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9780073312750

The Physical Universe

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780073312750

  • ISBN10:

    0073312754

  • Edition: 12th
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2007-01-08
  • Publisher: McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math
  • View Upgraded Edition
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List Price: $26.11

Summary

This is an outstanding text with a long history that has been updated and given a fresh look, including worked examples pulled out of the text into numbered boxes. The text is now also accompanied by stronger media support with "CPS" eInstruction student response system questions, more extensive online quizzing, and PowerPoint lectures. Aimed at presenting the essentials of physics, chemistry, earth science, and astronomy in a clear, easy-to-understand way, The Physical Universe shows students how science works, how scientists approach problems, and why science constantly evolves in its search for understanding. The text can also be packaged with its long time companion student study guide, which includes a review of chapter terms and concepts; self quizzing for extra practice; and solved problems from the text.

Table of Contents

Prefacep. xii
The Scientific Methodp. 1
How Scientists Study Naturep. 2
The Scientific Methodp. 2
Why Science Is Successfulp. 5
The Solar Systemp. 8
A Survey of the Skyp. 8
The Ptolemaic Systemp. 10
The Copernican Systemp. 12
Kepler's Lawsp. 14
Why Copernicus Was Rightp. 16
Universal Gravitationp. 18
What Is Gravity?p. 18
Why the Earth Is Roundp. 20
The Tidesp. 21
The Discovery of Neptunep. 23
How Many of Whatp. 24
The SI Systemp. 24
Important Terms and Ideasp. 27
Multiple Choicep. 28
Exercisesp. 29
Motionp. 31
Describing Motionp. 32
Speedp. 32
Vectorsp. 35
Accelerationp. 36
Distance, Time, and Accelerationp. 38
Acceleration of Gravityp. 40
Free Fallp. 40
Air Resistancep. 44
Force and Motionp. 46
First Law of Motionp. 46
Massp. 47
Second Law of Motionp. 48
Mass and Weightp. 51
Third Law of Motionp. 52
Gravitationp. 54
Circular Motionp. 54
Newton's Law of Gravityp. 56
Artificial Satellitesp. 58
Important Terms and Ideasp. 62
Important Formulasp. 62
Multiple Choicep. 62
Exercisesp. 65
Energyp. 71
Workp. 72
The Meaning of Workp. 72
Powerp. 75
Energyp. 76
Kinetic Energyp. 76
Potential Energyp. 79
Energy Transformationsp. 81
Conservation of Energyp. 83
The Nature of Heatp. 83
Momentump. 84
Linear Momentump. 85
Rocketsp. 88
Angular Momentump. 88
Relativityp. 90
Special Relativityp. 91
Rest Energyp. 92
General Relativityp. 95
Energy and Civilizationp. 97
The Energy Problemp. 97
The Futurep. 100
Important Terms and Ideasp. 104
Important Formulasp. 104
Multiple Choicep. 105
Exercisesp. 107
Matter and Heatp. 111
Temperature and Heatp. 112
Temperaturep. 112
Heatp. 115
Metabolic Energyp. 117
Fluidsp. 119
Densityp. 119
Pressurep. 120
Buoyancyp. 123
The Gas Lawsp. 126
Kinetic Theory of Matterp. 130
Kinetic Theory of Gasesp. 131
Molecular Motion and Temperaturep. 132
Changes of Statep. 134
Liquids and Solidsp. 134
Evaporation and Boilingp. 135
Meltingp. 137
Energy Transformationsp. 140
Heat Enginesp. 140
Thermodynamicsp. 142
Fate of The Universep. 145
Entropyp. 145
Important Terms and Ideasp. 147
Important Formulasp. 148
Multiple Choicep. 148
Exercisesp. 151
Electricity and Magnetismp. 157
Electric Chargep. 158
Positive and Negative Chargep. 158
What Is Charge?p. 160
Coulomb's Lawp. 162
Force on an Uncharged Objectp. 164
Electricity and Matterp. 165
Matter in Bulkp. 165
Conductors and Insulatorsp. 166
Superconductivityp. 168
Electric Currentp. 169
The Amperep. 169
Potential Differencep. 171
Ohm's Lawp. 174
Electric Powerp. 175
Magnetismp. 178
Magnetsp. 179
Magnetic Fieldp. 180
Oersted's Experimentp. 181
Electromagnetsp. 184
Using Magnetismp. 185
Magnetic Force on a Currentp. 185
Electric Motorsp. 187
Electromagnetic Inductionp. 188
Transformersp. 191
Important Terms and Ideasp. 193
Important Formulasp. 194
Multiple Choicep. 194
Exercisesp. 197
Wavep. 201
Wave Motionp. 202
Water Wavesp. 202
Transverse and Longitudinal Wavesp. 203
Describing Wavesp. 204
Standing Wavesp. 207
Sound Wavesp. 208
Soundp. 208
Doppler Effectp. 210
Musical Soundsp. 211
Electromagnetic Wavesp. 214
Electromagnetic Wavesp. 214
Types of EM Wavesp. 216
Light "Rays"p. 219
Wave Behaviorp. 219
Reflectionp. 219
Refractionp. 220
Lensesp. 224
The Eyep. 228
Colorp. 231
Interferencep. 234
Diffractionp. 237
Important Terms and Ideasp. 239
Important Formulasp. 240
Multiple Choicep. 240
Exercisesp. 243
The Nucleusp. 247
Atom and Nucleusp. 248
Rutherford Model of the Atomp. 248
Nuclear Structurep. 250
Radioactivityp. 252
Radioactive Decayp. 253
Half-Lifep. 256
Radiation Hazardsp. 257
Nuclear Energyp. 259
Units of Mass and Energyp. 259
Binding Energyp. 260
Binding Energy per Nucleonp. 262
Fission and Fusionp. 263
Nuclear Fissionp. 263
How a Reactor Worksp. 266
Plutoniump. 267
A Nuclear World?p. 267
Nuclear Fusionp. 271
Elementary Particlesp. 274
Antiparticlesp. 274
Fundamental Interactionsp. 276
Leptons and Hadronsp. 279
A Physicist at Workp. 280
Important Terms and Ideasp. 282
Multiple Choicep. 282
Exercisesp. 284
The Atomp. 287
Quantum Theory of Lightp. 288
Photoelectric Effectp. 288
Photonsp. 289
What Is Light?p. 292
X-Raysp. 293
Matter Wavesp. 295
De Broglie Wavesp. 295
Waves of What?p. 297
Uncertainty Principlep. 298
The Hydrogen Atomp. 300
Atomic Spectrap. 300
The Bohr Modelp. 302
Electron Waves and Orbitsp. 305
The Laserp. 306
Quantum Theory of the Atomp. 310
Quantum Mechanicsp. 310
Quantum Numbersp. 311
Exclusion Principlep. 313
Important Terms and Ideasp. 314
Important Formulasp. 314
Multiple Choicep. 315
Exercisesp. 317
The Periodic Lawp. 321
Elements and Compoundsp. 322
Chemical Changep. 322
Three Classes of Matterp. 323
The Atomic Theoryp. 326
The Periodic Lawp. 328
Metals and Nonmetalsp. 328
Chemical Activityp. 329
Families of Elementsp. 330
The Periodic Tablep. 332
Groups and Periodsp. 335
Atomic Structurep. 337
Shells and Subshellsp. 337
Explaining the Periodic Tablep. 338
Chemical Bondsp. 341
Types of Bondp. 341
Covalent Bondingp. 342
Ionic Bondingp. 344
Ionic Compoundsp. 345
Atom Groupsp. 346
Naming Compoundsp. 347
Chemical Equationsp. 348
Important Terms and Ideasp. 350
Multiple Choicep. 351
Exercisesp. 353
Crystals, Ions, and Solutionsp. 357
Solidsp. 358
Ionic and Covalent Crystalsp. 359
The Metallic Bondp. 361
Molecular Crystalsp. 363
Solutionsp. 366
Solubilityp. 366
Polar and Nonpolar Liquidsp. 369
Ions in Solutionp. 371
Evidence for Dissociationp. 373
Waterp. 374
Water Pollutionp. 378
Acids and Basesp. 381
Acidsp. 381
Strong and Weak Acidsp. 382
Basesp. 383
The pH Scalep. 384
Saltsp. 385
Important Terms and Ideasp. 387
Multiple Choicep. 387
Exercisesp. 390
Chemical Reactionsp. 393
Quantitative Chemistryp. 394
Phlogistonp. 394
Oxygenp. 397
The Molep. 399
Formula Unitsp. 400
Chemical Energyp. 402
Exothermic and Endothermic Reactionsp. 403
Chemical Energy and Stabilityp. 405
Activation Energyp. 406
Fuelsp. 407
Liquid Fuelsp. 407
Gas Fuelsp. 410
Solid Fuelsp. 413
Reaction Ratesp. 416
Temperature and Reaction Ratesp. 416
Other Factorsp. 417
A Chemist at Workp. 418
Chemical Equilibriump. 420
Altering an Equilibriump. 421
Oxidation and Reductionp. 422
Oxidation-Reduction Reactionsp. 422
Electrochemical Cellsp. 425
Important Terms and Ideasp. 428
Multiple Choicep. 428
Exercisesp. 431
Organic Chemistryp. 435
Carbon Compoundsp. 436
Carbon Bondsp. 436
Alkanesp. 437
Petroleum Productsp. 438
Structures of Organic Moleculesp. 442
Structural Formulasp. 442
Isomersp. 443
Unsaturated Hydrocarbonsp. 444
Benzenep. 446
Organic Compoundsp. 447
Hydrocarbon Groupsp. 447
Functional Groupsp. 448
Polymersp. 452
Chemistry of Lifep. 457
Carbohydratesp. 457
Photosynthesisp. 460
Lipidsp. 461
Proteinsp. 462
Soil Nitrogenp. 463
Nucleic Acidsp. 466
Origin of Lifep. 468
Important Terms and Ideasp. 470
Multiple Choicep. 471
Exercisesp. 473
Atmosphere and Hydrospherep. 475
The Atmospherep. 476
Regions of the Atmospherep. 476
Atmospheric Moisturep. 480
Cloudsp. 481
Weatherp. 484
Atmospheric Energyp. 485
The Seasonsp. 488
Windsp. 489
General Circulation of the Atmospherep. 491
Middle-Latitude Weather Systemsp. 494
Climatep. 500
Tropical Climatesp. 500
Middle-Latitude Climatesp. 502
Climate Changep. 503
Origins of Climate Changep. 506
The Hydrospherep. 510
Ocean Basinsp. 510
Ocean Currentsp. 513
Important Terms and Ideasp. 515
Multiple Choicep. 516
Exercisesp. 518
The Rock Cyclep. 521
Rocksp. 522
Composition of the Crustp. 522
Mineralsp. 524
Igneous Rocksp. 526
Sedimentary Rocksp. 528
Metamorphic Rocksp. 530
Within the Earthp. 531
Earthquakesp. 532
A Geophysicist at Workp. 535
Structure of the Earthp. 536
The Earth's Interiorp. 540
Geomagnetismp. 541
Erosionp. 542
Weatheringp. 543
Stream Erosionp. 545
Glaciersp. 546
Groundwaterp. 549
Sedimentationp. 550
Vulcanismp. 554
Volcanoesp. 554
Intrusive Rocksp. 558
The Rock Cyclep. 560
Important Terms and Ideasp. 561
Multiple Choicep. 561
Exercisesp. 564
The Evolving Earthp. 567
Tectonic Movementp. 568
Types of Deformationp. 568
Mountain Buildingp. 570
Continental Driftp. 571
Plate Tectonicsp. 575
Lithosphere and Asthenospherep. 575
The Ocean Floorsp. 576
Ocean-Floor Spreadingp. 577
Plate Tectonicsp. 579
Methods of Historical Geologyp. 588
Principle of Uniform Changep. 588
Rock Formationsp. 591
Radiometric Datingp. 592
Fossilsp. 594
Geologic Timep. 596
Earth Historyp. 597
Precambrian Timep. 599
The Paleozoic Erap. 600
Coal and Petroleump. 602
The Mesozoic Erap. 604
The Cenozoic Erap. 608
Human Historyp. 610
Important Terms and Ideasp. 613
Multiple Choicep. 614
Exercisesp. 616
The Family of the Sunp. 620
The Solar Systemp. 621
Cometsp. 622
Meteorsp. 626
The Inner Planetsp. 629
Mercuryp. 629
Venusp. 630
Marsp. 633
Is There Life on Mars?p. 637
Asteroidsp. 639
The Outer Planetsp. 643
Jupiterp. 643
Saturnp. 646
Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, and Morep. 649
The Moonp. 653
Phases of the Moonp. 653
Eclipsesp. 655
The Lunar Surfacep. 657
Evolution of the Lunar Landscapep. 660
Origin of the Moonp. 661
Important Terms and Ideasp. 662
Multiple Choicep. 663
Exercisesp. 665
The Starsp. 667
Tools of Astronomyp. 668
The Telescopep. 668
The Spectrometerp. 670
Spectrum Analysisp. 671
The Sunp. 673
Properties of the Sunp. 673
The Aurorap. 675
Sunspotsp. 677
Solar Energyp. 679
The Starsp. 682
Stellar Distancesp. 682
Variable Starsp. 683
Stellar Motionsp. 685
Stellar Propertiesp. 685
Life Histories of the Starsp. 686
H-R Diagramp. 687
Stellar Evolutionp. 689
Supernovasp. 692
Pulsarsp. 693
Black Holesp. 694
Important Terms and Ideasp. 696
Multiple Choicep. 697
Exercisesp. 699
The Universep. 701
Galaxiesp. 702
The Milky Wayp. 702
Stellar Populationsp. 705
Radio Astronomyp. 706
Galaxiesp. 708
Cosmic Raysp. 711
The Expanding Universep. 712
Red Shiftsp. 712
Quasarsp. 715
Evolution of the Universep. 716
Dating the Universep. 716
An Astronomer at Workp. 718
After the Big Bangp. 719
Origin of the Solar Systemp. 723
Extraterrestrial Lifep. 725
Extrasolar Planetsp. 725
Interstellar Travelp. 727
Interstellar Communicationp. 728
Important Terms and Ideasp. 730
Multiple Choicep. 730
Exercisesp. 733
Math Refresherp. A-1
The Elementsp. A-12
Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercisesp. A-13
Glossaryp. A-31
Photo Creditsp. C-1
Indexp. I-1
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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