Prehospital Emergency Care (Book with CD-ROM)

by Mistovich, Joseph J.

• ISBN13: 9780835957052
• ISBN10: 0835957055
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-08-01
• Publisher: PRENTICE HALL HEALTH

Summary

Prehospital Emergency Care provides a comprehensive and student-friendly approach to EMT - Basic education. The author takes great care to provide a foundation for the skills needed to be a successful EMT - Basic. In addition, he offers clinical insight throughout the text so students have a better understanding when performing patient assessment and providing patient care. This book is ideal for the EMT-Basic who wants to go above and beyond the DOT requirements.

Table of Contents

Assessment Summaries/Emergency Care Protocols/Algorithms	xvi
Features of This Textbook	xvii
Acknowledgments	xx
Module 1 PREPARATORY
Introduction to Emergency Medical Care	1	(11)
The Emergency Medical Services System	3	(2)
A Brief History	3	(1)
Current Standards	3	(2)
The EMT-Basic	5	(7)
Roles and Responsibilities	5	(2)
Professional Attributes	7	(1)
Medical Direction	8	(1)
Quality Improvement	9	(3)
The Well-Being of the EMT-Basic	12	(17)
Emotional Aspects of Emergency Care	14	(4)
Death and Dying	14	(1)
High Stress Situations	15	(1)
Stress Management	15	(2)
Critical Incident Stress Debriefing	17	(1)
Scene Safety	18	(7)
Protecting Yourself from Disease	18	(5)
Protecting Yourself from Accidental Injury	23	(2)
Enrichment	25	(4)
Diseases of Concern	25	(4)
Medical, Legal, and Ethical Issues	29	(10)
The Scope of Practice	31	(1)
Legal Duties	31	(1)
Ethical Responsibilities	32	(1)
Issues of Patient Consent and Refusal	32	(3)
Advance Directives	32	(1)
Types of Consent	32	(2)
Refusing Treatment	34	(1)
Other Legal Aspects of Emergency Care	35	(4)
More About the Duty to Act	35	(1)
Abandonment and Negligence	35	(1)
Confidentiality	35	(1)
Special Situations	36	(3)
The Human Body	39	(31)
Anatomical Terms	40	(2)
Body Systems	42	(20)
The Musculoskeletal System	42	(9)
The Respiratory System	51	(4)
The Circulatory System	55	(4)
The Nervous System	59	(2)
The Endocrine System	61	(1)
The Skin	61	(1)
Enrichment	62	(8)
The Digestive System	62	(2)
The Urinary System	64	(1)
The Reproductive System	64	(6)
Baseline Vital Signs and History Taking	70	(13)
Baseline Vital Signs	72	(7)
Breathing (Respiration)	73	(1)
Pulse	73	(2)
Skin	75	(2)
Pupils	77	(1)
Blood Pressure	77	(2)
Vital Sign Reassessment	79	(1)
The Sample History	79	(4)
Preparing to Lift and Move Patients	83	(9)
Body Mechanics	84	(3)
Four Basic Principles	84	(1)
Posture and Fitness	85	(1)
Communications and Teamwork	86	(1)
General Guidelines for Lifting and Moving	87	(5)
The Power Lift	87	(1)
The Squat Lift	87	(2)
One-Handed Carrying Technique	89	(1)
Stair-Chair Technique	89	(1)
Reaching	89	(1)
Pushing and Pulling	90	(2)
Module 2 AIRWAY
Airway Management, Ventilation, and Oxygen Therapy	92	(36)
Respiratory System Review	94	(4)
Anatomy of the Respiratory System	94	(2)
Mechanics of Breathing	96	(1)
Respiratory Physiology	96	(1)
Airway Anatomy in Infants and Children	97	(1)
Airway Assessment	98	(8)
Opening the Mouth	98	(1)
Opening the Airway	99	(1)
Suction Equipment and Technique	100	(3)
Airway Adjuncts	103	(3)
Assessment of Breathing	106	(2)
Adequate Breathing	107	(1)
Inadequate Breathing	107	(1)
Techniques of Artificial Ventilation	108	(8)
Basic Consideration	108	(1)
Mouth-to-Mouth Ventilation	109	(1)
Mouth-to-Mask Ventilation	110	(1)
Bag-Valve-Mask Ventilation	111	(3)
Flow-Restricted, Oxygen-Powered Ventilation Device (FROPVD)	114	(1)
Automatic Transport Ventilator	115	(1)
Oxygen Delivery	116	(6)
Oxygen Cylinders	116	(1)
Safety Precautions	116	(1)
Pressure Regulators	117	(1)
Oxygen Humidifiers	117	(1)
Oxygen Administration Procedures	117	(1)
Terminating Oxygen Therapy	118	(1)
Transferring the Oxygen Source: Portable to On-Board	118	(1)
Oxygen Delivery Equipment	119	(3)
Special Considerations in Airway Management and Ventilation	122	(6)
A Patient with a Stoma or Tracheostomy Tube	122	(2)
Infants and Children	124	(1)
Patients with Facial Injuries	124	(1)
Foreign Body Airway Obstruction	124	(1)
Dental Appliances	124	(4)
Module 3 PATIENT ASSESSMENT
Scene Size-Up	128	(18)
Determine Scene Safety	129	(9)
Obtain Dispatch Information	130	(1)
Take Body Substance Isolation Precautions	130	(1)
Consider Scene Characteristics	131	(6)
Protect the patient	137	(1)
Protect Bystanders	137	(1)
Control the Scene	138	(1)
Determine the Nature of the Problem	138	(3)
Determine the Mechanism of Injury	139	(1)
Determine the Nature of the Illness	140	(1)
Determine the Number of Patients	141	(1)
Gain Scene Control and Establish Rapport	141	(5)
Achieve a Smooth Transition of Care	142	(1)
Reduce the Patient's Anxiety	142	(1)
Maintain Control	143	(3)
Patient Assessment	146	(70)
Components of the Patient Assessment: An Overview	147	(3)
Scene Size-up	150	(1)
Initial Assessment	150	(3)
Form A General Impression of the Patient	153	(2)
Determine if the Patient Is Ill or Injured	153	(1)
Obtain the Chief Complaint	154	(1)
Identify Immediate Life Threats	154	(1)
Establish In-Line Stabilization	155	(1)
Position the Patient for Assessment	155	(1)
Assess Mental Status	155	(3)
Asses the Level of Responsiveness	156	(2)
Document the Level of Responsiveness	158	(1)
Assess the Airway	158	(1)
Determine Airway Status	158	(1)
Open the Airway	158	(1)
Indications of Partial Airway Occlusion	159	(1)
Assess Breathing	159	(2)
Assess Rate and Quality of Breathing	159	(2)
Assesses Circulation	161	(3)
Assess Pulse	161	(1)
Identify Major Bleeding	162	(1)
Assess Perfusion	162	(2)
Establish Patient Priorities	164	(1)
Focused History and Physical Exam	165	(2)
Focused History and Physical Exam---Trauma Patient	167	(1)
Reevaluate the Mechanism of Injury	168	(1)
Significant Mechanisms of Injury	169	(1)
Trauma Patient with Significant Mechanism of Injury or Critical Finding	169	(15)
Continue Spinal Stabilization	169	(1)
Consider an Advanced Life Support Request	170	(1)
Reconsider the Transport Decision	170	(1)
Reassess Mental Status	170	(1)
Perform a Rapid Trauma Assessment	171	(9)
Assess Baseline Vital Signs	180	(1)
Obtain a SAMPLE History	180	(1)
Prepare the Patient for Transport	181	(1)
Provide Emergency Care	182	(1)
Trauma Score	182	(2)
Trauma Patient with No Significant Mechanism of Injury or Critical Finding	184	(1)
Perform a Focused Trauma Assessment	184	(1)
Obtain Baseline Vital Signs and SAMPLE History	184	(1)
Sometimes Perform a Rapid Trauma Assessment	185	(1)
Focused History and Physical Exam---Medical Patient	185	(1)
Unresponsive Medical Patient	186	(6)
Perform a Rapid Medical Assessment	187	(3)
Assess Baseline Vital Signs	190	(1)
Position the Patient	191	(1)
Obtain a SAMPLE History	191	(1)
Provide Emergency Care	192	(1)
Make a Transport Decision	192	(1)
Responsive Medical Patient	192	(2)
Assess Patient Complaints: OPQRST	192	(1)
Obtain a SAMPLE History	193	(1)
Perform a Focused Medical Assessment	193	(1)
Assess Baseline Vital Signs	193	(1)
Provide Emergency Care	193	(1)
Make a Transport Decision	193	(1)
Detailed Physical Exam	194	(1)
When to Perform a Detailed Physical Exam	195	(1)
How to Perform a Detailed Physical Exam	195	(12)
Perform the Detailed Physical Exam	196	(10)
Reassess Vital Signs	206	(1)
Continue Emergency Care	206	(1)
Ongoing Assessment	207	(1)
Purposes of the Ongoing Assessment	207	(2)
Detect Any Change in Condition	208	(1)
Identify Any Missed Injuries or Conditions	208	(1)
Adjust the Emergency Care	209	(1)
Repeat the Initial Assessment	209	(1)
Reassess Mental Status	209	(1)
Reassess the Airway	209	(1)
Reassess Breathing	209	(1)
Reassess Circulation	209	(1)
Reestablish Patient Priorities	210	(1)
Reassess and Record Vital Signs	210	(1)
Repeat the Focused Assessment for Other Complaints	210	(1)
Check Interventions	210	(1)
Note Trends in Patient Condition	211	(1)
Communication and Documentation	211	(5)
Assessment of Geriatric Patients	216	(19)
Effects of Aging on Body Systems	217	(3)
The Cardiovascular System	218	(1)
The Respiratory System	218	(1)
The Musculoskeletal System	218	(1)
The Neurological System	218	(1)
The Gastrointestinal System	219	(1)
The Renal System	220	(1)
The Integumentary System	220	(1)
Assessment of the Geriatric Patient	220	(5)
The Scene Size-up	220	(1)
The Initial Assessment	221	(1)
The Focused History and Physical Exam; The Detailed Physical Exam	222	(2)
Emergency Medical Care and Ongoing Assessment	224	(1)
Special Geriatric Assessment Findings	225	(10)
Assessment Finding: Chest Pain or Absence of Chest Pain	225	(1)
Assessment Finding: Shortness of Breath	226	(2)
Assessment Finding: Altered Mental Status	228	(2)
Assessment Finding: Signs of Trauma or Shock	230	(1)
Assessment Finding: Environmental Temperature Extremes	231	(1)
Assessment Finding: Geriatric Abuse	231	(4)
Communication	235	(12)
Components of an Emergency Communications System	237	(2)
Base Station	237	(1)
Mobile Transmitter/Receivers	237	(1)
Portable Transmitter/Receivers	237	(1)
Repeaters	237	(1)
Digital Equipment	238	(1)
Cellular Telephones	238	(1)
Broadcast Regulations	238	(1)
System Maintenance	239	(1)
Communicating within the System	239	(3)
Ground Rules for Radio Communication	240	(1)
Dispatch	240	(1)
Medical Personnel	241	(1)
Interpersonal Communications	242	(2)
Taking Charge	242	(1)
Communicating with the Patient	243	(1)
Special Circumstances	243	(1)
Enrichment	244	(3)
Radio Codes	244	(1)
Times	244	(1)
Radio Terms	244	(3)
Documentation	247	(11)
Reasons for Documentation	249	(1)
Medical Uses	249	(1)
Administrative Uses	249	(1)
Legal Uses	249	(1)
Educational and Research Uses	249	(1)
The Prehospital Care Report	249	(4)
PCR Formats	249	(1)
PCR Data	250	(3)
Legal Concerns	253	(2)
Confidentiality	253	(1)
Refusal of Treatment	253	(1)
Falsification	254	(1)
Special Situations	255	(3)
Multiple-Casualty Incidents	255	(1)
Special Reports	255	(3)
Module 4 MEDICAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND OBSTETRICS/ GYNECOLOGY
General Pharmacology	258	(11)
Administering Medications	259	(1)
Medications Commonly Administered by the EMT-B	260	(1)
Medications Carried on the EMS Unit	260	(1)
Medications Prescribed for the Patient	260	(1)
Medication Names	260	(1)
Routes of Administration	261	(1)
Medication Forms	262	(1)
Essential Medication Information	263	(1)
Indications	263	(1)
Contraindications	263	(1)
Dose	264	(1)
Administration	264	(1)
Actions	264	(1)
Side Effects	264	(1)
Key Steps in Administering Medication	264	(2)
Obtain an Order from Medical Direction	264	(1)
Select the Proper Medication	265	(1)
Verify the Patient's Prescription	265	(1)
Check the Expiration Date	265	(1)
Check for Discoloration or Impurities	265	(1)
Verify the Form, Route, and Dose	265	(1)
Documentation	266	(1)
Reassessment Following Administration	266	(1)
Sources of Medication Information	266	(3)
Respiratory Emergencies	269	(24)
Breathing Difficulty	271	(9)
Assessment and Care: Breathing Difficulty	271	(5)
Metered Dose Inhalers	276	(4)
Breathing Difficulty in the Infant or Child	280	(4)
Breathing Difficulty in the Infant or Child: Assessment and Care	280	(4)
Enrichment	284	(9)
Assessing Breath Sounds	284	(1)
Conditions That Cause Breathing Difficulty	284	(9)
Cardiac Emergencies	293	(19)
Circulatory System Anatomy and Physiology	295	(5)
The Heart	295	(1)
The Cardiac Conduction System	296	(1)
The Blood Vessels	297	(2)
The Blood	299	(1)
Blood Pressure	299	(1)
Inadequate Circulation	300	(1)
Cardiac Compromise	300	(3)
Assessment and Care: Cardiac Compromise	300	(1)
Nitroglycerin	301	(2)
Enrichment	303	(9)
Conditions That May Cause Cardiac Emergencies	303	(9)
Automated External Defibrillation	312	(21)
Cardiac Arrest	314	(2)
The Chain of Survival	314	(2)
Automated External Defibrillation	316	(3)
Types of Defibrillators	316	(2)
Analysis of Cardiac Rhythms	318	(1)
When and When Not to Use the AED	319	(1)
Recognizing and Treating Cardiac Arrest	319	(6)
Assessment and Care: Cardiac Arrest	319	(1)
Performing Defibrillation	320	(4)
Transporting the Cardiac Arrest Patient	324	(1)
Providing for Advanced Cardiac Life Support	325	(1)
Special Considerations for the AED	325	(4)
Safety Considerations	325	(1)
AED Maintenance	325	(1)
Training and Skills Maintenance	326	(1)
Medical Direction and the AED	326	(3)
Enrichment	329	(4)
The Electrocardiogram	329	(1)
Energy Levels of Defibrillators	330	(1)
Cardiac Pacemakers	330	(1)
Automatic Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators	330	(3)
Altered Mental Status---Diabetic Emergencies	333	(15)
Altered Mental Status with Unknown History	335	(2)
Assessment and Care: Altered Mental Status with Unknown History	335	(1)
Conditions That May Cause an Altered Mental Status	336	(1)
Altered Mental Status with a History of Diabetes	337	(3)
Assessment and Care: Altered Mental Status with a History of Diabetes	338	(2)
Oral Glucose	340	(1)
Enrichment	340	(8)
Conditions That May Cause an Altered Mental Status in the Diabetic Patient	340	(8)
Altered Speech, Sensory, or Motor Function: Stroke Emergency	348	(13)
Neurologic Deficit Resulting from Nontraumatic Brain Injury	349	(4)
Assessment and Care: Altered Mental Status with Loss of Speech, Sensory, or Motor Function	349	(4)
Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack	353	(4)
Stroke	353	(2)
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)	355	(2)
Enrichment	357	(4)
Causes of Stroke	357	(4)
Seizures and Syncope	361	(13)
Seizure	362	(7)
Assessment and Care: Altered Mental Status and Seizure	363	(6)
Syncope	369	(2)
Enrichment	371	(3)
Types of Seizures	371	(3)
Allergic Reaction	374	(16)
Allergic Reaction	376	(14)
Causes of Allergic Reaction	376	(1)
Assessment and Care: Allergic Reaction	377	(5)
Epinephrine Auto-Injector	382	(8)
Poisoning Emergencies	390	(18)
Poisons and Airway Management	392	(1)
Ingested Poisons	392	(3)
Assessment and Care: Ingested Poisons	392	(3)
Activated Charcoal	395	(1)
Inhaled Poisons	395	(3)
Assessment and Care: Inhaled Poisons	397	(1)
Injected Poisons	398	(1)
Assessment and Care: Injected Poisons	399	(1)
Absorbed Poisons	399	(2)
Assessment and Care: Absorbed Poisons	400	(1)
Enrichment	401	(7)
Food Poisoning	401	(2)
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning	403	(2)
Poisonous Plants	405	(1)
Poison Control Centers	405	(3)
Drug and Alcohol Emergencies	408	(16)
Drug and Alcohol Emergencies	409	(7)
Assessment and Care: Drug and Alcohol Emergencies	410	(6)
Managing a Violent Drug or Alcohol Patient	416	(1)
Enrichment	416	(8)
Drug Withdrawal	418	(1)
The Alcoholic Syndrome	418	(2)
The Withdrawal Syndrome	420	(1)
Special Considerations for PCP and Cocaine	420	(4)
Acute Abdominal Pain	424	(14)
Abdominal Structure and Function	425	(1)
Acute Abdominal Pain	426	(6)
Assessment and Care: Acute Abdominal Pain	428	(4)
Conditions That May Cause Acute Abdominal Pain	432	(6)
Appendicitis	432	(1)
Pancreatitis	432	(2)
Cholecystitis	434	(1)
Intestinal Obstruction	434	(1)
Hernia	434	(1)
Ulcer	434	(1)
Esophageal Varices	435	(1)
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)	435	(1)
Vomiting and Diarrhea	435	(3)
Environmental Emergencies	438	(30)
Heat and Cold Emergencies	439	(2)
Regulation of Temperature	439	(2)
Exposure to Cold	441	(10)
Generalized Hypothermia	442	(1)
Local Cold Injury	443	(2)
Assessment and Care: Cold-Related Emergency	445	(6)
Exposure to Heat	451	(10)
Hyperthermia	451	(4)
Assessment and Care: Heat-Related Emergency	455	(6)
Bites and Stings	461	(1)
Assessment and Care: Bites and Stings	461	(1)
Enrichment	462	(6)
Heat Cramps	462	(1)
Snakebite	462	(1)
Insect Bites and Stings	463	(1)
Marine Life Bites and Sting	464	(4)
Drowning, Near-Drowning, and Diving Emergencies	468	(14)
Water-Related Emergencies	469	(8)
Near-Drowning and Drowning	470	(1)
Safety Measures in Water-Related Emergencies	471	(1)
Possible Spine Injury	472	(1)
Resuscitation	472	(1)
Assessment and Care: Water-Related Emergencies	473	(4)
Enrichment	477	(5)
Deep-Water Diving Emergencies	477	(5)
Behavioral Emergencies	482	(17)
Behavioral Problems	484	(2)
Behavioral Change	484	(1)
Psychiatric Problems	484	(1)
Violence	485	(1)
Dealing with Behavioral Emergencies	486	(8)
Basic Principles	486	(1)
Techniques for Treating Behavioral Emergency Patients	487	(1)
Assessment and Care: Behavioral Emergencies	488	(4)
Restraining a Patient	492	(2)
Legal Considerations	494	(5)
Consent	494	(1)
Refusal of Care	495	(1)
Using Reasonable Force	495	(1)
Police and Medical Direction	495	(1)
False Accusations	496	(3)
Obstetric and Gynecological Emergencies	499	(30)
Childbirth and Obstetric Emergencies	501	(21)
Anatomy of Pregnancy	501	(1)
Stages of Labor	502	(1)
Assessment and Care: Predelivery Emergency	503	(4)
Assessment and Care: Active Labor and Normal Delivery	507	(6)
Assessment and Care: Active Labor with Abnormal Delivery	513	(2)
Assessment and Care: The Newborn Infant	515	(7)
Gynecological Emergencies	522	(2)
Assessment and Care: Gynecological Emergency	522	(2)
Enrichment	524	(5)
More About Predelivery Emergencies	524	(5)
Module 5 TRAUMA
Mechanisms of Injury: Kinetics of Trauma	529	(19)
The Kinetics of Trauma	530	(3)
Mass and Velocity	530	(1)
Acceleration and Deceleration	531	(1)
Energy Changes Form and Direction	531	(1)
Impacts	532	(1)
Mechanisms of Injury	533	(11)
Vehicle Collisions	533	(9)
Falls	542	(1)
Penetrating Injuries	542	(2)
Blast Injuries	544	(1)
The Golden Hour	544	(4)
Bleeding and Shock	548	(21)
The Circulatory System	550	(1)
The Heart, Blood Vessels, and Blood	550	(1)
Perfusion	550	(1)
External Bleeding	550	(7)
Severity	550	(1)
Types of Bleeding	550	(2)
Assessment and Care: External Bleeding	552	(1)
Methods of Controlling External Bleeding	553	(3)
Bleeding from the Nose, Ears, or Mouth	556	(1)
Internal Bleeding	557	(1)
Severity	557	(1)
Assessment and Care: Internal Bleeding	557	(1)
Shock (Hypoperfusion)	558	(4)
Assessment and Care: Shock (Hypoperfusion)	558	(4)
Enrichment	562	(7)
Hemophilia	562	(1)
More about Shock	562	(7)
Soft Tissue Injuries	569	(22)
The Skin	571	(1)
Closed Soft Tissue Injuries	571	(2)
Contusions	571	(1)
Hematomas	571	(1)
Crush Injuries	571	(1)
Assessment and Care: Closed Soft Tissue Injuries	572	(1)
Open Soft Tissue Injuries	573	(8)
Abrasions	573	(1)
Lacerations	573	(1)
Avulsions	574	(1)
Amputations	574	(1)
Penetrations/Punctures	574	(1)
Crush Injuries	575	(1)
Assessment and Care: Open Soft Tissue Injuries	576	(5)
Dressings and Bandages	581	(4)
Dressings	581	(1)
Bandages	581	(1)
Pressure Dressings	582	(1)
General Principles of Dressing and Bandaging	582	(3)
Enrichment	585	(6)
Other Soft Tissue Injuries	585	(6)
Burn Emergencies	591	(19)
The Skin: Structure and Function Review	593	(1)
Airway, Breathing, and Circulation	593	(1)
Classifying Burns by Depth	593	(2)
Superficial Burns	594	(1)
Partial Thickness Burns	594	(1)
Full Thickness Burns	594	(1)
Determining the Severity of Burn Injuries	595	(6)
Body Surface Area Percentage	595	(1)
Burn Injury Location	596	(1)
Age and Preexisting Medical Conditions	596	(2)
Assessment and Care: Burn Injuries	598	(3)
Chemical Burns	601	(1)
Electrical Burns	602	(2)
Enrichment	604	(6)
Circulatory System	604	(1)
Respiratory System	604	(1)
Renal System (Kidneys)	604	(1)
Nervous and Musculoskeletal Systems	604	(1)
Gastrointestinal System	604	(6)
Musculoskeletal Injuries	610	(24)
Musculoskeletal System Review	611	(2)
The Muscles	611	(1)
Tendons and Ligaments	612	(1)
The Skeletal System	612	(1)
Injuries to Bones and Joints	613	(2)
Mechanism of Injury	613	(1)
Assessment and Care: Bone or Joint Injuries	613	(2)
Basics of Splinting	615	(19)
General Rules of Splinting	617	(3)
Splinting Equipment	620	(2)
Hazards of Improper Splinting	622	(1)
Splinting Long Bone Injuries	622	(2)
Splinting Joint Injuries	624	(1)
Traction Splinting	624	(1)
Splinting Specific Injuries	624	(10)
Injuries to the Head	634	(17)
Anatomy of the Skull and Brain	635	(2)
The Skull	635	(1)
The Brain	636	(1)
Types of Head Injury	637	(7)
Scalp Injuries	637	(1)
Skull Injuries	637	(1)
Brain Injuries	637	(1)
Assessment and Care: Head Injuries	638	(6)
Enrichment	644	(7)
More about Brain Injuries	644	(7)
Injuries to the Spine	651	(38)
The Anatomy and Physiology of Spine Injury	653	(13)
The Nervous System	653	(1)
The Skeletal System	654	(1)
Assessment and Care: Spine Injury	655	(11)
Guidelines for Immobilization	666	(16)
Tools	666	(1)
Immobilization Techniques	667	(15)
Special Considerations	682	(4)
Helmets	682	(2)
Infants and Children	684	(2)
Enrichment	686	(3)
Neurogenic Shock (Spinal Shock)	686	(3)
Eye, Face and Neck Injuries	689	(21)
Anatomy of the Eye, Face and Neck	691	(2)
The Eye	691	(1)
The Face	691	(1)
The Neck	691	(2)
Eye, Face, and Neck Injuries	693	(17)
Assessment and Care: Eye, Face, and Neck Injuries	693	(1)
Injuries to the Eye	694	(7)
Injuries to the Face	701	(4)
Injuries to the Neck	705	(5)
Chest, Abdomen, and Genitalia Injuries	710	(27)
The Chest	712	(10)
Anatomy of the Chest	712	(1)
Chest Injuries	712	(2)
Assessment and Care: Chest Injuries	714	(8)
The Abdomen	722	(5)
Anatomy of the Abdominal Cavity	722	(2)
Abdominal Injuries	724	(1)
Assessment and Care: Abdominal Injuries	724	(3)
The Genitalia	727	(2)
Enrichment	729	(8)
Conditions That May Result from Chest Injury	729	(8)
Agricultural and Industrial Emergencies	737	(11)
Response to Agricultural and Industrial Emergencies	738	(2)
Assessment and Care: Agricultural and Industrial Emergencies	738	(2)
Characteristics of Agricultural Accidents	740	(6)
Mechanisms of Injury	741	(1)
Stabilizing and Shutting Down Agricultural Equipment	741	(3)
Agricultural Storage Devices	744	(1)
Injuries from Livestock	745	(1)
Industrial Rescue	746	(2)
Module 6 INFANTS AND CHILDREN
Infants and Children	748	(43)
Dealing with Caregivers	750	(1)
Dealing with the Child	750	(18)
Developmental Characteristics	750	(2)
Anatomical Differences	752	(2)
Airway and Breathing Problems in Infants and Children	754	(2)
Assessment and Care: Respiratory Emergencies	756	(12)
Medical Problems Common to Infants and Children	768	(7)
Seizures	768	(1)
Altered Mental Status	768	(2)
Poisonings	770	(1)
Fever	771	(1)
Shock (Hypoperfusion)	771	(1)
Near-Drowning	772	(2)
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome	774	(1)
Trauma in Infants and Children	775	(5)
Trauma and the Infant's or Child's Anatomy	776	(1)
Child Abuse and Neglect	777	(3)
Infants and Children with Special Needs	780	(2)
Tracheostomy Tubes	780	(1)
Home Artificial Ventilators	781	(1)
Central Lines	781	(1)
Gastrostomy Tubes	782	(1)
Shunts	782	(1)
Taking Care of Yourself	782	(1)
Enrichment	783	(8)
Pediatric Respiratory Emergencies	783	(2)
Infectious Diseases	785	(1)
Pediatric Field Scoring	785	(1)
Infant and Child Car Seats in Trauma	786	(1)
Four-Point Immobilization of an Infant or Child	787	(4)
Module 7 OPERATIONS
Moving Patients	791	(19)
Lifting and Moving Patients	792	(6)
Emergency Moves	793	(1)
Urgent Moves	794	(1)
Nonurgent Moves	795	(3)
Packaging for Transportation	798	(9)
Equipment	798	(8)
Patient Positioning	806	(1)
Enrichment	807	(3)
Packaging Patients for Air Transport	807	(3)
Ambulance Operations	810	(21)
Driving the Ambulance	812	(2)
Laws, Regulations, and Ordinances	812	(1)
Driving Excellence	812	(2)
Warning Devices	814	(1)
Colors and Markings	814	(1)
Warning Lights and Emergency Lights	814	(1)
Using Your Siren	815	(1)
Using Your Air Horn	815	(1)
Phases of an Ambulance Call	815	(9)
Daily Pre-Run Preparation	815	(2)
Dispatch	817	(1)
En Route to the Scene	817	(1)
At the Scene	818	(2)
En Route to the Receiving Facility	820	(2)
At the Receiving Facility	822	(1)
En Route to the Station	822	(1)
Post Run	822	(2)
Air Medical Transport	824	(3)
When to Request Air Medical Transport	825	(1)
Information Needed When Requesting Air Medical Transport	825	(1)
Setting Up a Landing Zone	825	(2)
Enrichment	827	(4)
Changing Conditions	827	(1)
Carbon Monoxide in Ambulances	828	(3)
Gaining Access and Extrication	831	(15)
Planning Ahead	832	(1)
Dispatch	832	(1)
Location	832	(1)
Motor Vehicle Collisions	833	(1)
Sizing Up the Scene	833	(4)
Personal Protective Equipment	833	(1)
Scene Safety	833	(1)
Locating All Patients	834	(1)
Vehicle Safety	834	(3)
Gaining Access	837	(1)
Residential Access	837	(1)
Motor Vehicle Access	837	(1)
Extrication	838	(2)
The Role of the EMT-B	838	(1)
Caring for the Patient	839	(1)
Enrichment	840	(6)
Stabilizing a Vehicle	840	(1)
Extricating a Patient	841	(5)
Hazardous Materials Emergencies	846	(19)
Identifying Hazardous Materials	847	(8)
What Is a Hazardous Material?	847	(4)
Placards and Shipping Papers	851	(1)
Using Your Senses	851	(1)
Resources	852	(2)
Training Required by Law	854	(1)
Guidelines for Hazardous Materials Rescues	855	(5)
General Rules	855	(1)
Incident Management	855	(4)
Emergency Procedures	859	(1)
Enrichment	860	(5)
Radiation Emergencies	860	(5)
Multiple-Casualty Incidents	865	(14)
Multiple-Casualty Incidents	866	(3)
Establishing Incident Management	867	(1)
Positioning Arriving Vehicles	868	(1)
Triage	869	(5)
Initial Assessment	869	(1)
Priority Levels	869	(2)
Treatment	871	(1)
Staging and Transportation	872	(1)
Communications	873	(1)
Follow-Through	873	(1)
Reducing Stress	873	(1)
Disaster Management	874	(1)
Enrichment	874	(5)
Requirements of Effective Disaster Assistance	874	(1)
Warning and Evacuation	874	(1)
Disaster Communications Systems	874	(1)
The Psychological Impact of Disasters	875	(4)
Module 8 ADVANCED AIRWAY ELECTIVE
Advanced Airway Management	879	(42)
Airway and Respiratory Anatomy and Physiology	881	(3)
Airway Anatomy	881	(2)
Airway Anatomy in Infants and Children	883	(1)
Basic Airway Management	884	(1)
Oropharyngeal Suctioning	884	(1)
Orotracheal Intubation	885	(11)
Advantages	885	(1)
Indications	885	(1)
Body Substance Isolation	886	(1)
Equipment	886	(3)
Sellick's Maneuver (Cricoid Pressure)	889	(1)
Endotracheal Tube Insertion in an Adult	890	(5)
Complications	895	(1)
Orotracheal Intubation in Infants and Children	896	(4)
Indications in Infants and Children	896	(1)
Anatomical Considerations	896	(1)
Equipment for Infants and Children	897	(1)
Endotracheal Tube Insertion in an Infant or Child	898	(2)
Nasogastric Intubation in Infants and Children	900	(2)
Indications	900	(1)
Contraindications	900	(1)
Equipment	900	(1)
Insertion	900	(2)
Complications	902	(1)
Orotracheal Suctioning	902	(2)
Indications	902	(1)
Suctioning Technique	902	(2)
Complications	904	(1)
Enrichment	904	(17)
Alternative Intubation Techniques	904	(3)
Alternative Advanced Airway Adjuncts	907	(14)
Appendix 1 Basic Life Support	921	(14)
Introduction	921	(1)
Basic Life Support	921	(9)
Obstructed Airway Emergencies	930	(5)
Appendix 2 National Registry Skill Sheets	935
Glossary	GL-1
Index	IN-2