Prehospital Emergency Pharmacology

by Bledsoe, Bryan E.; Clayden, Dwayne E.

• ISBN13: 9780131507111
• ISBN10: 0131507117
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-09-24
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

This pharmacology book and handy reference is a complete guide to the most common medications used in prehospital care. It reflects current trends in prehospital care and the most recent drug information.This revision will update the book to cover the current AHA guidelines for cardiac care and will be updated to include the most recent drug information available. Chapter topics include pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics; administration of drugs; drug dosage calculations; fluids, electrolytes, and IV therapy; the automatic nervous system; drugs used in the treatment of emergencies: cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic-endocrine, neurological, obstetrical and gynecological, toxicological, behavioral, and gastrointestinal; and drugs used in pain management.For practicing paramedics.

Author Biography

Bryan E. Bledsoe is Clinical Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth, Texas.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Acknowledgments	xiii
About the Authors	xv
Notices	xvii
Precautions on Bloodborne Pathogens and Infectious Diseases	xix
1 General Information	1	(23)
Objectives	1	(1)
Introduction	1	(4)
Drug Research and Bringing a Drug to Market	5	(3)
FDA Classification of Newly Approved Drugs	8	(1)
New Drug Development	8	(3)
Unlabeled Uses of Drugs	11	(1)
Medical Oversight	11	(6)
Components of a Drug Profile	17	(4)
Important Pharmacological Terminology	21	(1)
Summary	22	(2)
2 Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics	24	(21)
Objectives	24	(1)
Introduction	24	(1)
Pharmacology	25	(1)
Pharmacokinetics	25	(1)
Review of Physiology of Transport	25	(9)
Pharmacodynamics	34	(8)
Summary	42	(3)
3 Administration of Drugs	45	(19)
Objectives	45	(1)
Introduction	46	(1)
Patient Care Using Medications	46	(1)
The Medication Order	46	(1)
Six Rights of Medication Administration	47	(3)
General Administration Routes	50	(2)
Drug Administration and Preparation	52	(1)
Medical Direction	53	(1)
Medical Asepsis	54	(1)
Disposal of Contaminated Equipment and Sharps	55	(1)
Medication Routes Used in Emergency Medicine	56	(4)
Pediatric Administration Techniques	60	(2)
Summary	62	(2)
4 Drug Dosage Calculations	64	(22)
Objectives	64	(1)
Introduction	65	(1)
Section 1: The Metric System	65	(4)
Section 2: Find the Ordered Dose	69	(2)
Section 3: Find the Units per Kilogram	71	(2)
Section 4: Concentration Problems	73	(3)
Section 5: Calculate an IV Drip	76	(3)
Section 6: Calculate an IV Drip Based on Patient Weight	79	(1)
Section 7: Milliliters per Hour to Drops per Minute	80	(1)
Practice Problems	81	(5)
5 Fluids, Electrolytes, and Intravenous Therapy	86	(32)
Objectives	86	(1)
Introduction	87	(1)
Fluids	87	(1)
Electrolytes	87	(2)
Cell Physiology	89	(2)
Blood	91	(3)
IV Therapy	94	(17)
Insertion of Indwelling IV Catheter	111	(4)
Collection of Blood Samples for Laboratory Analysis	115	(1)
Blood Transfusions	116	(1)
Summary	117	(1)
6 The Autonomic Nervous System	118	(12)
Objectives	118	(1)
Introduction	118	(1)
The Autonomic Nervous System	118	(10)
Summary	128	(2)
7 Drugs Used in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Emergencies	130	(90)
Objectives	130	(1)
Introduction	131	(1)
Oxygen	132	(3)
Sympathomimetics	135	(15)
Sympathetic Blockers	150	(7)
Antidysrhythmics	157	(21)
Parasympatholytics	178	(3)
Cardiac Glycosides	181	(2)
Anticoagulants	183	(2)
Fibrinolytics	185	(9)
Alkalinizing Agents	194	(2)
Cardiac Pain Management (Analgesics)	196	(5)
Diuretics	201	(4)
Natriuretic Peptides	205	(1)
Antianginal Agents	206	(5)
Antihypertensives	211	(5)
Other Cardiovascular Drugs	216	(1)
Summary	217	(3)
8 Drugs Used in the Treatment of Respiratory Emergencies	220	(45)
Objectives	220	(1)
Introduction	221	(1)
Oxygen	222	(3)
Asthma	225	(18)
Neuromuscular Blockers	243	(9)
Induction Agents	252	(6)
Rapid-Sequence Induction	258	(1)
Pharmacologically-Assisted Intubation	259	(4)
Summary	263	(2)
9 Drugs Used in the Treatment of Metabolic-Endocrine Emergencies	265	(18)
Objectives	265	(1)
Introduction	265	(1)
Diabetes Mellitus	266	(1)
Types of Diabetes	266	(2)
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (Diabetic Coma)	268	(1)
Hypoglycemia (Insulin Shock)	269	(1)
Insulin	270	(4)
Glucagon	274	(3)
Thiamine	277	(4)
Summary	281	(2)
10 Drugs Used in the Treatment of Neurological Emergencies	283	(18)
Objectives	283	(1)
Introduction	283	(1)
Neurological Trauma	283	(5)
Nontraumatic Neurological Emergencies	288	(10)
Summary	298	(3)
11 Drugs Used in the Treatment of Obstetrical and Gynecological Emergencies	301	(9)
Objectives	301	(1)
Introduction	301	(1)
Severe Vaginal Bleeding	302	(1)
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy	303	(2)
Preterm Labor	305	(3)
Summary	308	(2)
12 Toxicological Emergencies in Prehospital Care	310	(43)
Objectives	310	(1)
Introduction	310	(1)
Regional Poison Centers	311	(1)
Patient History	311	(1)
General Approach to the Poisoned Patient	312	(1)
Toxidromes	313	(1)
Specific Toxic Agents Encountered in Prehospital Care	314	(32)
Summary	346	(7)
13 Drugs Used in the Treatment of Behavioral Emergencies	353	(15)
Objectives	353	(1)
Introduction	353	(1)
Understanding Behavioral Emergencies	353	(12)
Summary	365	(3)
14 Drugs Used in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Emergencies	368	(8)
Objectives	368	(1)
Gastrointestinal Medications	368	(7)
Summary	375	(1)
15 Drugs Used in Pain Management	376	(16)
Objectives	376	(1)
Introduction	376	(2)
Analgesics	378	(10)
Summary	388	(4)
16 Weapons of Mass Destruction	392	(10)
Objectives	392	(1)
Introduction	392	(1)
Personal Protection	393	(1)
NBC Agents Overview	393	(9)
Summary	402	(1)
Appendix A Glossary of Street Drug Names	403	(4)
Appendix B Emergency Intravenous Fluids Quick Reference Guide	407	(6)
Appendix C Quick Drug Reference	413	(53)
Appendix D Adult Advanced Cardiac Life Support Algorithms	466	(11)
Appendix E Common Home Prescription Drug Information	477	(21)
Appendix F Pediatric Drug Dosages	498	(6)
Appendix G Pediatric Advanced Cardiac Life Support Treatment Algorithm	504	(3)
Appendix H Drug Administration Skills	507	(23)
Appendix I A Guide to Herbal Supplements	530	(9)
Appendix J Practice Problems Answer Key	539	(4)
Index	543