274(1)
Border Porosity
274(1)
Drug Cartels and the International Organization of Drug Trafficking in the Twenty-First Century
275(1)
Colombian Cocaine Cartels
276(6)
Colombian Traffickers and the Cocaine Market
276(1)
Cocaine Wholesaling Structure
277(1)
The Heroin Trade
278(1)
The Medellin Cartel
279(1)
The Cali Cartel
280(1)
Contemporary Colombian Drug-Trafficking Organizations
281(1)
Mexican Drug Syndicates
282(4)
Dominican Drug-Trafficking Organizations
286(1)
Cuban Organized Crime
287(1)
The Marielitos
287(1)
An Overview
288(1)
A Small Corner of the World: Organized Crime in the Triborder Area
288(6)
Geography, Society, and the Economy of Crime
289(1)
State Corruption
290(1)
Organizing Crime in the TBA
291(1)
Organized Crime Enterprises in the TBA
292(1)
Conclusion
293(1)
Emerging Transnational Criminal Organizations
294(28)
Chinese Organized Crime
294(4)
The Japanese Yakuza
298(2)
Vietnamese Gangs
300(1)
The Shining Path
300(1)
European Organized Crime
301(1)
Europe's Shadow Economy
302(2)
Italy's Mafia Wars
304(3)
Russian Organized Crime
307(5)
African Organized Crime
312(8)
Issues Related to Organized Crime Facing Africa
320(1)
Albanian Drug-Smuggling Networks
321(1)
What Have We Learned?
322(1)
Do You Recognize These Terms?
322(1)
Points of Discussion
323(1)
Suggested Reading
323(1)
Terrorism as Organized Crime
324(52)
Introduction
324(1)
An Overview
324(1)
Terrorism Defined
325(1)
Who Are the Terrorists?
326(2)
Forms of Terrorism
328(1)
Recent Changes in Terrorism
329(2)
Use of Chemical and Biological Weapons
330(1)
Infoterrorism
330(1)
International Terrorism
331(5)
Revisiting September 11, 2001
332(3)
Responding to September 11, 2001
335(1)
Middle Eastern Terrorists
336(11)
Al Qaeda International
338(5)
Terrorist Sleeper Cells
343(4)
West European Terrorists
347(1)
Latin American Terrorists
347(1)
State-Organized Crime
348(1)
State-Sponsored Terrorism and U.S. Foreign Policy
349(8)
Iran
349(1)
Guatemala
350(1)
Cuba
350(1)
Chile
351(1)
Operation Condor
351(1)
U.S. Intelligence Agency Collaboration with Organized Crime
351(1)
The OSS in Italy and Marseilles
351(1)
The CIA in Southeast Asia
352(1)
The CIA in Southwest Asia
353(1)
The CIA and Money Laundering in Florida and the Caribbean Basin
353(1)
The Nugan-Hand Bank in Australia
353(1)
The Bank of Credit and Commerce International
354(1)
Cuban Organized Crime Groups
354(1)
The Iran-Contra Affair
354(2)
Drug Smuggling by the Contras
356(1)
What Did They Know and When Did They Know It?
356(1)
Domestic Terrorism
357(4)
The Bombing in Oklahoma City
359(1)
Other Incidents in the Late Twentieth Century
360(1)
The Ideological Left
361(1)
The Ideological Right
362(3)
Domestic Terrorism: White Supremacist and Hate Groups
363(2)
The Birth of Militias
365(1)
Triggering Events
366(4)
Other Domestic Terrorist Groups
367(1)
Christian Identity Groups
367(1)
White Nationalists
367(1)
Third-Position White Supremacists
367(1)
Neo-Nazi Skinheads
368(1)
Racial Survivalists
368(1)
Fifth-Era Ku Klux Klan Groups
368(1)
Posse Comitatus
369(1)
Populists
369(1)
Single-Issue Terrorist Activity
370(2)
Antiabortion Activists
370(1)
Crime-Related Events
371(1)
The Media's Role in Terrorism
372(1)
Controlling Terrorism
372(1)
The 1996 Antiterrorism Bill
373(1)
The 2001 USA Patriot Act
373(1)
What Have We Learned?
374(1)
Do You Recognize These Terms?
374(1)
Points of Discussion
374(1)
Suggested Reading
375(1)
Organized Crime's Political and Corporate Alliances
376(43)
Introduction
376(1)
Corporate Scandals of the Twenty-First Century
377(2)
The Connection
379(1)
Organized Crime and the Political System
380(2)
The Mob and John F. Kennedy
382(4)
John F. Kennedy's Political Debts
383(3)
Organized Crime and Richard Nixon
386(2)
The Teamsters Endorsement
387(1)
Organized Crime and Ronald Reagan
388(5)
Senator Paul Laxalt
388(1)
Jackie Presser
389(1)
Roy Williams
390(1)
Reagan and the International Longshoremen's Association
390(1)
Raymond Donovan
391(1)
Other Reagan Administration Ties to Organized Crime
391(1)
Payback
392(1)
Bill Clinton and the Whitewater Scandal
393(1)
The Bush Family: A Continuing Criminal Enterprise?
394(6)
The S&Ls, the Mob, and the Bushes
394(1)
Neil Bush: Taking Down Silverado
395(1)
Jeb Bush: Influence Peddling for a ``Bust-Out'' Scam
396(1)
George W. Bush: Insider Information, Oil, and Baseball
397(2)
Jonathan Bush: An Unregistered Broker
399(1)
Prescott Bush: The Yakuza's Frontman
399(1)
George H. Bush: Shutting Down the Organized Crime Strike Forces
399(1)
Organized Crime and the Business Community
400(1)
Reciprocity
400(1)
The Worlds of Meyer Lansky
401(11)
More on Las Vegas
404(1)
The Move to Florida
405(1)
Cuba
406(1)
The Banks
406(1)
The Bahamas
407(1)
Organized Crime, the CIA, and the Savings and Loan Scandal
408(1)
First National Bank of Maryland
408(1)
Palmer National Bank
409(1)
Indian Springs Bank
409(1)
Vision Banc Savings
410(1)
Hill Financial Savings
410(1)
Sunshine State Bank
410(1)
Mario Renda, Lender to the Mob
411(1)
Full-Service Banking
411(1)
International Activities
412(1)
Tax Havens
412(1)
The Industrialized World
412(1)
South America, Central America, and Mexico
412(1)
Mexico
412(1)
Honduras
413(1)
Guatemala
413(1)
Cost Rica and Nicaragua
413(1)
Argentina
413(1)
Other Financiers
413(3)
Moe Dalitz
413(1)
The Teamsters and the Dorfmans
414(1)
Ed Levinson
414(1)
Reuben Sturman
415(1)
Were There Others?
416(1)
What Have We Learned?
416(1)
Do You Recognize These Terms?
417(1)
Points of Discussion
417(1)
Suggested Reading
417(2)
Controlling Organized Crime
419(36)
Introduction
419(1)
The Police Response
420(5)
Police Jurisdiction
420(2)
Controlling Police Actions
422(1)
The Constitution and the Police
422(1)
Undercover Operations
422(2)
Informants
424(1)
Intelligence Operations
425(5)
Intelligence versus Criminal Investigations
426(1)
Intelligence Agencies
426(1)
Improving Intelligence Investigations
427(1)
Legal Initiatives against Organized Crime
428(1)
The 1986 Money-Laundering Control Act
429(1)
The 1988 Chemical and Diversion and Trafficking Act
429(1)
The USA Patriot Act of 2001
429(1)
The Internal Revenue Code
429(1)
Electronic Surveillance
430(1)
Asset Forfeiture
431(3)
Advantages of Civil Forfeiture
432(1)
Forfeiture of Attorney's Fees
432(2)
The RICO Statute
434(3)
RICO Basics
435(1)
Disadvantages of RICO
436(1)
Advantages of RICO
436(1)
The Continuing Criminal Enterprise Statute
437(1)
Conspiracy Laws
437(1)
The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act
438(1)
Multijurisdictional Task Forces
439(2)
The Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force
439(1)
The Investigative Grand Jury
440(1)
The Statewide Grand Jury
440(1)
The Witness Security Program
441(1)
Evaluating Efforts to Control Organized Crime
441(1)
The Headhunting Strategy
441(3)
The Effectiveness of Headhunting
442(1)
Problems with Headhunting
443(1)
Fighting Corruption
444(1)
Cleaning Up Money Laundries
444(1)
Drug Decriminalization
445(1)
Opposing Decriminalization
445(1)
Effectiveness of Organized Crime Prosecutions
446(1)
Why Won't It Die?
447(1)
The Future of Organized Crime
448(3)
Information Theft
449(1)
The Power of Legitimacy
449(1)
Satellite Technology
450(1)
The Nuclear Mafia
450(1)
What Have We Learned?
451(2)
Do You Recognize These Terms?
453(1)
Points of Discussion
453(1)
Suggested Reading
453(2)
Appendix A Selected Provisions from the 2001 USA Patriot Act 455(4)
Appendix B Chronology of White Supremacist Domestic Terrorist Incidents in the 1980s 459(6)
References 465(18)
Index 483

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