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9780321129581

Politics and Policy in American States and Communities

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780321129581

  • ISBN10:

    032112958X

  • Edition: 4th
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2004-01-01
  • Publisher: Longman
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List Price: $65.00

Summary

With a lower price, new trade-like trim size, and a unique organizing themea face-to-face approachthis text shows how individuals are affected by decisions of governmental officials and how individuals can influence public policy. As the authors have done in previous editions, their approach to the study of state and local governments personalizes the material, making it more meaningful to the student.

Table of Contents

Preface ix
SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1 Face-to-Face Governance
1(15)
Scope
3(2)
Capacity
5(3)
Participation
8(5)
Plan of this Book
13(3)
SECTION 2 LAYING THE FOUNDATION
Chapter 2 State Diversity, Growth and Decline, and the Contemporary Urban Dilemma
16(39)
Values
19(2)
Political Cultures
21(4)
An Introductory Tour of the States
25(8)
Metropolitan Development
33(6)
Patterns of Interregional Growth and Decline
39(8)
The New Immigration and Metropolitan Growth
47(2)
The Consequences of Growth and Decline
49(1)
Summary and Conclusions
50(5)
Chapter 3 Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations
55(38)
Constitutional Developments
58(4)
The Phases of Federalism
62(16)
The Plight of Local Governments in the Federal System
78(3)
Regulatory Federalism
81(3)
Relations among the States
84(3)
Relations with Indian Nations
87(2)
Summary and Conclusions
89(4)
Chapter 4 Constitutions and Charters
93(31)
History of State Constitutions
95(11)
Major Features of State Constitutions
106(9)
Local Government Charters
115(2)
Types of Local Governments
117(3)
Summary and Conclusions
120(4)
Chapter 5 Policy-Making Processes
124(35)
Public Policy Instruments
125(3)
Individual and Group Participation in Public Policy Making
128(5)
The Centrality of Lawmaking in Shaping Public Policy
133(1)
The Substantive Bill State Legislative Process
134(9)
The State Budgetary Process
143(13)
Summary and Conclusions
156(3)
SECTION 3 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
Chapter 6 Grassroots Participation
159(21)
Access to Government
161(2)
Who Participates?
163(3)
Ways of Participating
166(3)
Direct Democracy
169(7)
Summary and Conclusions
176(4)
Chapter 7 Interest Groups
180(25)
General Trends
181(2)
Internal Characteristics
183(9)
Functions and Activities
192(6)
Impact of Interest Groups
198(4)
Summary and Conclusions
202(3)
Chapter 8 Political Parties and Elections
205(31)
The Roles of Political Parties
207(2)
Party Organization
209(4)
Informal Organization
213(2)
Party Nominations
215(1)
Campaigns
216(4)
Campaign Finances
220(5)
Independent Expenditures and Issue Ads
225(1)
Term Limits
226(1)
The Election
227(1)
Party Competition
228(4)
Summary and Conclusions
232(4)
SECTION 4 THE INSTITUTION OF STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
Chapter 9 Governors
236(25)
Historical Developments
238(1)
Formal Powers
239(12)
Roles
251(5)
Governors as Individuals
256(1)
Governors and Mobility
257(1)
Summary and Conclusions
258(3)
Chapter 10 State Legislatures
261(33)
What Legislatures Do
266(1)
Legislative Organization
267(1)
Legislative Leadership
268(7)
Legislative Committees
275(1)
Members
276(3)
Legislative Reform
279(4)
Calls for Term Limits
283(2)
The Changing Executive-Legislative Balance
285(5)
Legislative Decision Making
290(1)
Summary and Conclusions
290(4)
Chapter 11 Local Government Executives and Legislatures
294(26)
Community Power
297(1)
Executive and Legislative Institutions in Municipal Government
298(5)
Patterns of Executive and Legislative Relations in Municipal Government
303(7)
County Governments
310(2)
Townships
312(1)
School Districts
312(3)
Other Special Districts
315(1)
Summary and Conclusions
316(4)
Chapter 12 Bureaucracies
320(32)
The Nature of Bureaucracy
321(5)
Profile of Public Employees
326(3)
Personnel Management
329(7)
Agency Discretion and Accountability
336(3)
Independent Regulatory Agencies
339(6)
Privatization
345(2)
Summary and Conclusions
347(5)
Chapter 13 Courts
352(27)
State and Federal Courts
354(3)
State, Tribal, and Federal Courts
357(1)
Structures
358(3)
Role of State's Attorney or Attorney General
361(4)
Process
365(4)
Judicial Actions
369(2)
Selection of Judges
371(2)
Discipline and Removal of Judges
373(1)
Juries
374(1)
Summary and Conclusions
375(4)
SECTION 5 PUBLIC POLICIES
Chapter 14 Crime and Corrections
379(26)
The Nature and Incidence of Crime
380(8)
Approaches to Crime
388(3)
Incarceration
391(7)
Crime and the Constitution
398(4)
Summary and Conclusions
402(3)
Chapter 15 Educational Policy
405(34)
Primary and Secondary Education
407(11)
Educational Alternatives
418(5)
The Equity or Excellence Debate
423(2)
The Courts' Renewed Interest in Fiscal Equity
425(3)
Higher Education
428(7)
Summary and Conclusions
435(4)
Chapter 16 Social Welfare and Health Policy
439(37)
Social Welfare Policy
440(3)
Public Assistance Programs
443(3)
Who Are the Poor?
446(3)
Welfare Reform
449(13)
Health Policy
462(7)
The National Debate Over Health Care Reform
469(2)
Implications for the States
471(1)
Summary and Conclusions
472(4)
Chapter 17 Environmental Policy and Economic Development
476(31)
Federalism and Environmental Policy Making
480(1)
Federal Initiatives in the Environmental Decade
481(4)
Reagan's Redirection of Environmental Regulation
485(1)
Bush and Clinton: More Environmentally Friendly Administrations
486(6)
George W. Bush and Expanded Market-Based Incentives
492(1)
The States' Prominence in Environmental Protection
492(1)
The Environmental Challenges Lying Ahead
493(1)
The Allure of Economic Development
494(6)
Environmental Protection and Economic Development: A Strained Relationship?
500(2)
Summary and Conclusions
502(5)
Chapter 18 Fiscal Policy and Financial Management
507(28)
The Economy and Taxing and Spending
510(2)
Taxing and Spending Comparisons among the States
512(5)
Financing State and Local Governments
517(5)
Evaluating State and Local Taxes
522(2)
Executive and Legislative Balance in Fiscal Policy Making
524(2)
State and Local Financial Management
526(5)
Summary and Conclusions
531(4)
SECTION 6 CONCLUSION
Chapter 19 Responding to Pressing Public Problems
535(12)
The Individual Citizen's Perspective
537(1)
Perspectives of Organized Interest Groups
537(1)
The Perspective of Local Government Policymakers
538(1)
The Perspective of State Policymakers
539(2)
Perspectives and Politics
541(1)
Government Responses
542(3)
Responding with Solutions
545(2)
Index 547

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