Political Ideologies A Reader and Guide

by Festenstein, Matthew; Kenny, Michael

• ISBN13: 9780199248377
• ISBN10: 0199248370
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-04-14
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Political Ideologies provides an extensive collection of extracts from the texts of major intellectuals, politicians, and writers who represent some of the most important ideological traditions in modern politics. The first volume to provide such an extensive range of texts and to cover both established and newer political ideologies, it illustrates the complex evolution of ideological traditions in various national settings and highlights how these traditions developed. Accompanying editorial commentaries offer a general historical introduction to each thinker and text; highlight key thematic features of the passages; and point out significant overlaps and areas of contention between different authors within and across various traditions.

Author Biography

Matthew Festenstein is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Politics at the University of Sheffield. His research is in political theory and late nineteenth and early twentieth century political thought.
Michael Kenny is Professor in the Department of Politics at the University of Sheffield. He is a member of the editorial boards of the journals New Political Economy and Contemporary Political Theory.

Table of Contents

Introduction	1	(402)
1 The Concept of Ideology	7	(44)
Introduction	7	(6)
Further Reading	13	(38)
1 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The German Ideology	13	(4)
2 Karl Mannheim, Ideology and Utopia	17	(4)
3 Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks	21	(2)
4 Louis Althusser, For Marx and Lenin and Philosophy	23	(4)
5 Giovanni Sartori, 'Politics, Ideology and Belief Systems'	27	(5)
6 Clifford Geertz, 'Ideology as a Cultural System'	32	(3)
7 Kenneth Minogue, 'Ideology After the Collapse of Communism'	35	(4)
8 Michael Freeden, Ideologies and Political Theory	39	(5)
9 Slavoj Žižek, 'Introduction' to Mapping Ideology	44	(7)
2 Liberalism	51	(68)
Introduction	51	(8)
Further Reading	59	(60)
10 John Locke, Two Treatises of Government	60	(5)
11 Benjamin Constant, 'The Liberty of the Ancients Compared with that of the Moderns'	65	(4)
12 W. von Humboldt, On the Limits of State Action	69	(3)
13 James Mill, 'Government'	72	(2)
14 Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America	74	(4)
15 J.S. Mill, 'On Liberty' and Chapters on Socialism	78	(7)
16 T.H. Green, 'Liberal Legislation and Freedom of Contract'	85	(5)
17 L.T. Hobhouse, Liberalism	90	(3)
18 John Dewey, 'Liberty and Social Control'	93	(2)
19 Max Weber, 'Parliament and Government in Germany'	95	(4)
20 John Maynard Keynes, 'The End of Laissez-Faire'	99	(3)
21 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights	102	(5)
22 Isaiah Berlin, 'Two Concepts of Liberty'	107	(5)
23 John Rawls, A Theory of Justice and 'Justice as Fairness: Political Not Metaphysical'	112	(7)
3 Conservatism	119	(56)
Introduction	119	(9)
Further Reading	128	(47)
24 Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France	128	(3)
25 Joseph de Maistre, Considerations on France	131	(3)
26 Friedrich Karl von Savigny, Of the Vocation of our Age for Legislation and Jurisprudence	134	(5)
27 William Graham Sumner, Folkways	139	(3)
28 Charles Maurras, Les Oeuvres Capitales	142	(3)
29 Michael Oakeshott, 'Rationalism in Politics'	145	(3)
30 Harold Macmillan, The Middle Way	148	(2)
31 Roger Scruton, The Meaning of Conservatism	150	(5)
32 Friedrich August von Hayek, The Constitution of Liberty	155	(4)
33 Ayn Rand, The Fountainhead	159	(6)
34 Margaret Thatcher, In Defence of Freedom	165	(3)
35 Allan Bloom, The Closing of the American Mind	168	(2)
36 Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State, and Utopia	170	(2)
37 William Kristol, 'The Politics of Liberty, the Sociology of Virtue'	172	(3)
4 Socialism	175	(82)
Introduction	175	(8)
Further Reading	183	(74)
38 Claude-Henri Saint-Simon, 'On the Industrial System'	183	(4)
39 Robert Owen, 'Observations on the Effect of the Manufacturing System'	187	(5)
40 Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, What is Property?	192	(10)
41 Karl Marx, 'The Paris Manuscripts'; Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, 'The Communist Manifesto'	202	(17)
42 Georges Sorel, Reflections on Violence	219	(4)
43 Eduard Bernstein, Evolutionary Socialism: A Criticism and Affirmation	223	(3)
44 Karl Kautsky, The Dictatorship of the Proletariat	226	(3)
45 Sidney and Beatrice Webb, Industrial Democracy	229	(4)
46 Vladimir Illich Ulyanov (Lenin), What is to be Done?	233	(3)
47 Leon Trotsky, 'Stalin'	236	(6)
48 Mao Tse-Tung, 'The Chinese Revolution and the Chinese Communist Party'	242	(4)
49 Anthony Crosland, The Future of Socialism	246	(4)
50 Noberto Bobbio, Left and Right: the Significance of a Political Distinction	250	(4)
51 Alex Callinicos, Equality	254	(3)
5 Nationalism	257	(36)
Introduction	257	(5)
Further Reading	262	(31)
52 J.J. Rousseau, Considerations on the Government of Poland	262	(3)
53 J.G. Herder, Yet Another Philosophy of History	265	(2)
54 Adam Mickiewicz, Pan Tadeusz, or the Last Foray into Lithuania	267	(4)
55 J.S. Mill, Considerations on Representative Government	271	(3)
56 H. von Treitschke, Politics	274	(2)
57 Max Weber, 'The Nation-State and Economic Policy'	276	(3)
58 M.K. Gandhi, Hind Swaraj	279	(3)
59 Marcus Garvey, 'The Future As I See It'	282	(3)
60 Jomo Kenyatta, Facing Mount Kenya	285	(3)
61 F. Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth	288	(5)
6 Feminism	293	(34)
Introduction	293	(4)
Further Reading	297	(30)
62 Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Women	297	(3)
63 John Stuart Mill, The Subjection of Women	300	(3)
64 Jane Addams, 'Why Women Should Have the Vote'	303	(4)
65 Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex	307	(2)
66 Kate Millett, Sexual Politics	309	(5)
67 Lynne Segal, Is the Future Female?	314	(4)
68 Susan Moller Okin, Justice, Gender, and the Family	318	(2)
69 Carol Gilligan, In a Different Voice	320	(1)
70 Julia Kristeva, 'Women's Time'	321	(2)
71 bell hooks, Feminism is for Everybody	323	(4)
7 Ecologism	327	(26)
Introduction	327	(4)
Further Reading	331	(22)
72 Rachel Carson, Silent Spring	332	(3)
73 Ernst Schumacher, Small is Beautiful	335	(3)
74 Donella Meadows, Dennis Meadows, and Jorgen Randers, Beyond the Limits	338	(3)
75 Arne Naess, Ecology, Community and Lifestyle	341	(5)
76 Murray Bookchin, Post-Scarcity Anarchism	346	(2)
77 Jonathan Porritt, Seeing Green	348	(2)
78 Vandana Shiva, Staying Alive	350	(3)
8 Anarchism	353	(28)
Introduction	353	(3)
Further Reading	356	(25)
79 Max Stirner, The Ego and Its Own	356	(4)
80 Michael Bakunin, Statism and Anarchy	360	(3)
81 Peter Kropotkin, Mutual Aid	363	(4)
82 Emma Goldman, 'Anarchism'	367	(2)
83 Herbert Read, 'The Paradox of Anarchism'	369	(4)
84 Paul Goodman, 'Reflections on the Anarchist Principle' and 'Anarchism and Revolution'	373	(2)
85 Noam Chomsky, Powers and Prospects	375	(6)
9 Fascism	381	(22)
Introduction	381	(3)
Further Reading	384	(19)
86 Benito Mussolini and Giovanni Gentile, 'The Doctrine of Fascism'	384	(3)
87 Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf	387	(3)
88 Alfred Rosenberg, Der Mythus des 20. Jahrhunderts and 'Totaler Staat?'	390	(2)
89 José Antonio Primo De Rivera, 'Spain and Barbarism'	392	(2)
90 Oswald Mosley, Ten Points of Fascist Policy	394	(4)
91 Movimento Sociale Italiano, 'The Programme of the Right for a New Italy'	398	(2)
92 Russia's Liberal Democratic Party, 'The New Order: Parallel Civilisations'	400	(3)
10 New Forms	403	(28)
Introduction	403	(3)
Further Reading	406	(25)
93 Jeffrey Weeks, Against Nature	407	(2)
94 Judith Butler, Gender Trouble	409	(3)
95 Bhikhu Parekh, Rethinking Multiculturalism	412	(5)
96 James Tully, Strange Multiplicity	417	(3)
97 Kenichi Ohmae, The Borderless World	420	(4)
98 Naomi Klein, 'Reclaiming the Commons'	424	(7)
11 The Ends of Ideology	431	(22)
Introduction	431	(4)
Further Reading	435	(2)
99 Seymour Martin Lipset, Political Man	435	(2)
100 Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man	437	(4)
101 Anthony Giddens, Beyond Left and Right	441	(6)
102 Samuel Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Recasting of World Order	447	(6)
Name Index	453	(4)
Subject Index	457