Principles of Geotechnical Engineering

by Das

• ISBN13: 9780534951795
• ISBN10: 0534951791
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1997-12-05
• Publisher: CL-Engineering

Summary

Braja M. Das' PRINCIPLES OF GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING provides civil engineering students and professionals with an overview of soil properties and mechanics, combined with a study of field practices and basic soil engineering procedures. Through four editions, this book has distinguished itself by its exceptionally clear theoretical explanations, realistic worked examples, thorough discussions of field testing methods, and extensive problem sets, making this book a leader in its field. Das's goal in revising this best-seller has been to reorganize and revise existing chapters while incorporating the most up-to-date information found in the current literature. Additionally, Das has added numerous case studies as well as new introductory material on the geological side of geotechnical engineering, including coverage of soil formation.

Table of Contents

ONE SOILS AND ROCKS	1	(37)
1.1 Preview	1	(2)
1.2 Rock Cycle and the Origin of Soil	3	(5)
1.3 Soil-Particle Size	8	(2)
1.4 Clay Minerals	10	(8)
1.5 Specific Gravity (Gs)	18	(1)
1.6 Mechanical Analysis of Soil	18	(9)
1.7 Particle-Size Distribution Curve	27	(5)
1.8 Particle Shape	32	(1)
Problems	33	(3)
References	36	(2)
TWO WEIGHT-VOLUME RELATIONSHIPS, PLASTICITY, AND STRUCTURE OF SOIL	38	(44)
2.1 Weight-Volume Relationships	38	(3)
2.2 Relationships Among Unit Weight, Void Ratio, Moisture Content, and Specific Gravity	41	(3)
2.3 Relationships Among Unit Weight, Porosity, and Moisture Content	44	(1)
2.4 Various Unit-Weight Relationships	45	(7)
2.5 Relative Density	52	(3)
2.6 Consistency of Soil	55	(9)
2.7 Liquidity Index and Consistency Index	64	(1)
2.8 Activity	65	(3)
2.9 Plasticity Chart	68	(2)
2.10 Soil Structure	70	(6)
2.11 General Comments	76	(1)
Problems	77	(3)
References	80	(2)
THREE CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL	82	(22)
3.1 Textural Classification	82	(3)
3.2 Classification by Engineering Behavior	85	(1)
3.3 AASHTO Classification System	85	(5)
3.4 Unified Soil Classification System	90	(8)
3.5 Comparison Between the AASHTO and Unified Systems	98	(3)
Problems	101	(2)
References	103	(1)
FOUR SOIL COMPACTION	104	(55)
4.1 Compaction -- General Principles	104	(1)
4.2 Standard Proctor Test	105	(4)
4.3 Factors Affecting Compaction	109	(4)
4.4 Modified Proctor Test	113	(4)
4.5 Structure of Compacted Clay Soil	117	(1)
4.6 Effect of Compaction on Clay Soil Properties	118	(7)
4.7 Field Compaction	125	(5)
4.8 Specifications for Field Compaction	130	(3)
4.9 Determination of Field Unit Weight of Compaction	133	(8)
4.10 Compaction of Organic Soil and Waste Materials	141	(5)
4.11 Special Compaction Techniques	146	(7)
4.12 General Comments	153	(2)
Problems	155	(2)
References	157	(2)
FIVE FLOW OF WATER IN SOIL: PERMEABILITY AND SEEPAGE	159	(68)
5.1 Bernoulli's Equation	159	(2)
5.2 Darcy's Law	161	(3)
5.3 Hydraulic Conductivity	164	(1)
5.4 Laboratory Determination of Hydraulic Conductivity	165	(2)
5.5 Effect of Water Temperature on k	167	(5)
5.6 Empirical Relations for Hydraulic Conductivity	172	(7)
5.7 Directional Variation of Permeability	179	(2)
5.8 Equivalent Hydraulic Conductivity in Stratified Soil	181	(6)
5.9 Considerations for Hydraulic Conductivity of Clayey Soils in Field Compaction	187	(5)
5.10 Moisture Content-Unit Weight Criteria for Clay Liner Construction	192	(1)
5.11 Permeability Test in the Field by Pumping from Wells	193	(6)
5.12 Determination of Hydraulic Conductivity from Auger Holes	199	(1)
5.13 Laplace's Equation of Continuity	200	(3)
5.14 Continuity Equation for Solution of Simple Flow Problems	203	(3)
5.15 Flow Nets	206	(4)
5.16 Flow Nets in Anisotropic Soil	210	(3)
5.17 Mathematical Solution for Seepage	213	(1)
5.18 Uplift Pressure Under Hydraulic Structures	214	(2)
5.19 Seepage Through an Earth Dam on an Impervious Base	216	(3)
Problems	219	(6)
References	225	(2)
SIX EFFECTIVE STRESS CONCEPTS	227	(29)
6.1 Stresses in Saturated Soil without Seepage	227	(4)
6.2 Stresses in Saturated Soil with Seepage	231	(5)
6.3 Seepage Force	236	(5)
6.4 Use of Filters to Increase the Factor of Safety Against Heave	241	(2)
6.5 Selection of Filter Material	243	(1)
6.6 Capillary Rise in Soils	244	(3)
6.7 Effective Stress in the Zone of Capillary Rise	247	(2)
6.8 Effective Stress in Partially Saturated Soil	249	(2)
6.9 General Comments	251	(1)
Problems	251	(4)
References	255	(1)
SEVEN STRESSES IN A SOIL MASS	256	(47)
7.1 Normal and Shear Stresses on a Plane	256	(4)
7.2 The Pole Method of Finding Stresses Along a Plane	260	(3)
7.3 Stress Caused by a Point Load	263	(4)
7.4 Westergaard's Solution for Vertical Stress Caused by a Point Load	267	(2)
7.5 Vertical Stress Caused by a Line Load	269	(3)
7.6 Vertical Stress Caused by a Strip Load (Finite Width and Infinite Length)	272	(5)
7.7 Vertical Stress Caused by a Linearly Increasing Load (Finite Width and Infinite Length)	277	(3)
7.8 Vertical Stress Below the Center of a Uniformly Loaded Circular Area	280	(3)
7.9 Vertical Stress at Any Point Below a Uniformly Loaded Circular Area	283	(3)
7.10 Vertical Stress Caused by a Rectangularly Loaded Area	286	(7)
7.11 Influence Chart for Vertical Pressure	293	(2)
7.12 General Comments	295	(1)
Problems	296	(6)
References	302	(1)
EIGHT COMPRESSIBILITY OF SOIL	303	(63)
8.1 Fundamentals of Consolidation	303	(4)
8.2 One-Dimensional Laboratory Consolidation Test	307	(3)
8.3 Void Ratio-Pressure Plots	310	(2)
8.4 Normally Consolidated and Overconsolidated Clays	312	(2)
8.5 Effect of Disturbance on Void Ratio-Pressure Relationship	314	(3)
8.6 Influence of Other Factors on Void Ratio-Pressure Relationship	317	(2)
8.7 Calculation of Settlement from One-Dimensional Primary Consolidation	319	(2)
8.8 Compression Index (Cc)	321	(1)
8.9 Swell Index (Cs)	322	(6)
8.10 Settlement from Secondary Consolidation	328	(3)
8.11 Time Rate of Consolidation	331	(7)
8.12 Coefficient of Consolidation	338	(4)
8.13 General Discussion of Determination of Cv	342	(7)
8.14 Calculation of Consolidation Settlement Under a Foundation	349	(1)
8.15 Immediate Settlement Calculation Based on Elastic Theory	350	(3)
8.16 Total Foundation Settlement	353	(1)
8.17 Some Case Histories	354	(5)
Problems	359	(5)
References	364	(2)
NINE SHEAR STRENGTH OF SOIL	366	(67)
9.1 Mohr-Coulomb Failure Criteria	366	(4)
9.2 Direct Shear Test	370	(4)
9.3 Drained Direct Shear Test on Saturated Sand and Clay	374	(2)
9.4 General Comments on Direct Shear Test	376	(6)
9.5 Triaxial Shear Test-General	382	(1)
9.6 Consolidated-Drained Triaxial Test	383	(8)
9.7 Friction Angles XXX and XXX for Clays	391	(2)
9.8 Consolidated-Undrained Triaxial Test	393	(6)
9.9 Unconsolidated-Undrained Triaxial Test	399	(3)
9.10 Unconfined Compression Test on Saturated Clay	402	(2)
9.11 General Comments on Triaxial Tests	404	(1)
9.12 Stress Path	405	(5)
9.13 Vane Shear Test	410	(5)
9.14 Effect of the Rate of Rotation of Vane on Undrained Shear Strength	415	(2)
9.15 Other Methods for Determining Undrained Shear Strength	417	(1)
9.16 Strength Anisotropy in Clay	418	(1)
9.17 Sensitivity and Thixotropy of Clay	419	(4)
9.18 Empirical Relationships Between Undrained Cohesion (Cu) and Effective Overburden Pressure XXX	423	(3)
9.19 Shear Strength of Unsaturated Cohesive Soils	426	(1)
Problems	427	(4)
References	431	(2)
TEN LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE	433	(68)
10.1 Earth Pressure at Rest	433	(4)
10.2 Rankine's Theory of Active Pressure	437	(4)
10.3 Theory of Rankine's Passive Pressure	441	(3)
10.4 Effect of Wall Yielding	444	(3)
10.5 Diagrams for Lateral Earth Pressure Distribution Against Retaining Walls	447	(15)
10.6 Lateral Pressure on Retaining Walls from Surcharges-Based on Theory of Elasticity	462	(5)
10.7 Coulomb's Earth Pressure Theory	467	(5)
10.8 Graphic Solution for Coulomb's Active Earth Pressure	472	(4)
10.9 Approximate Analysis of Active Force on Retaining Walls	476	(2)
10.10 Effect of Wall Friction on Passive Pressure	478	(2)
10.11 Properties of a Logarithmic Spiral	480	(1)
10.12 Passive Earth Pressure Against Retaining Walls with Curved Failure Surface	481	(5)
10.13 Braced Cuts	486	(3)
10.14 Determination of Active Thrust on Bracing Systems of Open Cuts in Granular Soil	489	(2)
10.15 Determination of Active Thrust on Bracing Systems for Cuts in Cohesive Soil	491	(1)
10.16 Pressure Variation for Design of Sheetings, Struts, and Wales	492	(3)
Problems	495	(5)
References	500	(1)
ELEVEN DYNAMIC LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE	501	(19)
11.1 Active Force on Retaining Walls with Earthquake Forces	501	(4)
11.2 Location of the Line of Action of the Resultant Force, P(ae)	505	(2)
11.3 Design of Retaining Wall Based on Tolerable Lateral Displacement	507	(2)
11.4 Dynamic Earth Pressure Distribution Behind a Wall Rotating About the Top	509	(2)
11.5 P(ae) for c-XXX Soil Backfill	511	(4)
11.6 Passive Force on Retaining Walls with Earthquake Forces	515	(3)
Problems	518	(1)
References	519	(1)
TWELVE SOIL-BEARING CAPACITY FOR SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS	520	(47)
12.1 Ultimate Soil-Bearing Capacity for Shallow Foundations	522	(2)
12.2 Terzaghi's Ultimate Bearing Capacity Equation	524	(6)
12.3 Effect of Groundwater Table	530	(1)
12.4 Factor of Safety	530	(6)
12.5 General Bearing Capacity Equation	536	(6)
12.6 A Case History for Evaluation of the Ultimate Bearing Capacity	542	(1)
12.7 Ultimate Load for Shallow Foundations Under Eccentric Load (One-Way Eccentricity)	543	(4)
12.8 Foundations Subjected to Two-Way Eccentricity	547	(1)
12.9 Plate Load Test-A Field Test	547	(4)
12.10 Bearing Capacity of Sand Based on Settlement	551	(3)
12.11 Bearing Capacity of Foundations on a Slope	554	(6)
12.12 General Comments	560	(1)
Problems	561	(4)
References	565	(2)
THIRTEEN SLOPE STABILITY	567	(60)
13.1 Factor of Safety	567	(4)
13.2 Stability of Infinite Slopes without Seepage	571	(3)
13.3 Stability of Infinite Slopes with Seepage	574	(3)
13.4 Finite Slopes-General	577	(1)
13.5 Analysis of Finite Slopes with Plane Failure Surfaces (Culmann's Method)	578	(4)
13.6 Slopes with Water in the Tensile Crack	582	(1)
13.7 Analysis of Finite Slopes with Circular Failure Surfaces-General	583	(2)
13.8 Mass Procedure-Slopes in Homogeneous Clay Soil With XXX = 0	585	(9)
13.9 Mass Procedure-Slopes in Homogeneous Soil With XXX greater than 0	594	(5)
13.10 Ordinary Method of Slices	599	(3)
13.11 Bishop's Simplified Method of Slices	602	(3)
13.12 Stability Analysis by Method of Slices for Steady State Seepage	605	(1)
13.13 Bishop and Morgenstern's Solution for Stability of Simple Slopes with Seepage	606	(2)
13.14 Morgenstern's Method of Slices for Rapid Drawdown Condition	608	(1)
13.15 Spencer's Solution for Stability of Simple Slopes with Seepage	609	(5)
13.16 Fluctuation of Factor of Safety of Slopes in Clay Embankment on Saturated Clay	614	(4)
13.17 Case Histories of Slope Failure	618	(3)
Problems	621	(5)
References	626	(1)
FOURTEEN LANDFILL LINERS AND GEOSYNTHETICS	627	(15)
14.1 Landfill Liners-Overview	627	(1)
14.2 Geosynthetics	628	(1)
14.3 Geotextiles	628	(3)
14.4 Geomembranes	631	(3)
14.5 Geonets	634	(1)
14.6 Single Clay Liner and Single Geomembrane Liner Systems	634	(2)
14.7 Recent Advances in the Liner Systems for Landfills	636	(1)
14.8 Leachate Removal Systems	637	(3)
14.9 Closure of Landfills	640	(1)
14.10 General Comments	641	(1)
References	641	(1)
FIFTEEN SUBSOIL EXPLORATION	642	(30)
15.1 Planning for Soil Exploration	642	(2)
15.2 Boring Methods	644	(4)
15.3 Common Sampling Methods	648	(4)
15.4 Sample Disturbance	652	(1)
15.5 Correlations for Standard Penetration Test	653	(6)
15.6 Other in situ Tests	659	(7)
15.7 Rock Coring	666	(2)
15.8 Soil Exploration Report	668	(2)
Problems	670	(1)
References	671	(1)
APPENDICES	672	(26)
APPENDIX A: Conversion Factors	672	(3)
APPENDIX B: Braced Cuts	675	(2)
APPENDIX C: Factor of Safety for Slopes	677	(17)
APPENDIX D: Rankine Active and Passive Earth Pressure	694	(4)
Answers to Selected Problems	698	(9)
Index	707