Physics A World View (with CengageNOW Printed Access Card)

by Kirkpatrick, Larry; Francis, Gregory E.

• ISBN13: 9780495010883
• ISBN10: 049501088X
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-01-24
• Publisher: Brooks Cole

Summary

This text contains a running story line about how the current physics "world view" came to be. This story line is divided into nine parts framed by an introductory chapter ("A World View") which puts the approach into context. This approach gives non-science students an appreciation for the laws of nature and physics contribution to that understanding. The new sixth edition uses the latest physics education principles to emphasize conceptual understanding, both in the main narrative and in the accompanying media program. Designed to fit the specific needs of any non-majors physics course, the text is flexible, fully modular and now can be customized to fit any syllabus through Thomson's TextChoice custom solution program. Mathematics is used minimally, but for instructors wishing to incorporate more problem-solving skills and quantitative reasoning, the optional, slightly more detailed, "Problem Solving to accompany Physics: A World View" student supplement reveals more of the beauty and power of mathematics in physics. The new edition includes access to PhysicsNow, a powerful personal student study companion. This interactive online resource uses a series of chapter-specific diagnostics to gauge students' unique study needs, then provides a Personalized Learning Plan that focuses their study time on the concepts they need to review most. Active Figure tutorial simulations provide an opportunity for students to learn through observation, further enhancing conceptual understanding.

Table of Contents

Preface	xxi
A World View	1	(13)
First Grade	2	(1)
On Building a World View	2	(3)
Bode's Law	5	(1)
Measurements	6	(3)
Sizes: Large and Small	9	(3)
Summary	12	(2)
Describing Motion	14	(19)
Average Speed	15	(1)
Images of Speed	16	(2)
Instantaneous Speed	18	(1)
Speed with Direction	19	(2)
Acceleration	21	(2)
A First Look at Falling Objects	23	(2)
Free Fall: Making a Rule of Nature	25	(2)
Starting with an Initial Velocity	27	(1)
A Subtle Point	27	(1)
Summary	28
Fastest and Slowest	19	(5)
Galileo: Immoderate Genius	24	(9)
Explaining Motion	33	(23)
An Early Explanation	34	(1)
The Beginnings of Our Modern Explanation	35	(1)
Newton's First Law	36	(2)
Adding Vectors	38	(2)
Newton's Second Law	40	(3)
Mass and Weight	43	(1)
Weight	44	(1)
Free-Body Diagrams	44	(1)
Free Fall Revisited	45	(1)
Galileo versus Aristotle	46	(1)
Friction	46	(1)
Newton's Third Law	47	(4)
Summary	51
Newton: Diversified Brilliance	37	(11)
Terminal Speeds	48	(8)
Motions in Space	56	(18)
Circular Motion	57	(1)
Acceleration Revisited	58	(2)
Acceleration in Circular Motion	60	(1)
Projectile Motion	60	(6)
Launching an Apple into Orbit	66	(1)
Rotational Motion	66	(3)
Summary	69
Banking Corners	62	(6)
Floating in Defiance of Gravity	68	(6)
Gravity	74	(22)
The Concept of Gravity	75	(1)
Newton's Gravity	76	(3)
The Law of Universal Gravitation	79	(1)
The Value of G	80	(1)
Gravity near Earth's Surface	81	(2)
Satellites	83	(1)
Tides	84	(2)
How Far Does Gravity Reach?	86	(1)
The Field Concept	87	(1)
Summary	88
Kepler: Music of the Spheres	76	(6)
How Much Do You Weigh?	82	(14)
Interlude The Discovery of Invariants	93	(3)
Momentum	96	(15)
Linear Momentum	97	(1)
Changing an Object's Momentum	97	(2)
Conservation of Linear Momentum	99	(2)
Collisions	101	(2)
Investigating Accidents	103	(1)
Airplanes, Balloons, and Rockets	104	(2)
Summary	106
Landing the Hard Way: No Parachute!	99	(6)
Noether: The Grammar of Physics	105	(6)
Energy	111	(23)
What Is Energy?	112	(1)
Energy of Motion	113	(1)
Conservation of Kinetic Energy	114	(1)
Changing Kinetic Energy	115	(1)
Forces That Do No Work	116	(2)
Gravitational Potential Energy	118	(1)
Conservation of Mechanical Energy	119	(2)
Roller Coasters	121	(1)
Other Forms of Energy	122	(3)
Is Conservation of Energy a Hoax?	125	(2)
Power	127	(1)
Summary	128
Stopping Distances for Cars	117	(7)
Exponential Growth	124	(3)
Human Power	127	(7)
Rotation	134	(20)
Rotational Motion	135	(1)
Torque	135	(3)
Rotational Inertia	138	(1)
Center of Mass	139	(2)
Stability	141	(1)
Rotational Kinetic Energy	142	(1)
Angular Momentum	142	(1)
Conservation of Angular Momentum	143	(1)
Angular Momentum: A Vector	144	(2)
Summary	146	(8)
Interlude Universality of Motion	152	(2)
Classical Relativity	154	(22)
A Reference System	155	(1)
Motions Viewed in Different Reference Systems	156	(1)
Comparing Velocities	157	(1)
Accelerating Reference Systems	158	(2)
Realistic Inertial Forces	160	(3)
Centrifugal Forces	163	(1)
Earth: A Nearly Inertial System	164	(2)
Noninertial Effects of Earth's Motion	166	(4)
Summary	170
Living in Zero G	162	(7)
Planetary Cyclones	169	(7)
Einstein's Relativity	176	(31)
The First Postulate	177	(1)
Searching for the Medium of Light	178	(1)
The Second Postulate	178	(1)
Simultaneous Events	179	(2)
Synchronizing Clocks	181	(4)
Time Varies	185	(1)
Experimental Evidence for Time Dilation	186	(1)
Length Contraction	187	(3)
Spacetime	190	(1)
Relativistic Laws of Motion	191	(1)
General Relativity	192	(3)
Warped Spacetime	195	(2)
Summary	197
The Twin Paradox	188	(3)
Einstein: Person of the Century	191	(2)
Global Positioning System (GPS)	193	(3)
Black Holes	196	(11)
Interlude The Search for Atoms	204	(3)
Structure of Matter	207	(20)
Building Models	208	(1)
Early Chemistry	209	(2)
Chemical Evidence of Atoms	211	(1)
Masses and Sizes of Atoms	212	(2)
The Ideal Gas Model	214	(1)
Pressure	215	(1)
Atomic Speeds and Temperature	216	(2)
Temperature	218	(2)
The Ideal Gas Law	220	(2)
Summary	222
Evaporative Cooling	221	(6)
States of Matter	227	(20)
Atoms	228	(1)
Density	228	(2)
Solids	230	(1)
Liquids	231	(1)
Gases	232	(1)
Plasmas	233	(1)
Pressure	233	(3)
Sink and Float	236	(2)
Bernoulli's Effect	238	(3)
Summary	241
Density Extremes	229	(6)
Solid Liquids and Liquid Solids	235	(4)
How Fatty Are You?	239	(1)
The Curve Ball	240	(7)
Thermal Energy	247	(21)
The Nature of Heat	248	(1)
Mechanical Work and Heat	249	(1)
Temperature Revisited	250	(1)
Heat, Temperature, and Internal Energy	251	(1)
Absolute Zero	252	(1)
Specific Heat	252	(3)
Change of State	255	(1)
Conduction	256	(2)
Convection	258	(1)
Radiation	259	(1)
Wind Chill	260	(2)
Thermal Expansion	262	(1)
Summary	263
Joule: A New View of Energy	251	(12)
Freezing Lakes	263	(5)
Available Energy	268	(20)
Heat Engines	269	(2)
Ideal Heat Engines	271	(1)
Perpetual-Motion Machines	272	(1)
Real Engines	273	(1)
Refrigerators	274	(1)
Order and Disorder	275	(3)
Entropy	278	(1)
Decreasing Entropy	279	(2)
Entropy and Our Energy Crisis	281	(1)
Summary	281
Arrow of Time	279	(1)
Quality of Energy	280	(8)
Interlude Waves---Something Else That Moves	286	(2)
Vibrations and Waves	288	(25)
Simple Vibrations	289	(2)
The Pendulum	291	(2)
Clocks	293	(1)
Resonance	293	(2)
Waves: Vibrations That Move	295	(2)
One-Dimensional Waves	297	(2)
Superposition	299	(1)
Periodic Waves	300	(2)
Standing Waves	302	(2)
Interference	304	(2)
Diffraction	306	(1)
Summary	307
Tacoma Narrows Bridge	296	(3)
Probing the Earth	299	(14)
Sound and Music	313	(23)
Sound	314	(1)
Speed of Sound	315	(1)
Hearing Sounds	316	(1)
The Recipe of Sounds	317	(2)
Stringed Instruments	319	(2)
Wind Instruments	321	(2)
Percussion Instruments	323	(1)
Beats	324	(1)
Doppler Effect	325	(3)
Shock Waves	328	(1)
Summary	328
Animal Hearing	318	(4)
Loudest and Softest Sounds	322	(5)
Breaking the Sound Barrier	327	(9)
Interlude The Mystery of Light	333	(3)
Light	336	(22)
Shadows	337	(2)
Pinhole Cameras	339	(1)
Reflections	340	(1)
Flat Mirrors	341	(1)
Multiple Reflections	342	(1)
Curved Mirrors	343	(2)
Images Produced by Mirrors	345	(1)
Locating the Images	346	(2)
Speed of Light	348	(2)
Color	350	(3)
Summary	353
Eclipses	338	(6)
Retroreflectors	344	(14)
Refraction of Light	358	(24)
Index of Refraction	359	(2)
Total Internal Reflection	361	(1)
Atmospheric Refraction	362	(1)
Dispersion	363	(1)
Rainbows	364	(2)
Halos	366	(1)
Lenses	367	(1)
Images Produced by Lenses	368	(3)
Cameras	371	(1)
Our Eyes	371	(3)
Magnifiers	374	(1)
Telescopes	375	(2)
Summary	377
Mirages	364	(9)
Eyeglasses	373	(3)
The Hubble Space Telescope	376	(6)
A Model for Light	382	(21)
Reflection	383	(1)
Refraction	384	(1)
Interference	385	(2)
Diffraction	387	(3)
Thin Films	390	(2)
Polarization	392	(4)
Looking Ahead	396	(1)
Summary	396
Diffraction Limits	389	(5)
Holography	394	(9)
Interlude An Electrical and Magnetic World	401	(2)
Electricity	403	(23)
Electrical Properties	404	(1)
Two Kinds of Charge	405	(1)
Conservation of Charge	406	(1)
Induced Attractions	407	(2)
The Electroscope	409	(2)
The Electric Force	411	(2)
Electricity and Gravity	413	(1)
The Electric Field	414	(2)
Electric Field Lines	416	(2)
Electric Potential	418	(2)
Summary	420
Franklin: The American Newton	407	(12)
Lightning	419	(7)
Electric Current	426	(20)
An Accidental Discovery	427	(1)
Batteries	428	(1)
Pathways	429	(1)
A Water Model	430	(1)
Resistance	431	(2)
The Danger of Electricity	433	(1)
A Model for Electric Current	433	(3)
A Model for Voltage	436	(3)
Electric Power	439	(2)
Summary	441
The Real Cost of Electricity	438	(8)
Electromagnetism	446	(27)
Magnets	447	(2)
Electric Currents and Magnetism	449	(1)
Making Magnets	450	(1)
The Ampere	451	(2)
The Magnetic Earth	453	(1)
Charged Particles in Magnetic Fields	454	(1)
Magnetism and Electric Currents	455	(2)
Transformers	457	(1)
Generators and Motors	458	(2)
A Question of Symmetry	460	(1)
Electromagnetic Waves	461	(3)
Radio and TV	464	(2)
Summary	466
Superconductivity	452	(7)
``Wireless'' Battery Charger	459	(4)
Maxwell: Unifying the Electromagnetic Spectrum	463	(2)
Stereo Broadcasts	465	(8)
Interlude The Story of the Quantum	471	(2)
The Early Atom	473	(25)
Periodic Properties	474	(1)
Atomic Spectra	474	(3)
Cathode Rays	477	(1)
The Discovery of the Electron	478	(1)
Thomson's Model	479	(1)
Rutherford's Model	479	(3)
Radiating Objects	482	(2)
The Photoelectric Effect	484	(2)
Bohr's Model	486	(2)
Atomic Spectra Explained	488	(3)
The Periodic Table	491	(1)
X Rays	492	(1)
Summary	493
Rutherford: At the Crest of the Wave	481	(3)
Planck: Founder of Quantum Mechanics	484	(6)
Bohr: Creating the Atomic World	490	(8)
The Modern Atom	498	(26)
Successes and Failures	499	(1)
De Broglie's Waves	499	(3)
Waves and Particles	502	(3)
Probability Waves	505	(1)
A Particle in a Box	506	(1)
The Quantum-Mechanical Atom	507	(2)
The Exclusion Principle and the Periodic Table	509	(2)
The Uncertainty Principle	511	(2)
The Complementarity Principle	513	(1)
Determinism	514	(1)
Lasers	515	(2)
Summary	517
Seeing Atoms	501	(8)
Psychedelic Colors	509	(15)
Interlude The Subatomic World	522	(2)
The Nucleus	524	(24)
The Discovery of Radioactivity	525	(1)
Types of Radiation	526	(2)
The Nucleus	528	(1)
The Discovery of Neutrons	529	(1)
Isotopes	529	(1)
The Alchemists' Dream	530	(3)
Radioactive Decay	533	(2)
Radioactive Clocks	535	(2)
Radiation and Matter	537	(1)
Biological Effects of Radiation	538	(1)
Radiation around Us	539	(3)
Radiation Detectors	542	(2)
Summary	544
Curie: Eight Tons of Ore	527	(9)
Smoke Detectors	536	(4)
Radon	540	(8)
Nuclear Energy	548	(23)
Nuclear Probes	549	(1)
Accelerators	549	(1)
The Nuclear Glue	550	(2)
Nuclear Binding Energy	552	(2)
Stability	554	(1)
Nuclear Fission	555	(2)
Chain Reactions	557	(3)
Nuclear Reactors	560	(2)
Breeding Fuel	562	(2)
Fusion Reactors	564	(1)
Solar Power	565	(1)
Summary	566
Goeppert-Mayer: Magic Numbers	556	(2)
Fermi: A Man for All Seasons	558	(3)
Meitner: A Physicist Who Never Lost Her Humanity	561	(2)
Natural Nuclear Reactors	563	(8)
Elementary Particles	571	(19)
Antimatter	572	(3)
The Puzzle of Beta Decay	575	(1)
Exchange Forces	576	(2)
Exchange Particles	578	(1)
The Elementary Particle Zoo	579	(2)
Conservation Laws	581	(2)
Quarks	583	(2)
Gluons and Color	585	(1)
Summary	586
Feynman: Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman	577	(13)
Frontiers	590
Gravitational Waves	591
Unified Theories	593
Cosmology	594
Cosmic Background Radiation	596
Dark Matter and Dark Energy	597
Neutrinos	598
Quarks, the Universe, and Love	600
The Search Goes On	601
Appendix Nobel Laureates in Physics	1	(4)
Answers to Most Odd-Numbered Questions and Exercises	5
Credits	1	(1)
Glossary	1	(1)
Index	1