The Practice of Social Work: Applications of Generalist and Advanced Content

by ZASTROW

• ISBN13: 9780534600303
• ISBN10: 0534600301
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-07-11
• Publisher: Brooks Cole

Summary

Part I: INTRODUCTION. 1. Overview of Social Work Practice. 2. Social Work Values. Part II: SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE. 3. Assessment. 4. Social Work with Individuals: Interviewing. 5. Social Work with Individuals: Counseling. 6. Social Work with Groups: Types of Groups and Guidelines for Leading Them. 7. Social Work with Groups: Concepts and Skills. 8. Social Work with Families. 9. Social Work with Organizations. 10. Social Work Community Practice. 11. Evaluating Social Work Practice. 12. Social Work Practice with Diverse Groups. 13. Spirituality and Religion in Social Work Practice. Part III: TAKING CARE OF SELF. 14. Surviving and Enjoying Social Work. COUNSELING THEORIES RESOURCE MANUAL (CTRM). Ctrm 1. Psychoanalysis. Ctrm 2. Client-Centered therapy. Ctrm 3. Transactional Analysis. Ctrm 4. Behavior Therapy. Ctrm 5. Reality Therapy. Ctrm 6. Rational Therapy. Ctrm 7. A Feminist Perspective on Therapy. Ctrm 8. Neuro-Linguistic Programming. Ctrm 9. Prominent Specific Treatment Techniques. Ctrm 10. Sex Counseling And Therapy. Ctrm 11. Analysis Of Therapy Approaches.

Table of Contents

PART 1 Introduction	1	(56)
Overview of Social Work Practice	2	(31)
The Purpose of This Chapter	2	(1)
The History of Social Work	2	(2)
A Definition of Social Work	4	(1)
The Relationship Between Social Work and Social Welfare	5	(1)
What Is the Profession of Social Work?	5	(1)
Generalist Social Work Practice	5	(10)
The Change Process	7	(6)
A Variety of Roles	13	(2)
A Systems Perspective	15	(1)
Counseling as a Component of Generalist Practice	15	(1)
The Medical Model versus the Ecological Model of Human Behavior	16	(3)
The Medical Model	16	(2)
The Ecological Model	18	(1)
Goals of Social Work Practice	19	(2)
Micro, Mezzo, and Macro Practice	21	(2)
Social Casework	21	(1)
Case Management	21	(1)
Group Work	22	(1)
Group Therapy	22	(1)
Family Therapy	22	(1)
Community Organization	22	(1)
Policy Analysis	22	(1)
Administration	23	(1)
The Knowledge, Skills, and Values Needed For Social Work Practice	23	(6)
Knowledge	23	(2)
Core Practice Skills	25	(2)
Values	27	(1)
Goals of Social Work Education	28	(1)
Objectives of Social Work Education	28	(1)
A Greater Focus on Outcomes	29	(2)
Key Objectives	29	(1)
Which Intervention Strategies Should Social Workers Learn?	30	(1)
Summary	31	(1)
Exercises	31	(2)
Social Work Values	33	(24)
Value Dilemmas	33	(2)
Knowledge and Values	35	(1)
Value Dilemmas of Clients versus Workers	35	(2)
Respect for the Dignity and Uniqueness of the Individual	37	(1)
The Client's Right to Self--Determination	38	(2)
Confidentiality	40	(6)
Privacy and Confidentiality in the Era of Modern Computer Technology	43	(1)
Privileged Communication	44	(1)
Explaining Confidentiality to Clients	45	(1)
Ethical Dilemmas About AIDS	46	(2)
Other Values	48	(4)
The Institutional Orientation	48	(1)
Establishing Professional Boundaries with Clients	49	(2)
Promoting Social and Economic Justice	51	(1)
Focus on Family	51	(1)
Accountability	52	(1)
Summary	52	(1)
Exercises	53	(4)
PART 2 Social Work Practice	57	(266)
Assessment	58	(24)
The Strengths Perspective	59	(2)
Sources of Information	61	(2)
The Client's Verbal Report	61	(1)
Assessment Forms	61	(1)
Computer-Assisted Assessment Forms	62	(1)
Collateral Sources	62	(1)
Psychological Tests	62	(1)
Nonverbal Behavior	62	(1)
Interactions with Significant Others and Home Visits	62	(1)
Worker's Conclusions from Direct Interactions	63	(1)
Knowledge Used in Making an Assessment	63	(2)
Environmental Systems Emphasis	65	(1)
Assessing Problems	65	(6)
A Systems Perspective: The Pincus-Minahan Model	71	(8)
Summary	79	(1)
Exercises	80	(2)
Social Work with Individuals: Interviewing	82	(12)
Three Types of Social Work Interviews	82	(2)
Informational or Social History Interviews	82	(1)
Assessment Interviews	83	(1)
Therapeutic Interviews	83	(1)
The Place of the Interview	84	(2)
Opening the First Interview	86	(1)
When Interviewer-Initiated	86	(1)
When Interviewer-Initiated	86	(1)
Closing an Interview	86	(1)
Questioning	87	(1)
Note Taking	88	(2)
Tape Recording and Videotaping	90	(1)
Videotaping For Training Purposes	90	(1)
Summary	91	(2)
Exercise	93	(1)
Social Work with Individuals: Counseling	94	(22)
Counseling from the Worker's Perspective	94	(1)
Counseling from the Client's Perspective	95	(9)
Stage I: Problem Awareness	95	(1)
Stage II: Relationship to Counselor	95	(2)
Stage III: Motivation	97	(1)
Stage IV: Conceptualizing the Problem	98	(3)
Stage V: Exploration of Resolution Strategies	101	(1)
Stage VI: Selection of a Strategy	101	(1)
Stage VII: Implementation	101	(3)
Stage VIII: Evaluation	104	(1)
Clients Reactions to Having a Personal Problem	104	(7)
Kubler-Ross's Five Stages of Dying	108	(1)
Kubler-Ross's Five Stages as Emotional Reactions	108	(3)
Summary	111	(1)
Exercises	112	(4)
Social Work with Group: Types of Groups and Guidelines for Leading Them	116	(27)
Types of Groups	117	(15)
Recreation Groups	117	(1)
Recreation-Skill Groups	117	(1)
Educational Groups	117	(1)
Task Groups	117	(1)
Problem-Solving and Decision-Making Groups	117	(6)
Focus Groups	123	(1)
Self Help Groups	123	(4)
Socialization Groups	127	(1)
Therapy Groups	127	(3)
Encounter Groups	130	(2)
How to Start, Read, and Terminate Groups	132	(9)
Homework	132	(1)
Session Planning	133	(1)
Relaxing Before a Meeting	134	(1)
Cues on Entering the Meeting Room	134	(1)
Seating Arrangements	135	(1)
Introductions	135	(1)
Role Clarification	135	(1)
Agenda	136	(1)
Additional Guidelines for Leading a Group	136	(1)
Terminating a Group	136	(2)
Evaluating a Group	138	(3)
Summary	141	(1)
Exercises	141	(2)
Social Work with Groups: Concepts and Skills	143	(31)
Membership and Reference Groups	143	(1)
Group Development	144	(2)
Garland, Jones, and Kolodny Model	144	(1)
Tuckman Model	145	(1)
Bales Model	145	(1)
Task and Maintenance Roles	146	(1)
Leadership Theory	147	(3)
The Trait Approach	147	(1)
The Position Approach	148	(1)
The Style Approach	149	(1)
The Distributed Functions Approach	149	(1)
Social Power Bases in Groups	150	(1)
Personal Goals and Group Goals	151	(1)
Conformity	152	(1)
Idiosyncratic Credits	153	(1)
Competitive and Cooperative Groups	154	(1)
Controversy and Creativity	154	(1)
The Win-Lose Approach versus the Problem-Solving Approach	155	(2)
Strategies to Resolve Conflicts	157	(2)
Role Reversal	157	(1)
Empathy	157	(1)
Inquiry	157	(1)
I-Messages	157	(1)
Disarming	158	(1)
Stroking	158	(1)
Mediation	158	(1)
What If These Strategies Don't Work?	158	(1)
Handling Disruptive Behavior	159	(2)
Group Size	161	(1)
Starting, Leading; and Ending Therapy Groups	161	(6)
Building Rapport	162	(1)
Exploring Problems in Depth	163	(1)
Exploring Alternative Solutions	164	(1)
Ending a Session	165	(1)
Ending a Group	165	(2)
Co-Facilitating Groups	167	(1)
Legal Safeguards for Group Facilitators	168	(1)
Summary	169	(1)
Exercises	170	(4)
Social Work with Families	174	(37)
Diversity of Family Forms	174	(2)
Societal Functions of Families	176	(1)
Family Problems and the Nature of Social Work	177	(2)
Family Assessment	179	(2)
The Eco-Map	179	(1)
The Genogram	180	(1)
Family Therapy in Systems Perspective	181	(4)
Four Approaches to Family Therapy	185	(9)
Virginia Satir	188	(2)
Salvador Minuchin	190	(2)
Jay Haley	192	(1)
Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagi	193	(1)
Constructivist Approach-A Recent Trend	194	(1)
Problem-Solving Stages	195	(12)
Beginning the Counseling Process	196	(3)
Continuing the Counseling Process	199	(4)
Restructuring the Family System	203	(4)
Maintenance of Gains and Termination of Counseling	207	(1)
Summary	207	(1)
Exercises	208	(3)
Social Work with Organizations	211	(15)
Models of Organizational Behavior	212	(6)
The Autocratic Model	212	(1)
The Custodial Model	212	(1)
The Scientific Management Model	213	(1)
The Human Relations Model	213	(1)
Theory X and Theory Y	214	(1)
The Collegial Model	214	(1)
Theory Z	215	(1)
Management by Objectives	215	(1)
Total Quality Management	216	(1)
Summary Comments About Models of Organizational Behavior	217	(1)
Value Orientations in Organizational Decision Making	217	(1)
Liberalism versus Conservatism	218	(1)
Surviving in a Bureaucracy	219	(3)
Summary	222	(1)
Exercises	222	(4)
Social Work Community Practice	226	(27)
Models of Community, Practice	227	(3)
Locality-Development Model	227	(3)
Social-Planning Model	230	(1)
Social-Action Model	230	(1)
Generalist-Practice Skills and Macropractice	230	(2)
Knowledge for Macropractice	232	(5)
Know Your Community	232	(1)
Know the Organizations	233	(3)
Know Funding Sources and Funding Cycles	236	(1)
Skills for Macropractice-Group Decision-Making Skills	237	(4)
Brainstorming	237	(1)
Nominal-Group Technique	238	(1)
Needs Assessment	238	(3)
PR Skills	241	(1)
Know Your Media	241	(1)
Use Media Skillfully	242	(1)
Fund-Raising	242	(1)
Political Activity and Lobbying	243	(1)
Community Practice-A Problem-Solving Process	244	(4)
Preplanning: Questions to Ask	245	(1)
Planning: Plans to Make	245	(2)
Impact: Steps to Take	247	(1)
Values and Macropractice	248	(2)
A Focus on Assets	250	(1)
Summary	250	(1)
Exercises	251	(2)
Evaluating Social Work Practice	253	(22)
What Is Evaluation?	253	(1)
The Single-System Evaluation Approach	254	(11)
Specify the Goal	255	(1)
Select Suitable Measures	255	(3)
Record Baseline Data	258	(1)
Implement the Intervention and Continue Monitoring	259	(1)
Assess Change	260	(4)
Infer Effectiveness	264	(1)
Threats to Validity	264	(1)
Single-System Designs	265	(1)
The Basic AB Design	265	(1)
Withdrawal Designs	265	(1)
Evaluating Programs	266	(1)
Evaluation in a Managed Care Environment	267	(1)
The Ethics of Evaluation	268	(1)
Information Technology in Social Work Practice	268	(4)
Assessment and Testing	269	(1)
Computerized Clinical Records	269	(1)
Practice Management and Billing	270	(1)
Managed Care Applications	270	(1)
Expert Systems	270	(1)
Computer-Based Interventions	270	(1)
Graphing Packages	271	(1)
Internet and Online Services	271	(1)
Summary	272	(1)
Exercises	273	(2)
Social Work Practice with Diverse Group	275	(34)
Problems and Barriers	275	(6)
Native American Clients	276	(1)
African American Clients	277	(1)
Latino Clients	277	(2)
Gay and Lesbian Clients	279	(1)
Rural Settings	279	(1)
Feminist Social Work	280	(1)
Other Examples	280	(1)
Knowledge You Will Need for Cross-Cultural Work	281	(3)
Knowledge of Self	281	(1)
Knowledge of Differences	281	(3)
Applying Your Knowledge: Techniques of Intervention	284	(11)
African American Client-White Worker	285	(1)
Latino Client-Non-Latino Worker	286	(2)
Native American Client-Non-Native American Worker	288	(2)
Female Client-Male Worker	290	(3)
Gay and Lesbian Clients	293	(1)
Rural Settings	294	(1)
Other Differences Affecting Practice	295	(1)
Ethnic-Sensitive Practice	295	(1)
Some General Observations	296	(1)
Macro Strategies to Promote Social and Economic Justice	297	(7)
Social Programs	297	(1)
Mass Media Appeals	298	(1)
Civil Rights Laws	298	(1)
Activism	298	(1)
School Busing	299	(1)
Affirmative Action Programs	300	(2)
Minority-Owned Businesses	302	(1)
Confrontation of Jokes and Discriminatory Actions	302	(1)
Grassroots Approaches to Improving Inner Cities	302	(2)
Summary	304	(1)
Exercises	304	(5)
Spirituality and Religion in Social Work Practice	309	(14)
Spirituality and Religion	309	(1)
Rationale for the Use of Spirituality and Religion in Social Work Practice	310	(3)
Spiritual and Religious Assessments of Clients	313	(1)
Spiritual and Religious Interventions with Clients	314	(2)
Social Work and Religion in Limited Partnership	316	(2)
Summary	318	(1)
Exercises	319	(4)
PART 3 Taking Care of Self	323	(28)
Surviving and Enjoying Social Work	324	(27)
Students Common Concerns	324	(5)
Will I Be Able to Make It in Field Placement?	324	(1)
Will I Conduct a Satisfactory Interview with My First Client?	325	(1)
My Supervisor Interviews Much Better Than I Will I Ever Be Able to Do That Well?	326	(1)
How Do I Separate the Roles of Counselor and Friend?	326	(1)
How Do I Avoid Becoming Too Emotionally Involved?	327	(1)
Do I Really Want a Career in Social Work?	328	(1)
Safety Guidelines for Social Workers	329	(4)
Environmental Signals of Danger	329	(1)
Client Signals of Danger	329	(1)
Worker Signals of Danger	330	(1)
Assault Cycle	330	(1)
Preventing Violence	331	(1)
Safeguards in the Workplace	332	(1)
Response Planning	332	(1)
Home Visits	333	(1)
Burnout	333	(5)
Definitions and Symptoms of Burnout	333	(1)
Burnout Is a Reaction to High Stress	334	(1)
Structural Causes of Stress That May Lead to Burnout	335	(1)
Approaches to Manage Stress and Prevent Burnout	336	(2)
Enjoying Social Work and Your Life	338	(8)
Become a Positive Thinker	339	(1)
Develop an Identity	340	(1)
Use Rational Challenges to Develop a Success Identity	341	(5)
Summary	346	(1)
Exercises	347	(4)
Counseling Theories Resource Manual (CTRM)	351	(2)
MODULE 1 Psychoanalysis	353	(11)
Sigmund Freud	353	(1)
The Mind	353	(3)
Emphasis on the Unconscious	353	(1)
The Id, Superego, and Ego	353	(3)
Psychosexual Development	356	(1)
Oral Stage	356	(1)
Anal Stage	356	(1)
Phallic Stage	356	(1)
Latency Stage	357	(1)
Genital Stage	357	(1)
Psychopathological Development	357	(1)
Psychoanalysis	357	(2)
Hypnosis	358	(1)
Free Association	358	(1)
Dream Analysis	358	(1)
Transference	359	(1)
Evaluation	359	(3)
Summary	362	(1)
Exercises	362	(2)
MODULE 2 Client-Centered Therapy	364	(7)
Central Concepts	364	(1)
Theory of Personality Development and Psychopathology	365	(1)
Theory of Therapy	366	(1)
Evaluation	367	(3)
Summary	370	(1)
Exercise	370	(1)
MODULE 3 Transactional Analysis	371	(14)
Theory of Personality Development	371	(6)
Personality Structure	371	(1)
Psychosocial Drives	372	(1)
Types of Transactions	373	(1)
Common Games	374	(1)
Life Scripts	375	(2)
Theory of Psychopathology	377	(3)
Theory of Therapy	380	(2)
Game Analysis	380	(1)
Script Analysis	380	(2)
Evaluation	382	(1)
Summary	383	(1)
Exercises	383	(2)
MODULE 4 Behavior Therapy	385	(20)
Founders	385	(1)
Types of Learning Processes	385	(2)
Operant Conditioning	385	(1)
Respondent Conditioning	386	(1)
Modeling	387	(1)
Theory of Psychotherapy	387	(1)
Assertiveness Training	388	(3)
Overview of Assertiveness Training	388	(1)
Steps in Assertiveness Training	389	(1)
Helping Others Become More Assertive	390	(1)
Behavior Rehearsal	391	(1)
Token Economies	392	(1)
Contingency Contracting	392	(1)
Systematic Desensitization	393	(1)
In Vivo Desensitization	394	(1)
Implosive Therapy	395	(1)
Implosive Therapy	396	(1)
Covert Sensitization	396	(1)
Aversive Techniques	397	(1)
Cognitive Behavior-Modification Techniques	398	(3)
Thought Stopping and Covert Assertion	398	(1)
Diversion Techniques	399	(1)
Reframing	399	(2)
Evaluation	401	(1)
Summary	402	(1)
Exercises	402	(3)
MODULE 5 Reality Therapy	405	(12)
Theories of Personality Development and Psychopathology	405	(3)
Control Theory	405	(1)
Identity Theory	406	(2)
Theory of Therapy	408	(6)
Evaluation	414	(1)
Summary	415	(1)
Exercises	416	(1)
MODULE 6 Rational Therapy	417	(19)
Theory of Personality Development and Psychopathology	417	(4)
Self-Talk Determines Our Feelings and Actions	417	(1)
Personality Development and Self Concept Formations	418	(1)
Additional Aspects of Self Talk	419	(1)
Understanding Deviant Behavior	420	(1)
Theory of Therapy	421	(2)
Rational Self Analysis	421	(1)
Therapy Is an Educational Process	422	(1)
An Eclectic Approach	422	(1)
Common Irrational Beliefs	423	(1)
What Really Causes Change?	423	(7)
What Causes Disturbing Emotions and Ineffective Actions?	423	(1)
Restructuring Thinking: Is This the Key Therapeutic Agent?	423	(5)
Nontraditional Psychotherapy Techniques	428	(2)
Explaining Mental Illness from a Rational Therapy Perspective	430	(2)
What Is Schizophrenia?	430	(1)
A Perspective from Rational Therapy	431	(1)
A Bizarre Murder	431	(1)
Evaluation	432	(2)
Summary	434	(1)
Exercises	434	(2)
MODULE 7 A Feminist Perspective on Therapy	436	(18)
A History of Sex Roles and Sexism	436	(2)
Contemporary Women's Issues	438	(5)
Social Work's Response to Women's Issues	443	(1)
The Feminist Perspective	444	(2)
Principles of Feminist Therapy	446	(2)
Evaluation	448	(3)
Summary	451	(1)
Exercises	452	(2)
MODULE 8 Neuro-Linguistic Programming	454	(10)
NLP Defined	454	(1)
Representational Systems	455	(1)
Representational System Predicates	455	(3)
Eye-Accessing Cues	458	(1)
The Four-Tuple	458	(1)
Causing Change by Communicating in Metaphor	459	(1)
Reframing	460	(1)
Therapeutic Change Often Occurs Without Knowing the Cause of the Problem	460	(1)
Evaluation	461	(1)
Summary	462	(1)
Exercises	463	(1)
MODULE 9 Prominent Specific Treatment Techniques	464	(27)
Milieu Therapy	464	(1)
Psychodrama	465	(1)
Play Therapy	466	(1)
Parental Education: Parent Effectiveness Training	466	(5)
Parents Are People, Not Gods	467	(1)
Who Owns the Problem?	468	(1)
PET Techniques	468	(3)
Crisis Intervention	471	(2)
Task-Centered Practice	473	(1)
Solution-Focused Therapy	474	(1)
Mediation	475	(2)
Relaxation Approaches	477	(4)
Muscle Relaxation Approaches	477	(1)
Deep-Breathing and Imagery Relaxation Approaches	478	(3)
Meditation	481	(2)
Hypnosis and Self-Hypnosis	483	(2)
Biofeedback	485	(2)
Summary	487	(1)
Exercises	488	(3)
MODULE 10 Sex Counseling and Therapy	491	(20)
Knowledge	492	(1)
Assumptions	492	(1)
Words	492	(1)
Levels of Intervention	493	(2)
Sex Offender Counseling	495	(1)
AIDS	495	(6)
AIDS and the Sexual Revolution	495	(3)
Transmission of HIV	498	(1)
Symptoms	499	(1)
Testing for AIDS	499	(1)
Who Has AIDS?	500	(1)
Sexual Problems	501	(7)
Sexual Dysfunctions Defined	501	(6)
Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction	507	(1)
Summary	508	(1)
Exercises	509	(2)
MODULE 11 Analysis of Therapy Approaches	511	(9)
Comparison of Counseling Theories	511	(2)
Insight versus Resolution Approaches	513	(1)
Is Counseling Effective?	513	(5)
Summary	518	(1)
Exercises	519	(1)
Appendix	520	(1)
References	521	(14)
Index	535