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9780130480699

Philosopher's Way, Teaching and Learning Classroom Edition, The: Thinking Critically About Profound Ideas

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780130480699

  • ISBN10:

    013048069X

  • Edition: CD
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2005-01-01
  • Publisher: Prentice Hall
  • View Upgraded Edition
  • Purchase Benefits
List Price: $100.80

Summary

This dynamic volume is designed to teach readers to become critical thinkers as they explore the influential thinkers and central themes of Philosophy from ancient times to the present. In addition to the conceptual and language subject matter, this presentation ignites readers' sense of wonder through an innovative design, substantive readings, innovative writing assignments and thinking activities that provide readers with the opportunity to learn and practice the conceptual abilities needed to think philosophically. The volume examines thinking philosophically about life, consciousness, identity and the soul, freedom and determinism, developing enlightened values, exploring ways of being religious, constructing knowledge and discovering truth, developing an integrated view of reality, understanding creative expression and political forms, as well as social justice, and concepts of utopia. For individuals interested in learning to think philosophically.

Table of Contents

Teaching and Learning Classroom Resources xxiv
Preface xxvi
The Primary Source Contents xxx
What is Philosophy? Thinking Philosophically About Life
2(42)
Philosophy: The Art of Wonder
4(2)
``Having'' a Philosophy Versus ``Doing'' Philosophy
6(2)
Think Philosophically My Philosophy of Life
8(1)
Becoming a Critical Thinker
8(2)
What Is Philosophy?
10(1)
Think Critically Who Is a Critical Thinker?
10(1)
Definitions of Philosophy
11(5)
The Origins of Philosophy
12(2)
The Activity of Philosophy
14(1)
The Role of Conflict in Philosophy
14(1)
The Ultimate Aim of Philosophy
15(1)
Think Critically Defining Philosophy
16(1)
Thinking Critically About Philosophical Issues
16(5)
What Is My Initial Point of View?
17(1)
How Can I Define My Point of View More Clearly?
17(1)
What Is an Example of My Point of View?
18(1)
What Is the Origin of My Point of View?
18(1)
What Are My Assumptions?
18(1)
What Are the Reasons, Evidence and Arguments That Support My Point of View?
19(1)
What Are Other Points of View on This Issue?
19(1)
What Is My Conclusion, Decision, Solution, or Prediction?
20(1)
What Are the Consequences?
21(1)
Think Critically Analyze an Issue
21(1)
Traditional Branches of Philosophy
21(1)
Metaphysics
22(5)
Think Philosophically What Is Reality
23(2)
Think Philosophically Am I Free?
25(2)
Think Philosophically Religious Beliefs
27(1)
Epistemology
27(3)
Think Philosophically Constructing Knowledge
29(1)
Think Philosophically Seeking Wisdom
30(1)
Ethics
30(2)
Think Philosophically Making Moral Decisions
32(1)
Political & Social Philosophy
32(2)
Aesthetics
34(1)
Logic & Critical Thinking
35(1)
Bertrand Russell: The Value of Philosophy
36(3)
The Value of Philosophy Bertrand Russell
36(2)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Bertrand Russell
38(1)
Making Connections: The Search for a Meaningful Life
39(3)
Think Philosophically Examining My Life
41(1)
Concept Review
42(1)
Media Resources
43(1)
What Is The Philosopher's Way? Socrates and the Examined Life
44(44)
Socrates's Cure for Sleepwalking Through Life
46(1)
Socrates: A Model for Humanity
46(2)
Think Philosophically Archetypal Figures
47(1)
A Man of Greece
48(1)
The Socratic Midwife
49(1)
Think Philosophically Know Thyself
49(1)
The Wisest of Men?
50(2)
Think Philosophically Wisdom and Humility
52(1)
The Socratic Method
52(1)
The Republic Plato
53(4)
Think Critically Does Might Make Right?
57(1)
Life at the Agora
57(2)
Think Critically Giving Birth to Ideas
59(1)
The State of Your Soul
59(1)
The Apology Plato
60(3)
Think Philosophically The Core Teachings of Socrates
63(1)
The Trial and Death of Socrates
63(18)
Think Critically Argument and Persuasion
66(4)
Think Critically Influences on Character
70(3)
Think Critically Justice and Mob Mentality
73(1)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Socrates
74(1)
Think Critically Emotional Appeals
75(2)
Think Critically What Would I Die For?
77(2)
Think Critically Analyzing Socrates
79(2)
Making Connections: Socrates' Legacy
81(2)
Students Thinking About Philosophy: A Socratic Dialogue
83(4)
Concept Review
87(1)
Media Resources
87(1)
Who am I? Consciousness, Identity, and the Soul
88(66)
Know Thyself?
90(2)
Think Philosophically Do I Know Myself?
91(1)
Socrates and Plato: The Soul Is Immortal
92(1)
Phaedo Plato
92(4)
Think Philosophically The Soul and The Self
95(1)
Phaedrus Plato
96(2)
Think Philosophically Balancing Reason, Appetite, and Spirit
98(1)
Woman as Body Elizabeth V. Spelman
98(2)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Elizabeth Spelman
100(1)
St. Augustine: Plato and Christianity
100(2)
Think Philosophically Platonic Concepts of the Self
102(1)
Rene Descartes: A Modern Perspective on the Self
102(1)
Rene Descartes: Meditations on First Philosophy
103(6)
Think Critically Seeking After Truth
105(3)
Think Critically My Body, My Self?
108(1)
John Locke: The Self Is Consciousness
109(1)
On Personal Identity John Locke
110(6)
Think Philosophically Analyzing John Locke
112(4)
Think Philosophically The Conscious Self
116(1)
David Hume: There Is No Self
116(1)
On Personal Identity David Hume
116(3)
The Simile of the Chariot Milindapanha
119(1)
Think Philosophically Empiricism and the Self
119(1)
Immanuel Kant: We Construct the Self
120(1)
Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics Immanuel Kant
120(2)
Critique of Pure Reason Immanuel Kant
122(2)
Think Critically Sense, Perception, and Your Self
123(1)
Think Critically Searching for the Self
124(1)
Sigmund Freud: There Are Two Selves, One Conscious, One Unconscious
124(7)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Sigmund Freud
129(2)
What You See Is the Real You Willard Gaylin
131(1)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Willard Gaylin
132(1)
Gilbert Ryle: The Self Is How You Behave
132(1)
The Concept of Mind Gilbert Ryle
133(5)
Think Critically Self as Behavior
137(1)
Materialism: The Self Is the Brain
138(1)
On Eliminative Materialism Paul M. Churchland
138(4)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Eliminitive Materialism
142(1)
Edmund Husserl & Maurice Merleau-Ponty: The Self Is Embodied Subjectivity
142(4)
Think Philosophically Applying Phenomenology
145(1)
Waking from Sleep
145(1)
Recognizing Another Person
146(1)
Describing a Previous Relationship
146(1)
Making Connections: In Search of the Self
146(2)
Students Thinking About Philosophy: Perspectives On the Self
148(4)
Concept Review
152(1)
Media Resources
153(1)
Am I Free? Freedom and Determinism
154(60)
Why Do People Act as They Do?
157(4)
Think Philosophically My Theory of Human Behavior
158(3)
Because You Are Free . . .
161(3)
Think Critically My Assumptions of Freedom
163(1)
Determinism: All Human Actions Are Determined---Freedom Is an Illusion
164(2)
Paul Henri Thiry, Baron d'Holbach: The System of Nature
166(1)
The System of Nature Baron d'Holbach
166(10)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Baron d'Holbach
168(6)
Think Philosophically Do I Choose Freely?
174(2)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Baron d'Holbach
176(1)
Indeterminism: Some Human Actions Are Not Determined---Freedom is Possible
176(1)
William James: Believing in Free Will is More Rational
176(1)
The Will to Believe William James
177(10)
Think Philosophically Analyzing William James
186(1)
Jean-Paul Sartre: We Are Condemned to Be Free
187(1)
Existentialism Is a Humanism Jean-Paul Sartre
187(9)
Think Critically Freedom, Choice, and Responsibility
196(1)
Personal Freedom: Creating a Synthesis
196(4)
Increasing Freedom by Eliminating Constraints
200(3)
Myth #1: Freedom Means Simply Making A Choice
200(1)
Myth #2: Freedom Is Limited to Choosing from Available Options
200(1)
Myth #3: Freedom Means Simply ``Doing What You Want''
201(2)
Think Critically What Are the Limitations to My Freedom?
203(1)
Jean Grimshaw: Feminist Analysis of Freedom
203(1)
Autonomy and Identity in Feminist Thinking Jean Grimshaw
203(3)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Jean Grimshaw
206(1)
Making Connections: Increasing Your Freedom
206(2)
Think Critically Increasing Your Freedom
207(1)
Students Thinking About Philosophy: Creating Your Own Synthesis
208(4)
Concept Review
212(1)
Media Resources
213(1)
What is Morality? Developing Enlightened Values
214(56)
Your Moral Compass
216(1)
What Is Ethics?
217(2)
Think Philosophically Who Is a Moral Person?
218(1)
What Are My Moral Values?
219(3)
Think Critically What Are My Moral Values?
220(1)
Think Critically Making Moral Decisions
221(1)
Ethical Theories
222(1)
Ethical Subjectivism: Each Person Determines What Is Morally Right
223(5)
Think Critically How ``Ethically Subjective'' Are My Ethics?
228(1)
Cultural Relativism: Each Culture Determines What is Morally Right
228(2)
Anthropology and the Abnormal Ruth Benedict
230(4)
Think Critically Cultural Relativism and My Moral Perspective
233(1)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Ruth Benedict
234(1)
Ethical Absolutism: Some Moral Values Are Universal and Apply to All Individuals and Cultures
234(1)
The Concept of Morals W.T. Stace
235(8)
Think Critically Ethical Relativism and My Moral Values
242(1)
Ethical Egoism: Pursue Your Own Self-Interest
243(1)
The Republic, The Myth of Gyges Plato
243(3)
Think Philosophically Analyzing the Myth of Gyges
245(1)
Ayn Rand: Rational Egoism
246(1)
The Virtue of Selfishness Ayn Rand
246(3)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Ayn Rand
249(1)
James Rachels: Egoism Is a Flawed Theory
249(1)
Egoism and Moral Skepticism James Rachels
250(6)
Think Philosophically Analyzing James Rachels
255(1)
Morality and Religion
256(3)
Think Critically Religion and My Ethics
256(3)
Thomas Aquinas: Natural Law Ethics
259(4)
Think Critically Natural Law and My Beliefs
260(3)
Letter from a Birmingham Jail Martin Luther King
263(1)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
264(1)
On Becoming and Ethical Person
264(1)
The Disparity Between Intellect and Character Robert Coles
264(3)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Robert Coles
267(1)
Making Connections: Your Moral Compass Revisited
267(1)
Concept Review
268(1)
Media Resources
269(1)
What Is Morality? Constructing an Ethical Theory
270(70)
Utilitarianism: The Greatest Good for the Greatest Number
272(2)
An Introduction to the Principles of Moral and Legislation Jeremy Bentham
274(6)
Think Critically Hedonistic Calculus and Ethical Controversy
277(3)
Utilitarianism John Stuart Mill
280(3)
Think Philosophically Applying Utilitarianism
282(1)
Peter Singer: Utilitarianism and Animal Rights
283(1)
Animal Liberation Peter Singer
283(4)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Peter Singer
287(1)
Immanuel Kant: Moral Duty Is Based on Reason
287(3)
Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals Immanuel Kant
290(9)
Think Critically The Categorical Imperative and My Moral Compass
294(4)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Immanuel Kant
298(1)
Aristotle: Virtue Ethics and Becoming a Virtuous Person
299(1)
The Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle
300(10)
Think Philosophically What Is My Moral Character?
301(8)
Think Critically Do I Have a Virtuous Character?
309(1)
Relations Between Utilitarianism, Deontology, and Virtue Ethics
310(2)
Think Critically Comparing Different Ethical Theories
312(1)
Existentialist Ethics: Living an Authentic Life
312(2)
On the Dedication to ``That Single Individual'' Søren Kierkegaard
314(5)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Søren Kierkegaard
319(1)
Existentialism Is a Humanism Jean Paul-Sartre
319(5)
Ethics of Ambiguity Simone de Beauvoir
324(2)
The Myth of Sisyphus Albert Camus
326(2)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Albert Camus
328(1)
The Ethics of Care
328(1)
Caring: A Feminine Approach to Ethics and Moral Education Nel Noddings
329(4)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Nel Noddings
333(1)
Making Connections: Choosing to Be a Moral Person
333(1)
Students Thinking About Philosophy: Analyzing Moral Choices in a Film or Novel
334(4)
Concept Review
338(1)
Media Resources
339(1)
What is Religion? Exploring Ways of Being Religious
340(72)
Your Religious Beliefs
342(2)
Think Philosophically My Religious Beliefs
342(2)
Philosophy of Religion
344(4)
Think Critically My Concept of Religion
347(1)
Religions of the World
348(1)
Indigenous Sacred Ways
348(3)
Relationships with Spirit
349(1)
Kinship with All Creation
349(1)
Spiritual Specialists
350(1)
Group Observances
350(1)
Buddhism
351(3)
The Four Noble Truths of Suffering
352(1)
The Eightfold Path of Liberation
353(1)
The Wheel of Birth and Death
353(1)
Nirvana
354(1)
Hinduism
354(3)
Contemplation of the Luminous Self
355(1)
Reincarnation
355(1)
Karma
356(1)
Yogic Practices
356(1)
Fire Sacrifices
356(1)
Castes
356(1)
Taoism
357(2)
Judaism and Christianity
359(9)
Judaism
359(1)
The Chosen People
360(1)
Religious Stories, Holidays and Rituals
360(1)
Core Religious Beliefs
361(1)
The Messiah
362(1)
Christianity
363(1)
The Life and Teachings of Jesus
363(4)
Who Was Jesus?
367(1)
Islam
368(4)
The Five Pillars of Islam
370(1)
Sufism
371(1)
Common Threads Dorothea Kuhnemann-Crow
372(2)
Think Critically Expanding My Religious Understanding
374(1)
Thinking Critically About Religion
374(1)
How Valid are Religious Claims?
375(1)
Friedrich Nietzsche: God Is Dead
375(2)
Beyond Good and Evil Friedrich Nietzsche
377(1)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Friedrich Nietzche
378(1)
Mary Daly: Patriarchal Religion Is Destructive
378(1)
The Leap Beyond Patriarchal Religion Mary Daly
379(2)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Mary Daly
380(1)
The Experience of the Holy
381(1)
Mysticism, The Varieties of Religious Experience William James
381(3)
Think Philosophically Analyzing William James
384(1)
Ways of Seeking Spiritual Enlightenment
384(1)
Seeking Spirituality Through Reason: ``Proofs'' for God
385(1)
Summa Theologica Thomas Aquinas
386(2)
Natural Theology William Paley
388(2)
Critique of Practical Reason, God as a Postulate of Practical Reason Immanuel Kant
390(1)
Why I Am Not a Christian Bertrand Russell
391(3)
Think Critically Evaluating Arguments for Religion
394(1)
Seeking Spirituality Through Faith
394(1)
The Leap of Faith and the Limits of Reason Søren Kierkegaard
395(1)
Concluding Unscientific Postscript Søren Kierkegaard
396(3)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Kierkegaard
398(1)
The Problem of Evil
399(1)
The Philosophy of Religion, God Can Allow Some Evil John Hick
400(4)
Think Philosophically Analyzing John Hick
403(1)
Making Connections: Reflections on Philosophy of Religion
404(1)
Students Thinking About Philosophy: Analyzing the Concept of ``God''
405(4)
Concept Review
409(1)
Media Resources
410(2)
What is Real? What is True? Discovering Reality and Constructing Knowledge (Part 1)
412(46)
Metaphysics and Epistemology
414(1)
The Problems of Philosophy Bertrand Russell
415(5)
Think Philosophically How Do I Know What Is ``Real''?
419(1)
Plato: Reality is the Eternal Realm of the Forms
420(5)
The Divided Line
422(2)
Plato's Theory of Innate Ideas
424(1)
The Meno Plato
425(1)
Think Critically Is Knowledge Innate?
426(1)
Plato's Allegory of the Cave: The Journey from Ignorance to Knowledge
426(1)
The Republic Plato
426(4)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Plato's Allegory of the Cave
430(1)
Aristotle: Reality Is the Natural World
430(3)
Forms
432(1)
Matter
432(1)
Entelechy
433(1)
The Four Causes
433(1)
Metaphysics Aristotle
433(3)
Material Cause
434(1)
Formal Cause
434(1)
Efficient Cause
434(1)
Final Cause
434(1)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Aristotle
435(1)
The Epistemology of Everyday Life
436(1)
Developing Informed Beliefs
436(3)
Think Critically How Informed Are My Philosophical Beliefs?
438(1)
The Nature of Beliefs
439(3)
Think Critically Evaluating the Accuracy of My Beliefs
442(1)
Philosophical Foundations of Knowledge
442(3)
Skepticism
444(1)
Rationalism
444(1)
Empiricism
444(1)
Constructivism
444(1)
Rene Descartes: Cogito, Ergo Sum
445(1)
Meditations on First Philosophy (Meditation 1) Rene Descartes
445(6)
Meditations on First Philosophy (Meditation 2) Rene Descartes
451(3)
Meditations on First Philosophy (Meditation 6) Rene Descartes
454(2)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Descartes' Radical Doubt
455(1)
Making Connections: Searching for Reality
456(1)
Concept Review
456(1)
Media Resources
457(1)
What is Real? What is True? Discovering Reality and Constructing Knowledge (Part 2)
458(62)
Empiricism, Rationalism, Kantism
460(1)
John Locke: The Mind is ``Tabula Rasa''
460(1)
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding John Locke
461(2)
New Essays on the Human Understanding Gottfried Wilhelm von Liebniz
463(8)
Locke's Causal Theory of Perception
464(6)
Think Philosophically Analyzing John Locke
470(1)
Bishop George Berkeley: ``To Be Is to Be Perceived''
471(1)
A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge George Berkeley
471(5)
Think Philosophically Analyzing George Berkeley
475(1)
David Hume: ``Commit it (Metaphysics) to the Flames''
476(1)
An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding David Hume
477(8)
Think Philosophically Analyzing David Hume
485(1)
Immanuel Kant: We Constitute Our World
485(1)
Prologemana to Any Future Metaphysics Immanuel Kant
486(8)
Critique of Pure Reason Immanuel Kant
494(10)
Two Realities: Phenomenal and Noumenal
499(3)
Three Accounts of the Assassination of Malcolm X
502(1)
Think Critically How Do I Construct Knowledge?
502(2)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Immanuel Kant
504(1)
Alision M. Jaggar: Feminist Epistemology
504(1)
Emotion in Feminist Epistemology Alison Jaggar
505(8)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Alison M. Jaggar
513(1)
Making Connections: Knowledge and Truth
513(1)
Students Thinking About Philosophy: Philosophical Analysis of Popular Culture
514(3)
Concept Review
517(2)
Media Resources
519(1)
What is Social Justice? Creating a Just State
520(74)
Creating a Just Society
522(2)
Think Philosophically Examining My Society
523(1)
Social and Political Philosophies
524(1)
Plato: Society Should Be Based on Function and Harmony
525(1)
The Republic Plato
526(3)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Plato's Political Ideas
528(1)
Aristotle: ``Every State Is a Community of Some Kind''
529(1)
Politics Aristotle
529(2)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Aristotle's Political Views
531(1)
Thomas Hobbes: The War of All Against All
531(2)
Leviathan Thomas Hobbes
533(4)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Thomas Hobbes
537(1)
John Locke: Life, Liberty, and Property
537(1)
The Second Treatise of Civil Government John Locke
538(4)
The Declaration of Independence: A Transcription Thomas Jefferson et al.
542(2)
Think Philosophically Analyzing John Locke
544(1)
David Hume: There Is No ``State of Nature''
544(2)
Think Critically Government, Law and Human Nature
545(1)
John Rawls: ``Justice as Fairness''
546(1)
A Theory of Justice John Rawls
546(4)
Think Critically Creating A Just Society
547(2)
Think Philosophically Analyzing John Rawls
549(1)
Karl Marx: Justice Is Based on Need and Ability
550(1)
Manifesto of the Communist Party Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
551(11)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
561(1)
John Stuart Mill: Justice Is What Promotes the General Welfare
562(1)
Utilitarianism John Stuart Mill
562(5)
On Liberty John Stuart Mill
567(9)
Think Philosophically Analyzing John Stuart Mill
575(1)
Susan Moller Okin: Justice Must Involve Gender Equality
576(1)
Justice, Gender, and the Family Susan Okin
576(8)
Think Philosophically Analyzing Susan Moller Okin
583(1)
Making Connections: An Ideal Society
584(1)
Students Thinking About Philosophy: Designing My Ideal Society
585(6)
Concept Review
591(2)
Media Resources
593(1)
Credits 594(8)
Index 602

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