Political Ideologies: Their Origins And Impact

by Baradat, Leon P.

• ISBN13: 9780131522930
• ISBN10: 0131522930
• Edition: 9th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-01-01
• Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Summary

Organized chronologically, this book explains the evolution of political thought over the past three centuries and describes political ideologies in the context of the social, economic, and political circumstances in which they developed. It provides readers with a complete understanding of political ideologies andhow these concepts relate to their own lives.New problems that demand solutions have arisen, and we need a firm understanding of our values and the political system under which we live.Covers ideologies, political attitudes, nationalism, democratic theory, capitalism, the democratic process, anarchism, socialist theory, applied socialism, facism, feminism, ecologism, and environmentalism.An excellent reference work for anyone involved in international relations or politics and policy.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
A Note to the Student	xii
Acknowledgments	xiii
Ideology	1	(11)
Preview	1	(1)
The Development of Ideology	1	(5)
The Source of Ideology	2	(4)
Ideology Defined	6	(4)
The Origin of the Term	6	(1)
Contemporary Definitions	7	(3)
Questions for Discussion	10	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	10	(2)
The Spectrum of Political Attitudes	12	(30)
Preview	12	(1)
Understanding the Spectrum	13	(1)
Change, or Policy Options	14	(14)
Radical	17	(2)
Liberal	19	(2)
Moderate	21	(1)
Conservative	22	(5)
Reactionary	27	(1)
Values, or Philosophy	28	(5)
Motivation	33	(1)
Specific Policies	34	(6)
Foreign Policy	34	(2)
Domestic Policy	36	(4)
Questions for Discussion	40	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	40	(2)
Nationalism	42	(19)
Preview	42	(1)
The Importance of Nationalism	43	(9)
Nation and State	43	(4)
Theories of the Origin of the State	47	(5)
The History of Nationalism	52	(3)
The Theory of Nationalism	55	(5)
Questions for Discussion	60	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	60	(1)
The Evolution of Democratic Theory	61	(19)
Preview	61	(1)
The Meaning of Democracy	62	(1)
The Early History of Democracy	63	(1)
The Social Contract	64	(1)
Later Social Contract Philosophers	65	(13)
Thomas Hobbes	66	(1)
John Locke	67	(7)
Jean Jacques Rousseau	74	(4)
Questions for Discussion	78	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	78	(2)
Liberal Democracy, Capitalism, and Beyond	80	(27)
Preview	80	(1)
Capitalism	81	(6)
Adam Smith	81	(6)
Neoclassical Liberal Democratic Theory	87	(12)
Edmund Burke	88	(3)
James Madison	91	(5)
Jefferson's Alternative	96	(3)
The Emergence of Social Democratic Liberalism	99	(6)
Utilitarianism and Positivist Law	99	(2)
Democratic Socialism	101	(4)
Questions for Discussion	105	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	106	(1)
The Liberal Democratic Process	107	(24)
Preview	107	(1)
Processes of Democracy	108	(7)
Democracy and the Legislative Process	108	(5)
Elite Theorism	113	(2)
Systems of Government	115	(7)
The American System	115	(3)
The British System	118	(4)
Elections	122	(5)
Electoral Districts	122	(3)
Political Party Structures	125	(2)
Representation	127	(1)
Theories of Representation	128	(1)
Some Criticisms of Democracy	128	(1)
Questions for Discussion	129	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	130	(1)
Anarchism	131	(17)
Preview	131	(1)
Development of Anarchism	131	(1)
Definition of Anarchism	132	(3)
Particular Theories of Anarchism	135	(12)
The Pacifists	136	(4)
The Revolutionaries	140	(4)
Individualist Anarchists	144	(1)
Militant Civilian Militias	145	(2)
Questions for Discussion	147	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	147	(1)
Socialist Theory	148	(29)
Preview	148	(1)
The Development of Socialism	149	(2)
Communism and Socialism	150	(1)
The Meaning of Socialism	151	(5)
Ownership of Production	151	(2)
The Welfare State	153	(2)
The Socialist Intent	155	(1)
The History of Socialism	156	(5)
From the French Revolution to Marx	156	(5)
Marxism	161	(1)
The Basic Principles of Marxism	162	(13)
Marxist Sociological Theory	163	(3)
Marxist Historical Theory	166	(3)
Marxist Economic Theory	169	(3)
Marxist Theory of Revolution	172	(2)
The Marxist Political System	174	(1)
Internationalism	175	(1)
Questions for Discussion	176	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	176	(1)
Applied Socialism	177	(34)
Preview	177	(1)
Socialism after Marx	178	(7)
Orthodox Marxism	178	(1)
Revisionism	178	(2)
Marxism-Leninism	180	(5)
The Soviet Union and Russia	185	(4)
Lenin's and Stalin's Policies	185	(2)
Soviet Atrophy	187	(2)
China	189	(11)
The Belligerent Stage of the Revolution	190	(2)
The Political Stage of the Revolution	192	(4)
The Principles of Maoism	196	(4)
Cuba	200	(7)
The Cuban Revolution	200	(5)
Fidelismo	205	(2)
The Re-emergence of Socialism	207	(2)
Questions for Discussion	209	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	209	(2)
Fascism and National Socialism	211	(33)
Preview	211	(1)
The Failure of Democracy and Capitalism	212	(6)
The Development of Fascism and National Socialism	212	(1)
Mussolini	213	(3)
Hitler	216	(2)
Fascist and Nazi Ideologies	218	(15)
Irrationalism	219	(4)
Racism	223	(3)
Totalitarianism	226	(2)
Elitism	228	(2)
The Corporate State	230	(1)
Imperialism	230	(2)
Militarism	232	(1)
Contemporary Fascist and Neo-Nazi Movements	233	(9)
Right-Wing Extremism in the United States	234	(8)
Questions for Discussion	242	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	243	(1)
Ideologies in the Developing World	244	(22)
Preview	244	(1)
Developing World Defined	245	(1)
Politics of the Developing World	246	(6)
Economics of the Developing World	252	(7)
Developing World Democracies and Dictatorships	259	(5)
Terrorism	261	(2)
Guided Democracies	263	(1)
Questions for Discussion	264	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	264	(2)
Feminism And Ecologism/Environmentalism	266	(20)
Preview	266	(1)
Feminism	267	(10)
Sexism Is Endemic	268	(3)
The History of Feminism	271	(3)
Feminist Thought	274	(3)
Ecologism/Environmentalism	277	(7)
The Ecologists	281	(3)
Questions for Discussion	284	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	284	(2)
Glossary	286	(13)
Index	299