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9780205607372

Political Ideologies and the Democratic Ideal

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780205607372

  • ISBN10:

    0205607373

  • Edition: 7th
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2010-05-06
  • Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
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Summary

The extensively revised new edition of this bestselling text continues to provide an accessible overview of the major political ideologies, their origins, and their development. In addition to examining the major "isms" liberalism, conservatism, socialism, and fascism the book offers readers the history, structure, supporting arguments, and internal complexities of these and recently emerging ideologies. The text utilizes a fourfold framework a definition of "ideology" in terms of the four functions ideologies perform within which to compare, contrast, and analyze the various ideologies. In addition, the book also shows how each ideology interprets "democracy" (which the authors characterize as an ideal rather than an ideology) and "freedom." In examining the latter notion, the authors analyze each ideologyrs"s view of freedom in terms of agent, obstacle, and goal.

Table of Contents

Prefacep. x
To the Readerp. xiii
About the Authorsp. xiv
Ideology and Democracy
Ideology and Ideologiesp. 1
A Working Definition of "Ideology"p. 4
Human Nature and Freedomp. 9
Human Naturep. 9
Freedomp. 10
Ideology and Revolutionp. 12
Nationalism and Anarchismp. 14
Nationalismp. 14
Anarchismp. 15
Conclusionp. 16
Notesp. 16
For Further Readingp. 17
The Democratic Idealp. 19
The Origins of Democracyp. 20
Democracy and Republicp. 24
The Republic and Mixed Governmentp. 24
Christianity and Democracyp. 25
Renaissance and Republicanismp. 27
The Atlantic Republican Traditionp. 30
The Return of Democracyp. 31
Seventeenth-Century Democratsp. 31
The United States as Democratic Republicp. 32
Tocqueville on Democracyp. 34
The Growth of Democracyp. 36
Democracy as an Idealp. 37
Three Conceptions of Democracyp. 39
Conclusionp. 40
Notesp. 41
For Further Readingp. 42
The Development of Political Ideologies
Liberalismp. 45
Liberalism, Human Nature, and Freedomp. 46
Historical Backgroundp. 47
Medieval Originsp. 47
The Protestant Reformationp. 50
Liberalism and Revolutionp. 52
Englandp. 52
The American Revolutionp. 57
The French Revolutionp. 60
Liberalism and Capitalismp. 63
Liberalism in the Nineteenth Centuryp. 66
Utilitarianismp. 67
Liberalism Dividedp. 71
Neoclassical Liberalismp. 72
Welfare Liberalismp. 73
Liberalism in the Twentieth Centuryp. 75
Historical Developmentsp. 75
Philosophical Considerationsp. 77
The Libertarian Visionp. 80
Liberalism Today: Divisions and Differencesp. 81
Conclusionp. 84
Liberalism as an Ideologyp. 84
Liberalism and the Democratic Idealp. 85
Coda: The Limits of Liberal Tolerationp. 87
Notesp. 89
For Further Readingp. 91
Conservatismp. 93
The Politics of Imperfectionp. 94
The Conservatism of Edmund Burkep. 95
Human Nature and Societyp. 97
Freedomp. 97
Revolution and Reformp. 99
Burke on Governmentp. 99
Burke's Legacyp. 102
Conservatism in the Nineteenth Centuryp. 102
Conservatism and Reactionp. 102
Tory Democracyp. 105
Conservatism in the United Statesp. 106
Conservatism in the Twentieth Centuryp. 108
Conservatism Versus Mass Societyp. 108
Levelingp. 109
Conservatives and Communismp. 110
Conservatism Today: A House Dividedp. 112
Traditional Conservatismp. 112
Individualist Conservatismp. 113
Neoconservatismp. 114
The Religious Rightp. 116
Conclusionp. 120
Conservatism as an Ideologyp. 120
Conservatism and Democracyp. 121
Notesp. 122
For Further Readingp. 123
Socialism and Communism: More to Marxp. 125
Human Nature and Freedomp. 126
Socialism: The Precursorsp. 128
Saint-Simonp. 130
Fourierp. 131
Owenp. 131
The Socialism of Karl Marxp. 132
The Young Marxp. 132
The Influence of Hegelp. 134
Marx's Theory of Historyp. 136
Marx's Critique of Capitalismp. 140
The Dialectic of Changep. 143
The Revolutionary Sequencep. 144
Notesp. 147
For Further Readingp. 149
Socialism and Communism After Marxp. 151
Marxism After Marxp. 152
Engels's Marxismp. 152
The Revisionistsp. 157
Soviet Marxism-Leninismp. 161
Chinese Communismp. 170
Non-Marxist Socialismp. 174
Anarcho-Communismp. 175
Fabian Socialismp. 178
American Socialismp. 178
Socialism Todayp. 181
Conclusionp. 185
Socialism as an Ideologyp. 185
Socialism and the Democratic Idealp. 187
Notesp. 187
For Further Readingp. 189
Fascismp. 191
Fascism: The Backgroundp. 192
The Counter-Enlightenmentp. 193
Nationalismp. 194
Elitismp. 196
Irrationalismp. 197
Fascism in Italyp. 198
Mussolini and Italian Fascismp. 199
Fascism in Theory and Practicep. 201
Fascism in Germany: Nazismp. 203
Hitler and Nazismp. 203
Nazism in Theory and Practicep. 206
Fascism Elsewherep. 210
Fascism Todayp. 212
Conclusionp. 217
Fascism as an Ideologyp. 217
Fascism and the Democratic Idealp. 217
Notesp. 218
For Further Readingp. 219
Political Ideologies Today and Tomorrow
Liberation Ideologies and the Politics of Identityp. 221
Liberation Ideologies: Common Characteristicsp. 221
Black Liberationp. 223
Women's Liberation (Feminism)p. 229
Gay Liberationp. 233
Native People's Liberation (Indigenism)p. 236
Liberation Theologyp. 239
Animal Liberationp. 241
Conclusionp. 246
Liberty, Identity, and Ideologyp. 246
Liberation, Identity, and the Democratic Idealp. 248
Notesp. 250
For Further Readingp. 253
"Green" Politics: Ecology as Ideologyp. 257
The Green Critique of Other Ideologiesp. 258
Toward an Ecological Ethicp. 260
Unresolved Differencesp. 266
Conclusionp. 271
Ecology as Ideologyp. 271
Ecology, Freedom, and the Democratic Idealp. 271
Notesp. 272
For Further Readingp. 274
Radical Islamismp. 277
Islam: A Short Historyp. 277
Radical Islamismp. 281
Human Nature and Freedomp. 284
Conclusionp. 288
Radical Islamism as an Ideologyp. 288
Radical Islamism and the Democratic Idealp. 290
Notesp. 292
For Further Readingp. 293
Postscript: The Future of Ideologyp. 295
Political Ideologies: Continuing Forcesp. 296
Nationalism and Ideologyp. 296
Religion and Ideologyp. 298
Ideology and Public Policyp. 299
Ideology, the Environment, and Globalizationp. 301
Political Ideologies and the Democratic Idealp. 304
The End of Ideology?p. 306
Notesp. 309
For Further Readingp. 310
Glossaryp. 311
Name Indexp. 320
Subject Indexp. 324
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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