Pathology And Microbiology For Mortuary Science

by Mullins, David F.

• ISBN13: 9781401825195
• ISBN10: 1401825192
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-09-06
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Pathology and Microbiology for Mortuary Science is a comprehensive book for the study of pathology and microbiology written for mortuary science students, as a resource for educators, and as a reference for funeral directors and embalmers. The book is designed around the current American Board of Funeral Service Education's Curriculum Outlines for pathology and microbiology. Quick reference appendices provide a review of pertinent anatomy and physiology. Case studies in chapters that discuss specific diseases allow learners to review the postmortem condition of human remains in relation to the disease.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
Introduction	xix
PART 1 PATHOLOGY
Introduction to Pathology	3	(18)
Humors and Disease	3	(1)
Humors	4	(1)
Cellular Theory of Disease	4	(1)
Divisions of Pathology	4	(1)
Plan of Study in Pathology	5	(1)
The Importance of Lesions	6	(1)
Autopsies	6	(1)
Trauma-Related Deaths	7	(14)
Drug Abuse	7	(1)
Cocaine	7	(1)
Heroin	8	(1)
Gunshot Wounds	8	(1)
Ballistics	8	(2)
Density and Elasticity of Tissues	10	(1)
Guns and Suicide	10	(1)
Electrical Injuries	11	(1)
Lightning	11	(1)
High Voltage	11	(1)
Low Voltage	12	(1)
Burns	12	(1)
Rule of Nines	12	(1)
Severity of Burns	12	(2)
Frostbite	14	(1)
Stabbing	14	(1)
Motor Vehicle Accidents	15	(6)
Nature of Disease	21	(11)
Disease, Disorders, and Illness	22	(1)
Descriptive Terminology	23	(2)
Lifespan Versus Longevity	25	(1)
Predisposing Conditions and Disease	26	(2)
Immediate Causes of Disease	28	(4)
Cellular Reaction to Injury	32	(11)
Cells and Their Environments	32	(1)
Potential Causes of Cellular Injury	33	(1)
Regressive Cellular Changes	33	(3)
Cellular Swelling	34	(1)
Fatty Degeneration	34	(1)
Amyloid Degeneration	34	(1)
Infiltration	34	(1)
Exogenous Pigmentation	35	(1)
Endogenous Pigmentation	35	(1)
Calcification	35	(1)
Gout	35	(1)
Cellular Death	36	(1)
Adaptive Responses to Cellular Injury	37	(6)
Atrophy	37	(1)
Hypertrophy	38	(1)
Hyperplasia	38	(1)
Metaplasia	39	(1)
Regeneration	40	(3)
Structural Abnormalities and Birth Defects	43	(9)
Structural Abnormalities and Birth Defects	43	(9)
Spina Bifida	44	(1)
Limb Deformities	45	(1)
Cleft Palate and Lip	45	(1)
Color Blindness	46	(1)
Vascular Nevus	47	(1)
Down Syndrome	47	(1)
Cystic Fibrosis	47	(1)
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome	48	(1)
Hernias	49	(3)
Inflammation	52	(9)
Function of Inflammation	52	(1)
Causes of Inflammation	53	(1)
Process of Inflammation	54	(3)
Inflammatory Lesions	55	(2)
Pus	57	(1)
Inflammatory Exudates	57	(1)
Outcomes of Inflammation	57	(4)
Disturbances in Circulation	61	(13)
Causes of Edema	62	(1)
Hyperemia	62	(2)
Ischemia and Hypoxia	64	(1)
Thrombosis	64	(2)
Embolism	66	(1)
Hemorrhage	67	(3)
Petechiae	67	(1)
Ecchymosis	67	(1)
Epistaxis	68	(1)
Hemoptysis	68	(1)
Hematemesis	68	(1)
Melena	69	(1)
Hematuria	69	(1)
Exsanguination	70	(1)
Postmortem Conditions Associated with Disturbances in Circulation	70	(4)
Neoplasms and Cysts	74	(20)
Cancer	74	(1)
Characteristics of Benign and Malignant Tumors	75	(1)
Tissue Origins of Tumors	76	(1)
Naming Tumors	77	(1)
Significant Benign Tumors	78	(3)
Benign Tumors of Epithelial Tissue	78	(1)
Adenomas	78	(1)
Papillomas	79	(1)
Polyps	79	(1)
Benign Tumors of Connective Tissue	80	(1)
Osteomas	80	(1)
Chondromas	80	(1)
Lipomas	80	(1)
Angiomas	80	(1)
Fibromas	80	(1)
Benign Tumors of Muscle Tissue	81	(1)
Rhabdomyomas	81	(1)
Leiomyomas	81	(1)
Benign Tumor of Nervous Tissue	81	(1)
Neuromas	81	(1)
Significant Malignant Tumors	81	(5)
Malignant Tumors of Epithelial Tissue	82	(1)
Melanomas	82	(1)
Squamous Cell Carcinomas	82	(1)
Adenocarcinomas	82	(1)
Transitional Cell Carcinomas	83	(1)
Basal Cell Carcinomas	83	(1)
Malignant Tumors of Connective Tissue	84	(1)
Osteosarcomas	84	(1)
Chondrosarcomas	84	(1)
Liposarcomas	84	(1)
Angiosarcomas	84	(1)
Fibrosarcomas	85	(1)
Lymphomas	85	(1)
Malignant Tumors of Muscle Tissue	85	(1)
Rhabdomyosarcomas	85	(1)
Leiomyosarcomas	86	(1)
Malignant Tumor of Nervous Tissue	86	(1)
Gliomas	86	(1)
Cysts	86	(1)
Ovarian Cysts	87	(1)
Sebaceous Cysts	87	(1)
Nonneoplastic Changes	87	(1)
Postmortem Conditions Associated with Neoplasms	88	(6)
Diseases of the Blood	94	(8)
Disorders of the Blood	94	(8)
Leukocytosis	95	(1)
Leukopenia	95	(1)
Anemia	95	(1)
Aplastic Anemia	95	(1)
Hemolytic Anemia	96	(1)
Pernicious Anemia	96	(1)
Sickle Cell Anemia	96	(1)
Leukemia	96	(1)
Polycythemia Vera	97	(1)
Hemophilia	98	(1)
Thrombocytopenia	98	(1)
Purpura	99	(1)
Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn	99	(3)
Diseases of the Heart and Blood Vessels	102	(17)
Disorders of the Heart	103	(6)
Congestive Heart Failure	103	(1)
Hypertrophy and Dilatation	104	(1)
Myocardial Infarction	105	(1)
Inflammatory Diseases of the Heart and Blood Vessels	106	(1)
Endocarditis	106	(1)
Pericarditis	107	(1)
Cardiomyopathy	107	(1)
Valvular Defects	108	(1)
Rheumatic Heart Disease	108	(1)
Hypertensive Heart Disease	108	(1)
Atrial Septal Defect	109	(1)
Vascular Disorders	109	(6)
Coronary Artery Disease	109	(1)
Arteriosclerosis	109	(2)
Atherosclerosis	111	(1)
Aneurysm	111	(1)
Hypertension	112	(1)
Arteritis	113	(1)
Takayasu's Arteritis	113	(1)
Temporal Arteritis	114	(1)
Phlebitis	114	(1)
Varicose Veins	115	(1)
Postmortem Conditions Associated with Diseases of the Heart and Blood Vessels	115	(4)
Diseases of the Digestive System	119	(23)
Disorders of the Digestive System	119	(17)
Gingivitis	120	(1)
Pharyngitis	120	(1)
Esophagitis	120	(1)
Gastritis	121	(1)
Ulcerative Colitis	121	(1)
Peptic Ulcers	122	(2)
Crohn's Disease	124	(1)
Enteritis	125	(1)
Colitis	125	(1)
Appendicitis	125	(1)
Hemorrhoids	126	(1)
Hepatitis	127	(1)
Jaundice	128	(1)
Cirrhosis	128	(1)
Cholelithiasis and Cholecystitis	129	(1)
Cholangitis	130	(1)
Pancreatitis	130	(1)
Peritonitis	131	(1)
Diverticulosis	131	(1)
Bronze Diabetes	131	(1)
Hernia	132	(1)
Stomach Cancer	132	(1)
Liver Cancer	133	(1)
Colorectal Cancer	134	(1)
Polyps	134	(1)
Obstructions	134	(2)
Postmortem Conditions Associated with Digestive Disorders	136	(6)
Diseases of the Respiratory System	142	(21)
Disorders of the Respiratory System	143	(15)
Rhinitis and Sinusitis	143	(1)
Pharyngitis and Laryngitis	144	(1)
Common Cold	144	(1)
Tracheitis	144	(1)
Bronchitis	145	(1)
Asthma	145	(1)
Pneumonia	145	(1)
Pleurisy	145	(1)
Tuberculosis	146	(1)
Pneumoconiosis	147	(1)
Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis	147	(1)
Silicosis	147	(1)
Asbestosis	148	(1)
Berylliosis	148	(1)
Atelectasis	149	(1)
Emphysema	149	(1)
Lung Abscess	149	(1)
Fungal Diseases	150	(1)
Cystic Fibrosis	151	(1)
Respiratory Polyps	151	(1)
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning	151	(1)
Flail Chest	152	(2)
Lung Cancer	154	(1)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	155	(1)
Hanging and Strangulation	155	(1)
Drowning	156	(2)
Postmortem Conditions Associated with Respiratory Disorders	158	(5)
Diseases of the Urinary System	163	(14)
Disorders of the Urinary System	163	(10)
Uremia	164	(1)
Bright's Disease	165	(1)
Glomerulonephritis	165	(1)
Urinary Tract Infections	166	(1)
Pyelitis and Pyelonephritis	166	(1)
Ureteritis	166	(1)
Cystitis	166	(1)
Urethritis	167	(1)
Hydronephrosis	168	(1)
Nephrolithiasis	169	(1)
Polycystic Kidney	169	(1)
Kidney Malformations	170	(1)
Renal Cell Carcinoma	171	(1)
Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder	171	(1)
Renal Failure	171	(2)
Dialysis	173	(1)
Postmortem Conditions Associated with Urinary Disorders	173	(4)
Diseases of the Nervous System	177	(18)
Disorders of the Nervous System	178	(8)
Meningitis	178	(1)
Hydrocephalus	178	(1)
Encephalitis	178	(2)
Myelitis	180	(1)
Neuritis	180	(1)
Epilepsy	180	(1)
Rabies	181	(1)
Multiple Sclerosis	182	(1)
Parkinson's Disease	182	(1)
Alzheimer's Disease	182	(2)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis	184	(1)
Glioma	184	(1)
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease	185	(1)
Cerebral Palsy	185	(1)
Spina Bifida	185	(1)
Strokes	185	(1)
Trauma of the Nervous System	186	(4)
Concussion and Contusion	187	(1)
Hematoma	188	(2)
Postmortem Conditions Associated with Nervous Disorders	190	(5)
Diseases of the Female Reproductive System	195	(12)
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System	195	(7)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease	196	(1)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases	196	(1)
Ectopic Pregnancy	196	(1)
Pre-Eclampsia and Eclampsia	197	(1)
Endometriosis	198	(1)
Ovarian Cysts	198	(2)
Cervical Cancer	200	(1)
Breast Cancer	200	(2)
Postmortem Conditions Associated with Female Reproductive System Disorders	202	(5)
Diseases of the Male Reproductive System	207	(9)
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System	207	(5)
Orchitis	208	(1)
Prostatitis	208	(1)
Hydrocele	209	(1)
Cryptorchism	209	(1)
Inguinal Hernia	210	(1)
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer	210	(1)
Testicular Cancer	211	(1)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases	212	(1)
Postmortem Conditions Associated with Male Reproductive System Disorders	212	(4)
Diseases of the Bones and Joints	216	(14)
Disorders of the Bones and Joints	216	(10)
Osteoporosis	217	(1)
Osteomyelitis	218	(1)
Osteomalacia and Rickets	219	(1)
Arthritis	220	(1)
Osteoarthritis	220	(1)
Rheumatoid Arthritis	221	(1)
Psoriatic Arthritis	221	(1)
Bursitis	222	(1)
Fractures	222	(2)
Scoliosis	224	(1)
Achondroplasia	225	(1)
Paget's Disease	226	(1)
Osteosarcoma	226	(1)
Postmortem Conditions Associated with Diseases of the Bones and Joints	226	(4)
Diseases of the Endocrine System	230	(12)
Diseases of the Pancreas	231	(1)
Diabetes Mellitus	231	(1)
Cancer of the Pancreas	232	(1)
Diseases of the Pituitary Gland	232	(2)
Acromegaly	232	(1)
Giantism and Dwarfism	233	(1)
Diabetes Insipidus	233	(1)
Diseases of the Thyroid Gland	234	(2)
Cretinism/Myxedema and Hypothyroidism	234	(1)
Graves' Disease and Hyperthyroidism	234	(1)
Goiter	235	(1)
Diseases of the Parathyroid	236	(1)
Hyperparathyroidism and Hypoparathyroidism	236	(1)
Diseases of the Adrenal Glands	236	(2)
Addison's Disease	236	(1)
Cushing's Syndrome	237	(1)
Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome	238	(1)
Postmortem Conditions Associated with Endocrine Gland Disorders	238	(4)
Diseases of the Integument	242	(8)
Disorders of the Integument	242	(5)
Acne	243	(1)
Abscess	243	(1)
Syphilis	244	(1)
Seborrheic Dermatitis	244	(1)
Psoriasis	244	(1)
Eczema	245	(1)
Vitiligo	245	(1)
Skin Cancer	245	(1)
Bedsores	245	(2)
Postmortem Conditions Associated with Disorders of the Integument	247	(3)
Diseases of the Lymphatic System	250	(9)
Disorders of the Lymphatic System	250	(2)
Tonsillitis	251	(1)
Lymphangitis	251	(1)
Splenomegaly	251	(1)
Lymphadenopathy	251	(1)
Lymphoma	252	(1)
Postmortem Conditions Associated with Diseases of the Lymphatic System	252	(7)
PART 2 MICROBIOLOGY
Introduction to Microbiology	259	(19)
Spontaneous Generation	260	(1)
Vaccination	261	(1)
Germ Theory of Disease	262	(1)
The Magic Bullet	263	(3)
Naming Microorganisms	266	(1)
Eukaryotic Cells Versus Prokaryotic Cells	267	(1)
Kingdoms	268	(1)
Divisions of Microbiology	269	(1)
Pathogenic Microorganisms	269	(9)
Bacteria	269	(1)
Mycoplasmas	270	(1)
Rickettsias	270	(1)
Chlamydia	270	(1)
Protozoa	271	(1)
Fungi	271	(1)
Viruses, Viroids, and Prions	272	(6)
Anatomy of Bacteria	278	(13)
Bacteria	278	(9)
Binary Fission	279	(1)
Morphology	279	(2)
Cell Wall Versus Cell Membrane	281	(1)
Cytoplasm	282	(1)
Glycocalyx and Capsules	282	(1)
Motility	282	(2)
Endospores	284	(3)
Microscopy	287	(4)
Fluid Suspensions	287	(1)
Smearing	287	(1)
Staining	288	(3)
Physiology of Bacteria	291	(9)
Requirements for the Survival of Microorganisms	291	(5)
Nutrients	292	(1)
Oxygen	293	(1)
Moisture Requirements	293	(1)
Temperature	294	(1)
pH	295	(1)
Light	295	(1)
Osmotic Pressure	295	(1)
Microbial Associations	296	(4)
Control of Microorganisms	300	(13)
Levels of Control	300	(1)
Physical Methods of Controlling Microorganisms	301	(4)
Scrubbing	301	(1)
Temperature	302	(1)
Incineration	302	(1)
Cremation	302	(1)
Dry Heat	302	(1)
Moist Heat	303	(1)
Cold	303	(1)
Light	304	(1)
Chemical Methods of Controlling Microorganisms	305	(8)
Factors Influencing Chemical Agents	305	(1)
Halogens	306	(1)
Chlorine	306	(1)
Iodine	307	(1)
Alcohols	308	(1)
Aldehydes	308	(1)
Phenolic Compounds	309	(1)
Carbolic Acid	309	(1)
Cresols	309	(1)
Hexachlorophene	309	(1)
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds	310	(3)
Microbe Virulence and Human Resistance	313	(25)
Factors Influencing the Occurrence of Disease	314	(1)
Virulence, Resistance, and Infection	314	(5)
Exogenous and Endogenous Infections	315	(1)
Communicable Diseases	315	(1)
Local, Focal, and General Infections	316	(1)
Primary, Secondary, and Mixed Infections	316	(1)
Blood Infections	316	(2)
Factors Influencing the Virulence of Microorganisms	318	(1)
Sources of the Spread of Disease	319	(4)
Human Reservoirs	319	(1)
Universal Precautions	320	(2)
Nonhuman Animal Reservoirs	322	(1)
Environmental Reservoirs	323	(1)
Modes of Transmission of Disease	323	(4)
Direct Transmission of Infection	323	(1)
Indirect Contact	324	(1)
Food and Water	324	(1)
Air	325	(1)
Zoonoses	325	(1)
Vectors	326	(1)
Portals of Entry and Exit for Pathogens	327	(2)
Skin and Mucous Membranes	327	(1)
Respiratory Tract	328	(1)
Digestive Tract	328	(1)
Genitourinary Tract	328	(1)
Placenta	329	(1)
Vehicles of Exit of Pathogens	329	(1)
Resistance of the Host Against Infection	329	(4)
Mechanical Defenses Against Infection	329	(2)
Physiological Defenses Against Infection	331	(1)
Chemical Defenses Against Infection	331	(1)
Lysozyme	332	(1)
Gastric Juice	332	(1)
Interferon	333	(1)
Human Immune System	333	(5)
Antigens and Antibodies	333	(1)
Types of Immunity	334	(1)
Innate Immunity	334	(1)
Acquired Immunity	334	(4)
Diseases Caused by Bacteria	338	(36)
Staphylococci	342	(3)
Food Poisoning Caused by Staphylococci	343	(1)
Skin and Wound Infections	344	(1)
Toxic Shock Syndrome	344	(1)
Nosocomial Infections	345	(1)
Streptococcus	345	(4)
Streptococcus agalactiae	345	(1)
Pneumococcal Meningitis	345	(1)
Otitis Media	346	(1)
Lobar Pneumonia	346	(1)
Strep Throat	347	(1)
Impetigo	348	(1)
Scarlet Fever	348	(1)
Rheumatic Fever	348	(1)
Childbirth Fever	349	(1)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae	349	(1)
Neisseria meningitidis	350	(1)
Clostridium	351	(2)
Botulism	351	(1)
Food Intoxication	352	(1)
Tetanus	352	(1)
Gas Gangrene	352	(1)
Tissue Gas	353	(1)
Corynebacteria	353	(1)
Diphtheria	354	(1)
Francisella tularensis	354	(1)
Mycobacterium avium	355	(1)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis	355	(1)
Spirochetes	356	(4)
Leptospira interrogans	357	(1)
Borrelia burgdorferi	357	(1)
Treponema pallidum	358	(1)
Primary Stage	359	(1)
Secondary Stage	360	(1)
Tertiary Stage	360	(1)
Vibrio cholerae	360	(1)
Bacillus anthracis	361	(1)
Cutaneous Anthrax	361	(1)
Inhalation Anthrax	362	(1)
Gastrointestinal Anthrax	362	(1)
Bordetella	362	(1)
Whooping Cough	362	(1)
DTaP Vaccine	363	(1)
Enterics	363	(3)
Escherichia coli	363	(1)
Klebsiella pneumoniae	364	(1)
Proteus Species	364	(1)
Food Infection	365	(1)
Typhoid Fever	365	(1)
Shigella Species	366	(1)
Yersinia pestis	366	(1)
Haemophilus influenzae	367	(1)
Gastroenteritis and Stomach Ulcers	367	(2)
Legionella pneumophilia	369	(1)
Listeria monocytogenes	369	(5)
Diseases Caused by Mycoplasmas, Rickettsias, or Chlamydias	374	(10)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae	376	(1)
Rickettsia	377	(2)
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever	377	(1)
Typhus	377	(1)
Q Fever	378	(1)
Chlamydia	379	(5)
Chlamydial Pneumonia	379	(1)
Chlamydia trachomatis	380	(1)
Parrot Fever	380	(4)
Diseases Caused by Prions or Viruses	384	(25)
Prions	384	(2)
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease	385	(1)
Prion-Suspected Diseases	386	(1)
Viruses	386	(23)
Dermatropic (Skin) Diseases	387	(1)
Smallpox	387	(2)
Monkeypox	389	(1)
Measles	390	(1)
German Measles	390	(2)
Chickenpox and Shingles	392	(1)
Herpes	392	(1)
Cold Sores	392	(1)
Genital Herpes	392	(2)
Pneumotropic (Respiratory Tract) Diseases	394	(1)
Influenza	394	(1)
Common Cold	394	(1)
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome	395	(1)
SARS	395	(1)
Neurotropic (Central Nervous System) Diseases	396	(1)
Rabies	396	(1)
Polio	396	(1)
Encephalitis	397	(1)
West Nile	397	(1)
Viscerotropic (Visceral) Diseases	397	(1)
Hepatitis	397	(1)
Hepatitis A	398	(1)
Hepatitis B	398	(1)
Hepatitis C	399	(1)
Mononucleosis	400	(1)
Inclusion Disease	400	(1)
Mumps	400	(1)
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever	401	(1)
Immunological Disease	402	(1)
AIDS	402	(7)
Diseases of Fungi and Protozoa	409	(16)
Fungi	409	(7)
Dermatomycoses	411	(1)
Coccidioidomycosis	412	(1)
Histoplasmosis	412	(1)
Candidiasis	412	(1)
Fungal Meningitis	413	(1)
Aspergillosis	414	(1)
Pneumocystis Pneumonia	415	(1)
Protozoa	416	(9)
Amebiasis	416	(1)
Malaria	417	(1)
Toxoplasmosis	418	(1)
African Sleeping Sickness	419	(1)
East African Sleeping Disease	419	(1)
West African Sleeping Disease	420	(1)
Giardiasis	420	(1)
Cryptosporidiosis	421	(4)
Appendix A The Autopsy	425	(3)
Appendix B Cellular Anatomy	428	(5)
Appendix C Blood	433	(8)
Appendix D Anatomy of the Heart and Blood Vessels	441	(9)
Appendix E Anatomy of the Digestive System	450	(9)
Appendix F Anatomy of the Respiratory System	459	(4)
Appendix G Anatomy of the Urinary System	463	(6)
Appendix H Anatomy of the Nervous System	469	(10)
Appendix I Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System	479	(6)
Appendix J Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System	485	(4)
Appendix K Anatomy of the Skeletal System	489	(6)
Appendix L Anatomy of the Endocrine System	495	(4)
Appendix M Anatomy of the Integumentary System	499	(4)
Appendix N Anatomy of the Lymphatic System	503	(6)
Appendix O Answers to Review Questions	509	(8)
Glossary	517	(10)
Index	527