A Primer on Organizational Behavior, 7th Edition

by Bowditch, James L.; Buono, Anthony F.; Stewart, Marcus M.

• ISBN13: 9780470086957
• ISBN10: 0470086955
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-11-19
• Publisher: WILEY

Summary

This book introduces the reader to terms and concepts that are necessary to understand OB and their application to modern organizations. It also offers sufficient grounding in the field that enables the reader to read scholarly publications such as HR, CMR, and AMJ. This edition features new material on emotional intelligence, knowledge management, group dynamics, virtual teams, organizational change, and organizational structure.

Author Biography

James L. Bowditch is the Stewardship & Planned Giving Officer for the Diocese of Maine. For the past two years, he was the Director of Development at Episcopal Divinity School. Prior to that he was Professor of Management in the Management & Information Systems Department at Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, and earlier, Dean of the College of Business & Administration. He was also undergraduate dean and associate professor in the Carroll School of Management at Boston College. His research has been on the human effects of organizational transformation, with a focus on mergers and acquisitions. He has co-authored five books. He holds a B.A. from Yale in psychology, an M.A. from Yale in psychology, an M.A. from Western Michigan University in psychology and a Ph.D. in Industrial/Organizational psychology.

Table of Contents

Management and Organizational Behavior	p. 1
Learning About Organizational Behavior	p. 2
Ethics and Organizational Behavior	p. 3
A Historical Framework for the Study of Management and OB	p. 5
Early Management	p. 7
Classical Management	p. 8
Neoclassical Management and Organization Theory	p. 12
Modern Management and Organization Theory	p. 15
Societal Change and Organizational Behavior	p. 20
OB and Advanced Information and Manufacturing Technologies	p. 20
The Quality Movement	p. 25
Discontent, Cynicism, and Fear in the Workplace	p. 26
Sociodemographic Diversity in the Workplace	p. 29
Fads and Foibles in Management	p. 31
Conclusion	p. 32
Notes	p. 33
Perception, Attitudes, and Individual Differences	p. 41
Basic Internal Perceptual Organizing Patterns	p. 42
Gestalt Psychology	p. 42
External Factors in Perception	p. 44
Social and Interpersonal Perception	p. 45
Schemas and Scripts	p. 45
Perceptual Distortion	p. 46
Attribution Theory	p. 49
Perception and Individual Differences	p. 51
Personality	p. 52
Self-Concept	p. 54
Perception, Individual Differences, and Decision Making	p. 55
Attitudes and Attitude Formation	p. 57
Attitude Formation	p. 58
Attitude Change	p. 58
Emotional Intelligence	p. 61
Conclusion: The Social Context of Judgment and Choice	p. 62
Notes	p. 63
Motivation	p. 70
Managerial Assumptions about Human Nature	p. 70
Static-Content Theories of Motivation	p. 72
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs	p. 72
Alderfer's ERG Theory	p. 74
McClelland's Theory of Socially Acquired Needs	p. 74
Needs and Goal Orientation	p. 75
Herzberg's Motivator-Hygiene Theory	p. 76
Managerial Application: Work Design and Job Enrichment	p. 78
Process Theories of Motivation	p. 81
Expectancy Theory	p. 82
Path-Goal Theory of Motivation	p. 84
Goal-Setting Theory	p. 84
Managerial Application: Management by Objectives	p. 86
Environmentally Based Theories of Motivation	p. 86
Operant Conditioning and Reinforcement Theory	p. 87
Managerial Application: Organizational Behavior Modification	p. 88
Punishment and Discipline	p. 89
Social Comparison Theory	p. 90
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Rewards and Motivation	p. 93
Managerial Application: Gainsharing	p. 94
Motivation and the Psychological Contract	p. 95
Organizational Commitment and the Psychological Contract	p. 96
Choosing an Appropriate Motivational Model	p. 98
Contrasting Motivation and Learning	p. 99
Conclusion	p. 99
Notes	p. 100
Communication	p. 112
The Communication Process	p. 112
Interpersonal Communication	p. 114
Communication Modes	p. 115
Barriers to Effective Communication	p. 120
Improving Interpersonal Communication	p. 122
Organizational Communication	p. 125
Knowledge Management	p. 125
Communication Networks	p. 128
Organizational Symbols and Rituals	p. 132
In-House Publications	p. 132
Communication Roles	p. 133
Media Richness and Communication Effectiveness	p. 135
Envisioning and Communicating Organizational Change	p. 138
Ethics in Organizational Communication	p. 139
Conclusion	p. 140
Notes	p. 140
Group Dynamics	p. 148
Types of Groups	p. 148
Primary and Secondary Groups	p. 149
Formal and Informal Groups	p. 149
Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Groups	p. 150
Interacting and Nominal Groups	p. 150
Permanent and Temporary Groups	p. 152
Basic Attributes of Groups	p. 152
Individual and Group Status	p. 153
Roles	p. 153
Norms	p. 155
Cohesiveness	p. 156
Group (Organizational) Commitment	p. 158
Groupthink	p. 158
Choice-Shift (Risky-Shift) Phenomenon	p. 160
Social Loafing	p. 161
Group Process and Development	p. 162
Group Development	p. 162
Group and Organizational Socialization	p. 165
Observation of Group Process	p. 167
Conclusion	p. 171
Notes	p. 172
Work Teams and Intergroup Relations: Managing Collaboration and Conflict	p. 179
Work Teams	p. 179
Managing Teams	p. 180
Teams and Social Identity Theory	p. 181
Trust Building and Teamwork	p. 182
Teams in Action	p. 183
Virtual Teams	p. 188
Team Conflict	p. 193
Intergroup Relations	p. 193
Group Interdependence	p. 194
Intergroup Conflict	p. 196
Conclusion: Implications for Managers	p. 200
Notes	p. 202
Leadership, Power, and the Manager	p. 208
Leadership and Power	p. 209
Power and Authority	p. 209
Types of Power	p. 210
The Need for Power in Managerial Performance	p. 211
Theories of Leadership	p. 212
Trait Theory	p. 212
Behavioral and Functional Theories	p. 214
Contingency Theories	p. 221
Attribution Theory	p. 228
Leader-Member Relations	p. 229
Leadership and Management	p. 230
Mintzberg's Managerial Role Set	p. 231
The Role of the General Manager	p. 232
Implications for Management and Leadership	p. 233
Substitutes for Leadership as Supervision	p. 234
Transformational Leadership and Organizational Change	p. 237
Gender, Power, and Leadership	p. 240
Leadership: A Synthesis	p. 241
Notes	p. 243
Macro-Organizational Behavior: The Organization's Environment	p. 251
Organizational Environment	p. 251
Defining Organizational Environment	p. 252
Environmental Change and Uncertainty	p. 256
Organization-Environment Relations	p. 261
Controlling the Environment	p. 261
The International Environment	p. 266
Globalization and Organizational Behavior	p. 267
Transferability of Management Practices	p. 269
Societal Culture and Management	p. 271
Conclusion	p. 274
Notes	p. 275
Organization Structure and Design	p. 282
Organizational Structure	p. 283
Complexity	p. 284
Formalization	p. 286
Centralization	p. 286
Key Organization Structure Challenges	p. 286
Determinants of Structure	p. 291
Organization Design	p. 297
Simple Structure	p. 298
The Functional Organization	p. 299
The Divisionalized Form	p. 301
Adhocracy	p. 301
Market-Based, Network Organizational Forms	p. 307
Conclusion	p. 312
Notes	p. 314
Organizational Culture and Effectiveness	p. 320
Organizational Culture	p. 320
Uniqueness of Organizational Cultures	p. 322
Objective and Subjective Organizational Culture	p. 323
Organizational Subcultures	p. 324
Summary	p. 325
Diagnosing Organizational Culture	p. 325
Culture Change in Organizations	p. 328
Culture as Sustained Competitive Advantage	p. 334
Ethical Considerations and Organizational Culture	p. 334
Organizational Climate	p. 335
Organizational Effectiveness	p. 336
One-Dimensional Views of Effectiveness	p. 336
Competing Values and Organizational Effectiveness	p. 339
Conclusion	p. 342
Notes	p. 342
Organization Development and Change	p. 348
Organization Development	p. 348
Laboratory Training	p. 349
Survey Research and Feedback	p. 349
Sociotechnical Systems	p. 352
The Nature of Organization Development	p. 353
Intervention Strategies and Change	p. 361
Managing Organization Change	p. 368
Changemakers	p. 369
Approaches to Organizational Change	p. 369
Enabling Large-Scale Organization Change	p. 371
Interventions and Organizational Politics	p. 372
Resistance, Support, and Coping with Change	p. 373
Organizational Downsizing, Retrenchment, and Resizing	p. 376
Conclusion	p. 379
Notes	p. 379
The Research Process in Organizational Behavior	p. 389
Statistical Analysis	p. 416
How to Read a Research-Oriented Journal Article	p. 430
Index	p. 453
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