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| Preface | |
| Overfishing | |
| What is overfishing? | |
| What is a sustainable harvest? | |
| Can fisheries be sustainably harvested? | |
| Is overfishing a new problem? | |
| Why does sustainable fishing reduce the number of fish in the ocean? | |
| What is a collapsed fishery? | |
| I have heard stories of the Canadian cod, what happened? | |
| Why did the Canadian cod collapse? | |
| Are all cod fisheries collapsed? | |
| Historical overfishing | |
| Is overfishing a new problem? | |
| Can whales be sustainably harvested? | |
| How do we estimate the abundance of animals in the ocean? | |
| Can scientists estimate the sustainable yield? | |
| Is there any value in Japanese "research whaling"? | |
| Is depleting one population and moving onto the next a common problem? | |
| Recovery of Fisheries | |
| Can fish stocks recover from overfishing? | |
| How important is habitat to fish populations? | |
| What about the enormous numbers seen by John Smith? | |
| What is the difference between recruitment overfishing and growth overfishing? | |
| Can recreational and commercial fisheries co-exist? | |
| Modern industrial fisheries management | |
| What is an example of a well-managed fishery? | |
| What is different about the pollock fishery that makes it such a good example of sustainable management? | |
| Why does the allowable catch change so much from year to year? | |
| What is a stock assessment? | |
| What is an observer program? | |
| Why are there not more observer programs in world fisheries? | |
| What is a certified fishery? | |
| Why do some NGOs believe the Eastern Bering Sea pollock fishery is not well managed? | |
| Economic Overfishing | |
| Is overfishing only a biological problem? | |
| What are individual fishermen's quotas, the IFQs? | |
| What are the benefits of IFQs? | |
| What are the negative impacts of IFQs? | |
| What is economic overfishing? | |
| How economically efficient are world fisheries in general? | |
| How do we prevent economic overfishing? | |
| Are there ways to prevent the tragedy of the commons without privatizing fisheries? | |
| What are community development quotas? | |
| How does sector allocation work? | |
| What other mechanisms have been used to allocate fish? | |
| Climate and fisheries | |
| How does climate affect fish populations? | |
| Are many fisheries affected by climate? | |
| How can we tell if a fishery is declining because of climate or fishing pressure? | |
| What are going to be the impacts on fisheries from a warming ocean? | |
| What will be the impacts of ocean acidification? | |
| Mixed fisheries | |
| Do fisheries catch one species or more? | |
| What determines how hard a fish species can be harvested? | |
| How do we balance harvesting high- and low-productivity species in mixed fisheries? | |
| What is "underfishing"? | |
| Is it better to give up potential yield of productive species to keep unproductive species at high abundance? | |
| How can we manage fisheries to reduce the mixed nature of the fishery? | |
| High Seas Fisheries | |
| What is the status of bluefin tuna that were proposed for CITES listing? | |
| What is the status of tuna around the world? | |
| Are there examples of international fisheries management organizations that have been successful? | |
| Why are some tuna stocks under-exploited and others overexploited? | |
| Is there hope for managing these high-seas fisheries? | |
| Deepwater fisheries | |
| We hear a lot about the collapse of orange roughy stocks - what happened to them? | |
| Can very slow growing fish like orange roughy be sustainably managed? | |
| What is the experience with orange roughy in other countries? | |
| Does closing large sections of New Zealand's economic zone assure the sustainability of orange roughy? | |
| Should we have left potential orange roughy stocks unfished until we know more about their biology and ecosystem? | |
| How should we deal with new resources when their biology and sustainability is highly uncertain? | |
| Recreational fisheries | |
| Are recreational fisheries fundamentally different from commercial fisheries? | |
| What is the scale of recreational fishing in the United States and Europe? | |
| How does recreational fish management differ from managing commercial fisheries? | |
| How does freshwater recreational fisheries management differ from saltwater recreational fisheries? | |
| Does recreational fishing play a role in overfishing? | |
| Small scale and artisanal fisheries | |
| Many of the fisheries of the world are small scale - how can they be managed? | |
| Is Chile typical of small scale fisheries? | |
| How were fisheries managed prior to modern governmental fisheries agencies? | |
| What are the characteristics of territorial fishing rights? | |
| What are the general lessons for successful management of small scale fisheries? | |
| Illegal fishing | |
| Is illegal fishing an important problem in overfishing? | |
| Is the illegal fishing of Patagonian toothfish unusual? | |
| How can some toothfish fisheries be certified as well-managed while there remains substantial illegal harvesting? | |
| What methods can be used to reduce illegal fishing in international waters? | |
| Trawling impacts on ecosystems | |
| How do trawls and dredges work and why are they still used to catch fish? | |
| Is trawling the ocean like clear-cutting the forest? | |
| How long do ecosystems take to recover from trawling? | |
| Are there alternatives to trawling and dredging as ways to catch fish? | |
| Marine Protected Areas | |
| What are Marine Protected Areas? | |
| What do Marine Protected Areas protect? | |
| How much of the world's oceans are now closed to fishing? | |
| What is the impact of closing areas to fishing? | |
| Do MPAs increase the abundance of fish? | |
| Can MPAs solve some of the problems of overfishing? How much of the ocean should be set aside as protected from fishing | |
| Ecosystem impacts of fishing | |
| How does overfishing affect ecosystems? | |
| Are coral reefs particularly sensitive to fishing? | |
| What is a trophic cascade? | |
| Do forage fish need special protection? | |
| What is by-catch and how important is it? | |
| How does ecosystem based management differ from single species management? | |
| What is the precautionary approach to fisheries management? | |
| How many marine fish species are threatened with extinction? | |
| The status of overfishing | |
| Are the world's stocks overfished? | |
| What characterizes countries that have managed their fisheries well and those that have not? | |
| How important are subsidies in the current problem with fisheries? | |
| Is consumer action and certification an important part of stopping overfishing? | |
| How do the environmental costs of fishing compare to those of livestock? | |
| Should we all become vegetarians? | |
| What is needed to stop overfishing? | |
| Further Reading | |
| Index | |
| Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
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