Politics in States and Communities

by Dye, Thomas R.; MacManus, Susan A.

• ISBN13: 9780131930797
• ISBN10: 0131930796
• Edition: 12th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2010-05-06
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

This best-seller stands apart from others of its kind by its comparative approach, patient explanation, concern with policy, and ability to stimulate readers'interest. In a clear, accessible style, the authors demonstrate the important role that American states and communities play in the political life of the nation. Focuses on the sources and nature of conflict in states and communities, along with the structures and processes designed to manage conflict. Includes updates and new topics throughout, with refocused organization; discusses timely issues such as New York City's response to terrorism and the 2000 presidential race. Examines the background and career of prominent political figures. Illustrates a wide variety of current political conflicts, covering issues such as the drinking age and the right to bear arms. Includes informative and entertaining discussion on various aspects of American states and communities such as state birds, nicknames, and ratings for the "most livable" states. provides end-of-chapter "On the Web" sections that direct students to links and additional information on the Internet. For anyone interested in learning more about the American political process.

Table of Contents

Preface	vii
Politics in States and Communities	1	(30)
A Political Approach to States and Communities	2	(1)
The Comparative Study of States and Communities	2	(5)
Rankings of the States: Population Size and Projected Growth Rate, 2000--2030	7	(1)
Rankings of the States: Income and Education	8	(1)
Race and Ethnicity	9	(1)
Rankings of the States: Hispanic and African American Populations	10	(2)
The Politics of Immigration	12	(2)
Liberalism and Conservatism in the States	14	(1)
Rankings of the States: State Policy Liberalism	15	(4)
Up Close: Religion and Politics: The Culture Wars Intensify	19	(1)
Policy Responsibilities of States and Communities	20	(3)
People in Politics: New York City's Mayor Rudy Giuliani Takes Charge at Ground Zero	23	(1)
``States,'' ``Districts,'' and ``Territories''	24	(3)
Did You Know? How the American States Got Their Names	27	(1)
On the Web	28	(3)
Democracy and Constitutionalism in the States	31	(30)
Constitutional Government in the States	32	(3)
State Constitutions: An Overview	35	(3)
Up Close: State Constitutions and the Right to Bear Arms	38	(2)
Constitutional Change in the States	40	(5)
Democracy in the States	45	(2)
Direct Versus Representative Democracy	47	(1)
People in Politics: The California Recall: Arnold! Becomes the New Governor	48	(2)
The Politics of State Initiatives	50	(6)
What Do You Think? Are Term Limits a Good Idea?	56	(2)
Did You Know? Nicknames of the States	58	(1)
On the Web	59	(2)
States, Communities, and American Federalism	61	(40)
What Is Federalism?	62	(1)
Why Federalism?	62	(2)
Federalism's Faults	64	(1)
Up Close: Hurricane Katrina Relief Difficulties: Laying the Blame on Federalism	65	(2)
The Structure of American Federalism	67	(4)
Up Close: Federalizing Crime	71	(2)
Battles in the States over Constitutional Amendments	73	(3)
What Do You Think? Will Three More Legislatures Ratify the ERA?	76	(2)
How Money Shifted Power to Washington	78	(2)
Up Close: Historic Landmarks in the Development of American Federalism	80	(2)
Up Close: Federalism and the Drinking Age	82	(2)
Rankings of the States: Reliance on Federal Aid	84	(1)
The Politics of Grants-in-Aid	85	(1)
Up Close: Which Government Does the Best Job?	86	(1)
Federalism: Variations on the Theme	87	(3)
Coercive Federalism: Preemptions and Mandates	90	(3)
Congress and Devolution	93	(1)
The Supreme Court and the Revival of Federalism	94	(2)
Interstate Relations, Horizontal Federalism	96	(1)
Did You Know? What Are the ``Most Livable'' States?	97	(1)
On the Web	98	(3)
Participation in State Politics	101	(44)
The Nature of Political Participation	102	(1)
Explaining Voter Turnout	103	(1)
Up Close: Getting into Politics	104	(4)
Rankings of the States: Voter Turnout Rate	108	(7)
Race, Ethnicity, and Political Participation	115	(1)
Securing the Right to Vote	116	(3)
New Forms of Participation: Digital Democracy?	119	(1)
People in Politics: ``On-Liners'' Use Web to Get Involved in Politics	120	(1)
Minorities in State Politics	121	(3)
Women in State Politics	124	(2)
Young and Old in State Politics	126	(1)
Interest Groups in State Politics	127	(5)
Functions and Tactics of Interest Groups	132	(3)
Comparing Interest Group Power in the States	135	(3)
Protest as Political Participation	138	(3)
On the Web	141	(4)
Parties and Campaigns in the States	145	(39)
American Political Parties: In Disarray or Experiencing a Rebirth?	146	(5)
Parties and Primaries	151	(3)
State Party Organizations and Activists	154	(2)
Up Close: Texas Party Organizations	156	(2)
People in Politics: Two Powerful Women, Two Different Paths to Becoming State Party Chair: Florida's Democratic and Republican Parties Have Women at the Helm	158	(1)
Republican and Democratic Party Fortunes in the States	159	(3)
Divided Party Government in the States	162	(1)
Party Competition within the States	162	(2)
The Policy Effects of Party Competition	164	(3)
Professional Media Campaigns	167	(2)
Did You Know? Today's ``High-Tech'' Campaigns Have a Vocabulary All Their Own	169	(5)
Money in State Politics	174	(4)
State Campaign Finance Reform	178	(2)
On the Web	180	(4)
Legislators in State Politics	184	(44)
Functions of State Legislatures	185	(1)
The Making of a State Legislator	186	(3)
Minorities and Women in State Legislatures	189	(1)
Rankings of the States: African Americans, Hispanics, and Women in State Legislatures	190	(4)
Getting to the State Capitol	194	(1)
People in Politics: California State Senator Abel Maldonado: His Roots Are Key to Understanding His Policy Priorities	194	(3)
The Great Incumbency Machine	197	(1)
Legislative Apportionment and Districting	198	(3)
Up Close: The Original Gerrymander	201	(3)
Legislative Organization and Procedure	204	(3)
Up Close: Informal Rules of the Game	207	(2)
Legislative Institutionalization	209	(3)
Legislative Committees	212	(2)
Leadership and Role-Playing in Legislatures	214	(2)
Party Politics in State Legislatures	216	(2)
The Growing Role of the Media in the Legislative Process	218	(1)
Lobbying in State Legislatures	219	(3)
State Legislatures: A Critical Assessment	222	(2)
On the Web	224	(4)
Governors in State Politics	228	(40)
The Many Roles of a Governor	229	(2)
The Making of a Governor	231	(1)
People in Politics: Hey, Jeb: So What's It Like When You're the Governor, Your Brother Is the President, and Your Dad Was the President?	232	(6)
Gubernatorial Politics	238	(5)
Executive Power in State Government	243	(6)
The Governor's Legislative Powers	249	(3)
Up Close: Governors Tell It Like It Is (In Their State)	252	(1)
Divided Government: Governor versus the Legislature	253	(1)
Impeachments, Investigations, and Recalls	254	(1)
The Governor as Political Leader	255	(5)
Putting It All Together: Where Are Governors the Most Powerful?	260	(1)
Rankings of the States: Combined Powers: Formal (Institutional) + Informal (Personal) Powers	261	(1)
Other Executive Offices	262	(2)
Did You Know? How Many Governors Later Became President?	264	(1)
On the Web	265	(3)
Bureaucratic Politics in States and Communities	268	(37)
Government and Bureaucracy	269	(1)
Sources of Bureaucratic Power	270	(1)
The Growth of Bureaucratic Power	271	(1)
State Bureaucracies	272	(5)
Rankings of the States: Government Spending and Employment	277	(1)
Bureaucracy, Democracy, Representativeness, and Responsiveness	278	(2)
Up Close: Firing a Public Employee	280	(1)
Up Close: ``Me, a Bureaucrat?'' Aging Workforce Means More Government Jobs for Younger Workers	281	(2)
The Power of Public Employee Unions	283	(3)
State Regulatory Policy	286	(2)
Reform, Privatization, and ``Reinventing Government''	288	(4)
Conditions for Success	292	(3)
The Budgetary Process	295	(1)
Up Close: Grading the States: A Management Report Card	296	(3)
Up Close: How to Win at the Budget Game	299	(1)
The Politics of Budgeting	300	(3)
On the Web	303	(2)
Courts, Crime, and Correctional Policy	305	(44)
Politics and the Judicial Process	306	(2)
The Lawyering of America	308	(2)
Judicial Federalism	310	(2)
Up Close: The Right to Die v. The Right to Live: Who Decides? The Terri Schiavo Case	312	(2)
The Structure of Court Systems	314	(4)
The Making of a Judge	318	(5)
The Judicial Selection Controversy	323	(1)
Judicial Decision Making	324	(2)
Crime in the States	326	(2)
Rankings of the States: Crime and Law Enforcement	328	(2)
Police Protection in the States	330	(1)
Police and Law Enforcement	331	(3)
The Politics of Prosecution	334	(2)
State Prisons and Correctional Policies	336	(5)
The Death Penalty	341	(1)
Up Close: Can Punishment Deter Crime?	342	(3)
Did You Know? America's Most Crime-Ridden Big Cities	345	(1)
On the Web	346	(3)
Governing America's Communities	349	(40)
Communities Served by a Wide Variety of Local Governments	350	(4)
Eighty-Eight Thousand Governments	354	(2)
County Governments: Rural and Urban	356	(1)
Rankings of the States: Local Governments	357	(9)
Cities as ``Municipal Corporations''	366	(3)
Forms of City Government	369	(4)
Types of Cities and Forms of Government	373	(2)
People in Politics: Doug Wilder, Charter Change Leader: From Governor to Mayor	375	(1)
Nonpartisan Elections	376	(3)
Local Election Systems: At-Large, District, and Combination	379	(5)
Did You Know? Growing Diversity in Metropolitan Areas	384	(2)
On the Web	386	(3)
Participation in Community Politics	389	(48)
Citizen Participation	390	(3)
Up Close: Broadcast Television Coverage of Local Elections Is Limited	393	(4)
Parties in Big-City Politics	397	(2)
Old-Style Machine Politics	399	(2)
Reformers and Do-Gooders	401	(1)
People in Politics: The Daleys of Chicago	402	(4)
New Connections with Citizens	406	(1)
Up Close: Political Corruption	407	(3)
Recruiting City Council Members	410	(4)
Council Members: Responsible Policymakers?	414	(1)
City Managers in Municipal Politics	415	(3)
Mayors in City Politics	418	(3)
Minorities and Women in Local Politics	421	(1)
People in Politics: Against All Odds: Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa	422	(5)
Interest Groups in Community Politics	427	(4)
Did You Know? Salaries of Public Officials	431	(1)
On The Web	432	(5)
Metropolitics: Conflict in the Metropolis	437	(35)
The Metropolis: Setting for Conflict	438	(3)
Rankings of the States: Metropolitanization in the States	441	(2)
Cities versus Suburbs	443	(3)
The Concentration of Social Problems in the Inner City	446	(3)
A Rebirth of Big Cities in the 21st Century?	449	(1)
Suburban ``Sprawl''	450	(3)
Consolidation or Fragmentation?	453	(1)
The Case for Metropolitan Consolidation	453	(2)
The Case for ``Fragmented'' Government	455	(2)
Metropolitan Government as Marketplace	457	(1)
Managing Metropolitan Areas	458	(4)
Ranking of the States: Special District Governments in the States	462	(2)
The Politics of Metropolitan Consolidation	464	(3)
Did You Know? America's 10 Most Livable Metropolitan Areas	467	(1)
On the Web	468	(4)
Community Power and Land Use Control	472	(39)
Land Use, Economics, and Community Politics Intertwined	473	(1)
Models of Community Power	473	(3)
Elitism in American Communities	476	(2)
Economic Elites in Communities	478	(1)
Political Elites in Communities	479	(4)
Planning and Zoning	483	(4)
Innovative Planning Practices: More Discretionary	487	(3)
Constitutional Concerns---The Takings Clause	490	(3)
Housing Policy	493	(1)
Rankings of the States: Homeownership	494	(6)
Community Development and Revitalization Policy	500	(4)
Did You Know? The Nation's Biggest Landowner	504	(1)
On the Web	505	(6)
The Politics of Taxation and Finance	511	(21)
An Overview of Government Finances	512	(1)
Types of Taxes and Tax Politics	513	(5)
Explaining State Tax Systems	518	(1)
Rankings of the States: Tax Burdens	519	(1)
Revolting Against Taxes	520	(2)
Explaining Tax Revolts	522	(1)
City Fiscal Stress and Cutback Management	523	(3)
When Ends Don't Meet: State and Local Debt	526	(3)
Did You Know? What Cities Have the Highest Tax Burdens?	529	(1)
When a City Goes Bust	530	(1)
On the Web	530	(2)
Politics and Civil Rights	532	(36)
From Protest to Power	533	(1)
The Struggle Against Segregation	533	(3)
State Resistance to Desegregation	536	(2)
Busing and Racial Balancing in Schools	538	(2)
The Civil Rights Act of 1964	540	(1)
People in Politics: Martin Luther King, Jr.	541	(2)
Affirmative Action Battles	543	(3)
Up Close: ``Diversity'' in Universities	546	(1)
Up Close: California Votes to End Racial Preferences	547	(1)
Hispanics in America	548	(2)
Hispanic Politics	550	(1)
Native Americans and Tribal Government	551	(4)
Americans with Disabilities	555	(1)
Gender Equality	556	(1)
Up Close: Sexual Harassment	557	(1)
Battles over Abortion	558	(3)
Rankings of the States: Abortion Rates	561	(2)
Did You Know? America's Cities Are Ideologically Diverse	563	(1)
On the Web	564	(4)
The Politics of Education	568	(34)
Goals in Educational Policy	569	(1)
Educational Performance Measurement	570	(1)
Rankings of the States: Educational Performance	571	(3)
Educational Reform	574	(3)
The Debate over School Vouchers	577	(1)
The Federal Role in Education	578	(2)
No Child Left Behind	580	(1)
Organizing Public Education in the States	581	(1)
Rankings of the States: Organizing and Financing Public Schools	582	(2)
Battles over School Finances	584	(1)
Governing Local Schools	585	(1)
The School District Superintendents	586	(1)
School Boards: Responsible Policymakers?	587	(2)
The Politics of Higher Education	589	(3)
Up Close: How Valuable Is an Education?	592	(2)
Reading, Writing, and Religion	594	(4)
Did You Know? The ``Best-Educated'' State Populations	598	(1)
On the Web	599	(3)
Photo Credits	602	(2)
Index	604