Power System Analysis and Design (with CD-ROM)

by Glover, J. Duncan; Sarma, Mulukutla S.

• ISBN13: 9780534953676
• ISBN10: 0534953670
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-12-07
• Publisher: CL Engineering

Summary

The new edition of Glover and Sarma's highly-respected text provides students with an introduction to the basic concepts of power systems along with tools to aid them in applying these skills to real world situations. Like earlier editions of the book, physical concepts are highlighted while also giving necessary attention to math-ematical techniques. Both theory and modeling are developed from simple beginnings so that they can be readily extended to new and complex situations. Beginning in Ch. 3, students are introduced to new concepts critical to analyzing power systems, including coverage of both balanced and unbalanced operating conditions. The authors incorporate new tools and material to aid students with design issues and reflect recent trends in the field. Each book now contains a CD with Power World software. This package is commonly used in industry and will enable students to analyze and simulate power systems. The authors use the software to extend, rather than replace, the fully worked examples provided in previous editions. In the new edition, each Power World Simulator example includes a fully worked hand solution of the problem along with a Power World Simulator case (except when the problem size makes it impractical). The new edition also contains updated case studies on recent trends in the Power Systems field, including coverage of deregulation, increased power demand, economics, and alternative sources of energy. These case studies are derived from real life situations.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
List of Symbols, Units, and Notation	xiii
Introduction	1	(24)
Case Study: Restructuring and Reregulation of the U.S. Electric Utility Industry	2	(3)
History of Electric Power Systems	5	(7)
Present and Future Trends	12	(3)
Electric Utility Industry Structure	15	(1)
Computers in Power System Engineering	16	(1)
Power World Simulator	17	(8)
Fundamentals	25	(46)
Case Study: Restructuring the Thin-Stretched Grid	26	(8)
Phasors	34	(2)
Instantaneous Power in Single-Phase ac Circuits	36	(5)
Complex Power	41	(5)
Network Equations	46	(3)
Balanced Three-Phase Circuits	49	(8)
Power in Balanced Three-Phase Circuits	57	(4)
Advantages of Balanced Three-Phase versus Single-Phase Systems	61	(10)
Power Transformers	71	(59)
Case Study: How Electric Utilities Buy Quality When They Buy Transformers	72	(4)
The Ideal Transformer	76	(6)
Equivalent Circuits for Practical Transformers	82	(6)
The Per-Unit System	88	(8)
Three-Phase Transformer Connections and Phase Shift	96	(5)
Per-Unit Equivalent Circuits of Balanced Three-Phase Two-Winding Transformers	101	(5)
Three-Winding Transformers	106	(3)
Autotransformers	109	(2)
Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios	111	(19)
Transmission-Line Parameters	130	(69)
Case Study: Special Report---Transmission Structures	131	(14)
Transmission Line Design Considerations	145	(6)
Resistance	151	(3)
Conductance	154	(1)
Inductance: Solid Cylindrical Conductor	154	(5)
Inductance: Single-Phase Two-Wire Line and Three-Phase Three-Wire Line with Equal Phase Spacing	159	(3)
Inductance: Composite Conductors, Unequal Phase Spacing, Bundled Conductors	162	(8)
Series Impedances: Three-Phase Line with Neutral Conductors and Earth Return	170	(5)
Electric Field and Voltage: Solid Cylindrical Conductor	175	(3)
Capacitance: Single-Phase Two-Wire Line and Three-Phase Three-Wire Line with Equal Phase Spacing	178	(2)
Capacitance: Stranded Conductors, Unequal Phase Spacing, Bundled Conductors	180	(4)
Shunt Admittances: Lines with Neutral Conductors and Earth Return	184	(5)
Electric Field Strength at Conductor Surfaces and at Ground Level	189	(3)
Parallel Circuit Three-Phase Lines	192	(7)
Transmission Lines: Steady-State Operation	199	(51)
Case Study: FACTS Technology Development: An Update	200	(8)
Medium and Short Line Approximations	208	(7)
Transmission-Line Differential Equations	215	(6)
Equivalent π Circuit	221	(2)
Lossless Lines	223	(9)
Maximum Power Flow	232	(2)
Line Loadability	234	(5)
Reactive Compensation Techniques	239	(11)
Power Flows	250	(69)
Case Study: Visualizing the Electric Grid	251	(10)
Direct Solutions to Linear Algebraic Equations: Gauss Elimination	261	(4)
Iterative Solutions to Linear Algebraic Equations: Jacobi and Gauss--Seidel	265	(6)
Iterative Solutions to Nonlinear Algebraic Equations: Newton--Raphson	271	(4)
The Power-Flow Problem	275	(6)
Power-Flow Solution	281	(3)
Gauss--Seidel
Power-Flow Solution	284	(8)
Newton--Raphson
Control of Power Flow	292	(4)
Sparsity Techniques	296	(3)
Fast Decoupled Power Flow	299	(20)
Design Projects 1--5	307	(12)
Symmetrical Faults	319	(37)
Case Study: The Problem of Arcing Faults in Low-Voltage Power Distribution Systems	320	(2)
Series R-L Circuit Transients	322	(3)
Three-Phase Short Circuit---Unloaded Synchronous Machine	325	(3)
Power System Three-Phase Short Circuits	328	(4)
Bus Impedance Matrix	332	(8)
Circuit Breaker and Fuse Selection	340	(16)
Design Project 4 (continued)	354	(2)
Symmetrical Components	356	(40)
Definition of Symmetrical Components	357	(5)
Sequence Networks of Impedance Loads	362	(8)
Sequence Networks of Series Impedances	370	(2)
Sequence Networks of Three-Phase Lines	372	(2)
Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines	374	(6)
Per-Unit Sequence Models of Three-Phase Two-Winding Transformers	380	(5)
Per-Unit Sequence Models of Three-Phase Three-Winding Transformers	385	(3)
Power in Sequence Networks	388	(8)
Unsymmetrical Faults	396	(42)
Case Study: Fires at U.S. Utilities	397	(1)
System Representation	398	(5)
Single Line-to-Ground Fault	403	(5)
Line-to-Line Fault	408	(2)
Double Line-to-Ground Fault	410	(7)
Sequence Bus Impedance Matrices	417	(21)
Design Project 4 (continued)	435	(1)
Design Project 6	436	(2)
System Protection	438	(66)
Case Study: Digital Relay Reports Verify Power System Models	439	(10)
System Protection Components	449	(1)
Instrument Transformers	450	(7)
Overcurrent Relays	457	(4)
Radial System Protection	461	(5)
Reclosers and Fuses	466	(3)
Directional Relays	469	(2)
Protection of Two-Source System with Directional Relays	471	(1)
Zones of Protection	472	(3)
Line Protection with Impedance (Distance) Relays	475	(7)
Differential Relays	482	(2)
Bus Protection with Differential Relays	484	(1)
Transformer Protection with Differential Relays	485	(5)
Pilot Relaying	490	(1)
Digital Relaying	491	(13)
Power System Controls	504	(43)
Case Study: Meet the Emerging Transmission Market Segments	507	(9)
Generator-Voltage Control	516	(1)
Turbine-Governor Control	517	(4)
Load-Frequency Control	521	(4)
Economic Dispatch	525	(13)
Optimal Power Flow	538	(9)
Transmission Lines: Transient Operation	547	(61)
Case Study: Protecting Computer Systems Against Power Transients	548	(7)
Case Study: VariSTAR® Type AZE Surge Arresters	555	(3)
Traveling Waves on Single-Phase Lossless Lines	558	(3)
Boundary Conditions for Single-Phase Lossless Lines	561	(9)
Bewley Lattice Diagram	570	(5)
Discrete-Time Models of Single-Phase Lossless Lines and Lumped RLC Elements	575	(7)
Lossy Lines	582	(4)
Multiconductor Lines	586	(3)
Power System Overvoltages	589	(7)
Insulation Coordination	596	(12)
Transient Stability	608	(36)
Case Study: The Great Blackout	610	(3)
The Swing Equation	613	(6)
Simplified Synchronous Machine Model and System Equivalents	619	(2)
The Equal-Area Criterion	621	(7)
Numerical Integration of the Swing Equation	628	(5)
Multimachine Stability	633	(5)
Design Methods for Improving Transient Stability	638	(6)
Appendix	644	(4)
Index	648