Politics in the Developing World

by Burnell, Peter; Randall, Vicky

• ISBN13: 9780199264421
• ISBN10: 0199264422
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-01-27
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

The past 10-15 years have seen a transformative change both in the politics of what has conventionally been referred to as the Third World (comprising much of Asia, Africa, Latin and Central America, the Caribbean and the Middle East) and in the way we think about it. Politics in the Developing World identifies and analyses these processes of change that are transforming the politics of the Third World, bringing them together in an edited textbook. It deals with central political themes and issues in the developing world, such as globalization, (both economicand cultural, and resistance to this) inequality, identity, religion, the military, democracy, the environment, and policy development. This book brings together leading international experts in the field to provide up-to-date and systematic coverage of the subject. Presented in a user-friendly format and designed especially for students, the book contains useful pedagogical features such as a glossary of key terms, chaptersummaries, questions for discussion, chronologies, web links, suggestions for further reading, and boxes highlighting particular issues, events and ideas. ONLINE RESOURCE CENTRE Provides futher case studies and review questions.

Author Biography

Peter Burnell is Professor in the Department of Politics and International Studies at the University of Warwick. He is author or editor of seven books on aspects of Third World Politics, specifically nationalism, international aid and democratization, and founding co-editor of the journal Democratization. He has a specialist knowledge of the politics of Zambia, and he has taught courses including "Democratisation and Development."
Vicky Randall is Professor of Government at the University of Essex. She has taught a course on "Politics in the Developing World" for many years and is co-author of Political Change and Underdevelopment. She is also coeditor of the journal Commonwealth and Comparative Politics. Her other publications have dealt with political parties in the Third World, communications media in Third World politics, and aspects of Indian politics, viewed from a comparative perspective.

Table of Contents

Introduction	1	(1)
From `Third World' to developing world	2	(1)
Politics as independent or dependent variable?	3	(2)
Global trends	5	(1)
Organization of the book	6	(5)
Analytical approaches to the study of politics in the developing world	11	(16)
Introduction	12	(1)
`Politics' and the `developing world'	12	(1)
Dominant approaches	13	(8)
Current approaches	21	(3)
Conclusion: do we need a distinct analytical approach?	24	(3)
The developing world in the global economy	27	(15)
Introduction: The emergence of a global economy	28	(1)
The case for free trade	29	(4)
Limits on comparative advantage for developing countries	33	(2)
Operation of the global economy	35	(2)
Developing world's responses to the world trading system	37	(2)
Conclusion	39	(3)
The developing world in international politics	42	(17)
Introduction: international relations and the developing world	43	(1)
North--South relations since 1945	44	(2)
The developing world in international organizations	46	(6)
The debt crisis	52	(2)
Conclusion	54	(5)
Inequality	59	(15)
Introduction	60	(1)
Charting the conceptual waters	61	(4)
The politics of inequality in developing countries	65	(3)
Equality questioned	68	(1)
Equality and human diversity	69	(2)
Conclusion	71	(3)
Ethnopolitics and nationalism	74	(16)
Introduction	75	(1)
The construction and politicization of ethnic identities	75	(3)
Varieties of nationalism in the developing world	78	(2)
Ethnopolitics in multi-ethnic and deeply divided societies	80	(6)
The state and nation-building in the developing world	86	(1)
Conclusion	87	(3)
Religion	90	(16)
Introduction	91	(1)
Religion and politics	92	(1)
Religious fundamentalism	93	(2)
Religious fundamentalism and politics in the developing world	95	(3)
Religion and the state	98	(4)
Religion in international politics after `September 11'	102	(1)
Conclusion	103	(3)
Women and gender	106	(14)
Introduction: historical perspectives	107	(1)
Women's policy interests	108	(3)
Policy injustices	111	(2)
Women's political activism: movements, non-governmental organizations, and decision-makers	113	(3)
More global dimensions	116	(1)
Conclusions	117	(3)
Civil society	120	(19)
Introduction: defining civil society	122	(3)
Traditional and modern civil society	125	(2)
The modern state and civil society as a specialized entity	127	(3)
Civil society and the state in the developing world	130	(1)
Civil Society and democratization	131	(3)
Conclusions	134	(5)
Theorizing the state	139	(16)
Introduction: institutions, politics, and the state	140	(1)
The modern state	141	(3)
The state in the developing world: provenance and forms	144	(5)
The state in the developing world: characteristics and features	149	(3)
The state in the developing world: facing the challenges	152	(1)
Conclusion	153	(2)
State-building	155	(16)
Introduction: varieties of state-building	156	(1)
Failures in state-building	157	(2)
Building political order	159	(2)
Building a developmental state	161	(2)
Building institutions	163	(1)
Building policy capacity	164	(3)
Foreign assistance	167	(1)
Conclusion: state-building and democracy	168	(3)
State collapse and civil conflict	171	(14)
Introduction	172	(1)
Understanding state collapse	173	(2)
Dynamics of civil conflict and state collapse	175	(2)
State--society linkages under threat	177	(1)
Diverse trajectories	178	(3)
Statelessness and the international context	181	(2)
Conclusions	183	(2)
Democratization	185	(20)
Introduction	186	(1)
Regime change, democracy, and democratization	186	(2)
Democratization as process	188	(2)
Explaining democratization	190	(6)
The international politics of democratization	196	(4)
Conclusion	200	(5)
Development	205	(16)
Introduction	206	(1)
Defining development policy objectives	207	(5)
Achieving economic growth	212	(1)
Markets and states	212	(3)
Trade policy as an instrument for development	215	(1)
Capital flows and economic reform	216	(2)
Conclusions	218	(3)
Environment	221	(16)
Introduction	222	(1)
Global context	222	(4)
Environment and development: an uneasy relationship	226	(1)
Policy processes	227	(4)
New policy instruments for environmental protection	231	(3)
Futures	234	(3)
Human rights	237	(146)
Introduction	238	(2)
The concept of human rights	240	(1)
Human rights regimes	241	(1)
`Human rights begin at breakfast'	242	(3)
Universalism and cultural diversity	245	(3)
The new political economy of human rights	248	(2)
Conclusion	250	(7)
Fragmentation or nation-building?
Indonesia	255	(2)
The genesis of Indonesia's centralized state, 1949--1965	257	(1)
Deepening centralized state power, 1965--1998	258	(1)
Economic crisis and the unravelling of the Soeharto state	259	(1)
Will Indonesia survive?	260	(2)
Conclusion	262	(3)
South Africa	264	(1)
The historical legacy	265	(2)
Negotiations	267	(1)
The new order: from apartheid to the rainbow nation	268	(1)
Political transformation and nation-building	269	(3)
Leadership, national identities, and the future	272	(1)
Conclusion	273	(3)
Civil society: active or passive?
India	275	(1)
Introduction	276	(2)
Size and composition of India's civil society	278	(2)
State fostering of civil society	280	(1)
Civil society and the promotion of better governance	281	(2)
Conclusion	283	(5)
Saudi Arabia	286	(2)
Introduction	288	(1)
The historical context of state-building	288	(3)
Opposition, the rentier state, and Islam	291	(3)
Foreign policy and dissent	294	(1)
Conclusion	295	(4)
Strong state, weak state
Chile	297	(2)
Introduction	299	(1)
The Latin American state in historical perspective	299	(1)
Explaining the origins of the strong Chilean state	300	(1)
Development, social welfare, corruption, and success of the Chilean state	301	(3)
The crisis of the Chilean state	304	(1)
The Pinochet dictatorship and its legacy	305	(1)
Conclusion: lessons from the rise and transformation of the Chilean state	306	(4)
The Democratic Republic of Congo	308	(2)
Introduction	310	(1)
Historical context: political, economic, and cultural repression	310	(2)
Zaire as a failing state	312	(2)
Zaire/DRC in the Central African cauldron: decomposition and reshaping	314	(2)
Conclusion	316	(5)
From regional power to microstates
Nigeria	319	(2)
Introduction	321	(1)
The economics of oil	322	(1)
Regional influence in foreign policy	323	(2)
Social change, democracy, and instability	325	(2)
Conclusion	327	(5)
The island states of the Pacific	329	(3)
Introduction	332	(1)
Diversity in the Pacific	332	(3)
Issues in Pacific Politics	335	(1)
Issues in Pacific development	336	(1)
International relations in the Pacific	336	(2)
Conclusion	338	(3)
Military in politics versus democratic advance
Pakistan	340	(1)
Introduction: from independence to state breakup in 1971	341	(4)
Unstable government: 1971--1999	345	(1)
General Musharraf's rule since 1999	346	(1)
Conclusion	347	(4)
Mexico	349	(2)
From independence to revolution	351	(1)
The foundations of electoral authoritarianism	352	(2)
The structural bases of regime change	354	(1)
Democratization by elections	355	(1)
After transition	356	(2)
Conclusion	358	(4)
Underdevelopment and development
Guatemala	360	(2)
Introduction	362	(1)
Guatemala: poverty and multiple inequalities	362	(2)
Patterns of state formation	364	(2)
The peace accords: a turning point?	366	(3)
Conclusions	369	(4)
South Korea	371	(2)
Introduction	373	(1)
Historical legacies	373	(1)
Institutions of development	374	(2)
Development policies	376	(2)
The emergence of democracy	378	(1)
Conclusion: emerging problems	379	(4)
Appendix 1 Case study countries: basic indicators	383	(1)
Appendix 2 Regional inter-governmental organizations in the developing world	384	(2)
Glossary	386	(6)
References	392	(9)
Index	401