Polarization Holography

by L. Nikolova , P. S. Ramanujam

• ISBN13: 9780521509756
• ISBN10: 0521509750
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-05-29
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Summary

Current research into holography is concerned with applications in optically storing, retrieving, and processing information. Polarization holography has many unique properties compared to conventional holography. It gives results in high efficiency, achromaticity, and special polarization properties. This books reviews the research carried out in this field over the last 15 years. The authors provide basic concepts in polarization and the propagation of light through anisotropic materials, before presenting a sound theoretical basis for polarization holography. The fabrication and characterization of azobenzene based materials, which remain the most efficient for the purpose, is described in detail. This is followed by a description of other materials that are used in polarization holography. An in-depth description of various applications, including display holography and optical storage, is given, and the book concludes with perspectives for the future. This book is an important reference for researchers.

Author Biography

L. Nikolova is an Associate Professor in the Central Laboratory of Optical Storage and Processing of Information, Bulgaria Academy of Sciences. She has been working in the field of polarization holography and photoanisotropic materials for 30 years. P.S. Ramanujam is a Professor in the Department of Photonics Engineering at the Technical University of Denmark. His current research interests are in optical data storage, holography, and Raman spectroscopy.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
List of symbols and abbreviations	p. xiii
Light polarization	p. 1
Linearly polarized light	p. 2
Circularly polarized light	p. 3
Elliptically polarized light	p. 5
Jones vectors	p. 6
The coherency matrix	p. 7
Stokes parameters and the Stokes vector	p. 8
The Poincaré sphere	p. 11
References	p. 12
Light propagation through polarizing systems	p. 13
Materials with optical anisotropy	p. 13
The Jones-matrix formalism	p. 15
The coherency-matrix formalism	p. 20
The Mueller-matrix formalism	p. 21
References	p. 23
Theory of polarization holography	p. 24
Plane-wave interference and holography	p. 24
Interference of polarized light	p. 26
Introduction to polarization holography	p. 27
Poincaré representation of resulting polarization states	p. 30
Polarization holography in materials with only linear photoanisotropy	p. 32
Transmission polarization holograms	p. 36
Reflection polarization holograms in materials with linear photoanisotropy	p. 60
Polarization-holographic recording in materials with linear and circular anisotropy	p. 68
Polarization gratings together with a surface relief: orthogonally circularly polarized beams	p. 74
Polarization gratings together with a surface relief: orthogonally linearly polarized pumb beams	p. 81
Evanescent-wave polarization holography	p. 84
References	p. 85
Azobenzene and azobenzene-containing polymers	p. 88
Guest-host systems	p. 90
Azobenzene polymers	p. 91
Azobenzene peptides	p. 95
Azobenzene side-chain polymethacrylates	p. 96
Azobenzene dendrimers	p. 98
Photoaddressable polymers	p. 99
Photorefractive azobenzene polymers	p. 106
Polymer photochromic cholesterics	p. 107
Experimental techniques - linear anisotropy measurements	p. 108
Photoinduced circular anisotropy in side-chain azobenzene polyesters	p. 116
The experimental set-up for polarization holography	p. 118
Polarization holography in guest-host systems	p. 119
Polarization holography in side-chain polyesters	p. 121
Polarization holography with surface relief	p. 125
Polarization holography with UV light	p. 132
Evanescent-wave polarization holography	p. 133
Biphotonic polarization holography	p. 134
References	p. 135
Other photoanisotropic materials	p. 141
Photoinduced anisotropy in silver-halide materials	p. 141
Alkali-halide crystals containing anisotropic color centers	p. 147
Arsenic sulfide and arsenic selenide	p. 151
Bacteriorhodopsin	p. 154
Photoanisotropy in organic dyes	p. 158
Polymer systems	p. 162
Polymer-dispersed liquid crystals	p. 165
Polarization holography in doped photorefractive crystals	p. 166
References	p. 168
Applications of polarization holography	p. 174
A Stokesmeter based on a polarization grating	p. 174
Polarization-holographic optical elements	p. 183
A bifocal holographic lens	p. 188
A liquid-crystal-based holographic polarization optical element	p. 192
Display holography	p. 196
Holographic data storage	p. 206
Polarization-holographic multiplexing	p. 212
Four-wave mixing and polarization optical phase conjugation	p. 215
A joint transform correlator	p. 220
Fiber Bragg gratings	p. 221
Vectorial photonic crystals in azodye-doped liquid crystals	p. 222
Holographic inscription of helical wavefronts in a liquid-crystal polarization grating	p. 222
A polarization-dependent lateral-shearing interferometer	p. 223
Other applications	p. 225
References	p. 226
Conclusions and future prospects	p. 229
Index	p. 236
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