Political Ideologies

by Baradat, Leon P.

• ISBN13: 9780205082384
• ISBN10: 0205082386
• Edition: 11th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2011-02-18
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

Brief and accessible, Political Ideologiesfollows the evolution of political thought over 300 years. #xA0; Organized chronologically, this text examines each major ideology within a political, historical, economic, and social context. Leon Baradat#x19;s skillful prose ensures that students obtain a clear understanding of how ideas are influencing the political realities of our time.

Author Biography

Leon P. Baradat is Professor Emeritus of Political Science at MiraCosta College.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xi
Supplements	p. xvi
Ideology	p. 1
Preview	p. 1
The Development of Ideology	p. 1
The Source of Ideology	p. 2
Ideology Defined	p. 7
The Origin of the Term	p. 7
Contemporary Definitions	p. 8
Ideology and Philosophy	p. 11
Questions for Discussion	p. 12
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 12
The Spectrum of Political Attitudes	p. 14
Preview	p. 14
Understanding the Spectrum	p. 15
Change, or Policy Options	p. 15
Radical	p. 18
Liberal	p. 20
Moderate	p. 22
Conservative	p. 23
Reactionary	p. 30
Values, or Personal Philosophy	p. 32
Motivation	p. 37
The Changing Spectrum	p. 39
Specific Policies	p. 40
Foreign Policy	p. 40
Domestic Policy	p. 42
Questions for Discussion	p. 45
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 46
Nationalism	p. 47
Preview	p. 47
The Importance of Nationalism	p. 48
Nation and State	p. 48
Theories of the Origin of the State	p. 53
The History of Nationalism	p. 58
The Theory of Nationalism	p. 61
Questions for Discussion	p. 67
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 67
The Evolution of Democratic Theory	p. 68
Preview	p. 68
The Meaning of Democracy	p. 69
The Early History of Democracy	p. 71
The Social Contract	p. 71
Later Social Contract Philosophers	p. 72
Thomas Hobbes	p. 73
John Locke	p. 74
Jean Jacques Rousseau	p. 82
Questions for Discussion	p. 85
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 86
Liberal Democracy, Capitalism, and Beyond	p. 87
Preview	p. 87
Capitalism	p. 87
Capitalism after Smith	p. 89
American Capitalism	p. 90
Neoclassical Liberal Democratic Theory	p. 96
Edmund Burke	p. 97
James Madison	p. 99
Jefferson's Alternative	p. 104
The Emergence of Democratic Socialism	p. 106
Utilitarianism and Positivist Law	p. 107
Democratic Socialism	p. 108
Questions for Discussion	p. 113
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 113
The Liberal Democratic Process	p. 115
Preview	p. 115
Processes of Democracy	p. 116
Democracy and the Legislative Process	p. 116
Elite Theorism	p. 121
Systems of Government	p. 124
The American System	p. 124
The British System	p. 127
Elections	p. 132
Electoral Districts	p. 132
Political Party Structures	p. 134
Representation	p. 137
Theories of Representation	p. 138
Some Criticisms of Democracy	p. 139
Questions for Discussion	p. 140
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 140
Anarchism	p. 141
Preview	p. 141
Development of Anarchism	p. 141
Definition of Anarchism	p. 142
Particular Theories of Anarchism	p. 147
The Pacifists	p. 147
The Revolutionaries	p. 151
Individualist Anarchists	p. 155
Anarchistic Tendencies in the American Political Character	p. 157
Questions for Discussion	p. 159
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 159
Socialist Theory	p. 160
Preview	p. 160
The Development of Socialism	p. 160
Communism and Socialism	p. 162
The Components of Socialism	p. 163
Ownership of Production	p. 163
The Welfare State	p. 166
The Socialist Intent	p. 168
The History of Socialism	p. 170
From the French Revolution to Marx	p. 170
Marxism	p. 175
Marx and Capitalism	p. 176
The Basic Principles of Marxism	p. 178
Marxist Theory of Social Structure	p. 179
Marxist Historical Theory	p. 182
Marxist Economic Theory	p. 186
Marxist Theory of Revolution	p. 189
The Marxist Political System	p. 191
Internationalism	p. 192
Questions for Discussion	p. 193
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 193
Applied Socialism	p. 194
Preview	p. 194
Socialism after Marx	p. 195
Orthodox Marxism	p. 195
Revisionism	p. 195
Marxism-Leninism	p. 197
The Soviet Union and Russia	p. 202
Lenin's and Stalin's Policies	p. 202
Soviet Atrophy	p. 204
China	p. 206
The Belligerent Stage of the Revolution	p. 207
The Political Stage of the Revolution	p. 209
The Principles of Maoism	p. 217
Cuba	p. 221
The Cuban Revolution	p. 221
Fidelismo	p. 228
The Re-Emergence of Socialism	p. 230
American Socialism	p. 232
Will Socialism Disappear?	p. 234
Questions for Discussion	p. 235
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 236
Fascism and National Socialism	p. 237
Preview	p. 237
The Failure of Democracy and Capitalism	p. 238
The Development of Fascism and National Socialism	p. 238
Mussolini	p. 239
Hitler	p. 242
Fascist and Nazi Ideologies	p. 245
Irrationalism	p. 245
Racism	p. 250
Totalitarianism	p. 254
Elitism	p. 256
The Corporate State	p. 258
Imperialism	p. 259
Militarism	p. 260
Contemporary Fascist and Neo-Nazi Movements	p. 261
Right-Wing Extremism in the United States	p. 265
Questions for Discussion	p. 274
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 274
Ideologies in the Developing World	p. 275
Preview	p. 275
Developing World Defined	p. 276
Politics of the Developing World	p. 277
Islamism	p. 284
Other Religions in Politics	p. 287
Economics of the Developing World	p. 288
Developing World Democracies and Dictatorships	p. 296
Guided Democracies	p. 297
Terrorism	p. 299
Questions for Discussion	p. 302
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 303
Feminism and Environmentalism	p. 304
Preview	p. 304
Feminism	p. 305
Endemic Sexism	p. 306
The History of Feminism	p. 313
Feminist Thought	p. 316
Environmentalism	p. 318
The Environmentalists	p. 328
Questions for Discussion	p. 333
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 333
Glossary	p. 334
Index	p. 347
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