The Oxford Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning

by Holyoak, Ph.D., Keith J.; Morrison, Ph.D., Robert G.

• ISBN13: 9780199734689
• ISBN10: 0199734682
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2012-03-21
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Thinking and reasoning, long the academic province of philosophy, have over the past century emerged as core topics of empirical investigation and theoretical analysis in the modern fields of cognitive psychology, cognitive science, and cognitive neuroscience. Formerly seen as too complicated and amorphous to be included in early textbooks on the science of cognition, the study of thinking and reasoning has since taken off, brancing off in a distinct direction from the field from which it originated. The Oxford Handbook of Thinking and Reasoningis a comprehensive and authoritative handbook covering all the core topics of the field of thinking and reasoning. Written by the foremost experts from cognitive psychology, cognitive science, and cognitive neuroscience, individual chapters summarize basic concepts and findings for a major topic, sketch its history, and give a sense of the directions in which research is currently heading. Chapters include introductions to foundational issues and methods of study in the field, as well as treatment of specific types of thinking and reasoning and their application in a broad range of fields including business, education, law, medicine, music, and science. The volume will be of interest to scholars and students working in developmental, social and clinical psychology, philosophy, economics, artificial intelligence, education, and linguistics.

Author Biography

Keith J. Holyoak, Ph.D., is a Distinguished Professor of Psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles.

Robert G. Morrison, Ph.D., is Assistant Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience at Loyola University Chicago.

Table of Contents

Thinking and Reasoning: A Reader's Guide

General Approaches to Thinking and Reasoning

Normative Systems: Logic, Probability, and Rational Choice

Bayesian Inference

Knowledge Representation

Computational Modeling of Higher Cognition

Neural Substrate of Thinking

Mental Function as Genetic Expression: Emerging Insights from Cognitive Neurogenetics

Deductive, Inductive and Abductive Reasoning

Dual-process Theories of Reasoning: Facts and fallacies

Inference in Mental Models

Similarity

Concepts and Categories: Memory, Meaning, and Metaphysics

Causal Learning and Inference

Analogy and Relational Reasoning

Explanation and Abductive Inference

Rational Argument

Judgment and Decision Making

Decision Making

Judgment Heuristics

Cognitive Hierarchies and Emotions in Behavioral Game Theory

Moral Judgment

Motivated Thinking

Problem Solving, Intelligence, and Creative Thinking

Problem Solving

On the Distinction between Rationality and Intelligence: Implications for Understanding Individual Differences in Reasoning

Cognition and the Creation of Ideas

Insight

Genius

Ontogeny, Phylogeny, Language and Culture

Development of Thinking in Children

The Human Enigma

Language and Thought

Thinking in Society and Culture

Modes of Thinking

Mathematical Cognition

Visuospatial Thinking

Gesture in Thought

Impact of Aging on Thinking

The Cognitive Neuroscience of Thought Disorder in Schizophrenia

Thinking in Practice

Scientific Thinking and Reasoning

Legal Reasoning

Barbara A. Spellman and Fred Schauer

Thinking in Business

Musical Thought

Learning to Think: Cognitive Mechanisms of Knowledge Transfer

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