Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists,9780138402082

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Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists

by Walpole, Ronald E.; Myers, Raymond H.; Myers, Sharon L.

ISBN13:

9780138402082

ISBN10:

0138402086

Format:

Hardcover

Pub. Date:

2/1/1998

Publisher(s):

Prentice Hall

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Summary

This classic, market leading text provides a rigorous introduction to basic probability theory and statistical inference for students with a background in calculus. The new edition features many new exercises and applications based on real data.

Preface

1 Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis

(8)

1.1 Overview

(1)

1.2 The Role of Probability

(2)

1.3 Measures of Location: The Sample Mean

(1)

1.4 Measures of Variability

(1)

1.5 Discrete and Continuous Data

(1)

1.6 Statistical Modeling, Scientific Inspection, and Graphical Diagnostics

(2)

2 Probability

(42)

2.1 Sample Space

(3)

2.2 Events

(6)

2.3 Counting Sample Points

(8)

2.4 Probability of an Event

(3)

2.5 Additive Rules

(5)

2.6 Conditional Probability

(3)

2.7 Multiplicative Rules

(6)

2.8 Bayes' Rule

(5)

Review Exercises

(2)

3 Random Variables and Probability Distributions

(33)

3.1 Concept of a Random Variable

(2)

3.2 Discrete Probability Distributions

(5)

3.3 Continuous Probability Distributions

(5)

3.4 Empirical Distributions

(6)

3.5 Joint Probability Distributions

(13)

Review Exercises

(2)

4 Mathematical Expectation

(30)

4.1 Mean of a Random Variable

(8)

4.2 Variance and Covariance

(9)

4.3 Means and Variances of Linear Combinations of Random Variables

101

(7)

4.4 Chebyshev's Theorem

108

(4)

Review Exercises

112

(2)

5 Some Discrete Probability Distributions

114

(29)

5.1 Introduction

114

(1)

5.2 Discrete Uniform Distribution

114

(2)

5.3 Binomial and Multinomial Distributions

116

(9)

5.4 Hypergeometric Distribution

125

(7)

5.5 Negative Binomial and Geometric Distributions

132

(3)

5.6 Poisson Distribution and the Poisson Process

135

(6)

Review Exercises

141

(2)

6 Some Continuous Probability Distributions

143

(37)

6.1 Continuous Probability Distribution

143

(2)

6.2 Normal Distribution

145

(3)

6.3 Areas Under the Normal Curve

148

(5)

6.4 Applications of the Normal Distribution

153

(7)

6.5 Normal Approximation to the Binomial

160

(6)

6.6 Gamma and Exponential Distributions

166

(4)

6.7 Applications of the Exponential and Gamma Distributions

170

(2)

6.8 Chi-Squared Distribution

172

(1)

6.9 Lognormal Distribution

173

(1)

6.10 Weibull Distribution

174

(4)

Review Exercises

178

(2)

7 Functions of Random Variables

180

(18)

7.1 Introduction

180

(1)

7.2 Transformations of Variables

180

(9)

7.3 Moments and Moment-Generating Functions

189

(9)

8 Random Sampling, Data Description, and Some Fundamental Sampling Distributions

198

(40)

8.1 Random Sampling

198

(3)

8.2 Some Important Statistics

201

(7)

8.3 Data Displays and Graphical Methods

208

(7)

8.4 Sampling Distributions

215

(2)

8.5 Sampling Distributions of Means

217

(7)

8.6 Sampling Distribution of S(2)

224

(4)

8.7 t-Distribution

228

(4)

8.8 F-Distribution

232

(5)

Review Exercises

237

(1)

9 One- and Two-Sample Estimation Problems

238

(52)

9.1 Introduction

238

(1)

9.2 Statistical Inference

238

(1)

9.3 Classical Methods of Estimation

239

(4)

9.4 Single Sample: Estimating the Mean

243

(5)

9.5 Standard Error of a Point Estimate

248

(1)

9.6 Tolerance Limits

249

(4)

9.7 Two Samples: Estimating the Difference Between Two Means

253

(6)

9.8 Paired Observations

259

(5)

9.9 Single Sample: Estimating a Proportion

264

(4)

9.10 Two Samples: Estimating the Difference Between Two Proportions

268

(3)

9.11 Single Sample: Estimating the Variance

271

(2)

9.12 Two Samples: Estimating the Ratio of Two Variances

273

(2)

9.13 Bayesian Methods of Estimation

275

(7)

9.14 Maximum Likelihood Estimation

282

(5)

Review Exercises

287

(3)

10 One- and Two-Sample Tests of Hypotheses

290

(68)

10.1 Statistical Hypotheses: General Concepts

290

(2)

10.2 Testing a Statistical Hypothesis

292

(8)

10.3 One- and Two- Tailed Tests

300

(2)

10.4 The Use of P-Values for Decision Making

302

(4)

10.5 Single Sample: Tests Concerning a Single Mean (Variance Known)

306

(3)

10.6 Relationship to Confidence Interval Estimation

309

(1)

10.7 Single Sample: Tests on a Single Mean (Variance Unknown)

310

(3)

10.8 Two Samples: Tests on Two Means

313

(5)

10.9 Choice of Sample Size for Testing Means

318

(5)

10.10 Graphical Methods for Comparing Means

323

(7)

10.11 One Sample: Test on a Single Proportion

330

(3)

10.12 Two Samples: Tests on Two Proportions

333

(3)

10.13 One- and Two-Sample Tests Concerning Variances

336

(4)

10.14 Goodness-of-Fit Test

340

(4)

10.15 Test for Independence (Categorical Data)

344

(3)

10.16 Test for Homogeneity

347

(1)

10.17 Testing for Several Proportions

348

(2)

10.18 Two-Sample Case Study

350

(5)

Review Exercises

355

(3)

11 Simple Linear Regression and Correlation

358

(47)

11.1 Introduction to Linear Regression

358

(3)

11.2 Simple Linear Regression

361

(4)

11.3 Properties of the Least Squares Estimators

365

(2)

11.4 Inferences Concerning the Regression Coefficients

367

(4)

11.5 Prediction

371

(6)

11.6 Choice of a Regression Model

377

(1)

11.7 Analysis-of-Variance Approach

377

(2)

11.8 Test for Linearity of Regression: Data with Repeated Observations

379

(8)

11.9 Data Plots and Transformations

387

(4)

11.10 Simple Linear Regression Case Study

391

(3)

11.11 Correlation

394

(6)

Review Exercises

400

(5)

12 Multiple Linear Regression

405

(56)

12.1 Introduction

405

(1)

12.2 Estimating the Coefficients

406

(4)

12.3 Linear Regression Model Using Matrices

410

(8)

12.4 Properties of the Least Squares Estimators

418

(2)

12.5 Inferences in Multiple Linear Regression

420

(7)

12.6 Choice of a Fitted Model Through Hypothesis Testing

427

(4)

12.7 Special Case of Orthogonality

431

(4)

12.8 Sequential Methods for Model Selection

435

(6)

12.9 Study of Residuals and Violation of Assumptions

441

(4)

12.10 Cross Validation, C(p), and Other Criteria for Model Selection

445

(11)

Review Exercises

456

(5)

13 One-Factor Experiments: General

461

(66)

13.1 Analysis-of-Variance Technique

461

(2)

13.2 The Strategy of Experimental Design

463

(1)

13.3 One-Way Analysis of Variance: Completely Randomized Design

463

(7)

13.4 Tests for the Equality of Several Variances

470

(5)

13.5 Single-Degree-of-Freedom Comparisons

475

(4)

13.6 Multiple Comparisons

479

(4)

13.7 Comparing Treatments with a Control

483

(5)

13.8 Comparing a Set of Treatments in Blocks

488

(1)

13.9 Randomized Complete Block Designs

489

(9)

13.10 Graphical Methods and Further Diagnostics

498

(1)

13.11 Latin Squares

499

(7)

13.12 Random Effects Models

506

(5)

13.13 Regression Approach to Analysis of Variance

511

(3)

13.14 Power of Analysis-of-Variance Tests

514

(5)

13.15 Case Study

519

(4)

Review Exercises

523

(4)

14 Factorial Experiments

527

(32)

14.1 Introduction

527

(2)

14.2 Interaction and the Two-Factor Experiment

529

(1)

14.3 Two-Factor Analysis of Variance

530

(7)

14.4 Graphical Analysis in the Two-Factor Problem

537

(3)

14.5 Three-Factor Experiments

540

(4)

14.6 Specific Multifactor Models

544

(5)

14.7 Model II and III Factorial Experiments

549

(3)

14.8 Choice of Sample Size

552

(3)

Review Exercises

555

(4)

15 2(k) Factorial Experiments and Fractions

559

(50)

15.1 Introduction

559

(1)

15.2 Analysis of Variance

560

(4)

15.3 Nonreplicated 2(k) Factorial Experiment

564

(1)

15.4 Case Study

565

(6)

15.5 Factorial Experiments in Incomplete Blocks

571

(6)

15.6 Partial Confounding

577

(2)

15.7 Factorial Experiments in a Regression Setting

579

(4)

15.8 Case Study: Coal Cleansing Experiment

583

(5)

15.9 Fractional Factorial Experiments

588

(3)

15.10 Analysis of Fractional Factorial Experiments

591

(4)

15.11 Higher Fractions and Screening Designs

595

(1)

15.12 Construction of Resolution III and IV Designs with 8, 16, and 32 Design Points

596

(1)

15.13 Other Two-Level Resolution III Designs; The Plackett-Burman Designs

597

(2)

15.14 Taguchi's Robust Parameter Design

599

(8)

Review Exercises

607

(2)

16 Nonparametric Statistics

609

(26)

16.1 Nonparametric Tests

609

(1)

16.2 Sign Test

610

(4)

16.3 Signed-Rank Test

614

(5)

16.4 Rank-Sum Test

619

(4)

16.5 Kruskal-Wallis Test

623

(2)

16.6 Runs Test

625

(4)

16.7 Tolerance Limits

629

(1)

16.8 Rank Correlation Coefficient

630

(4)

Review Exercises

634

(1)

17 Statistical Quality Control

635

(32)

17.1 Introduction

635

(2)

17.2 Nature of the Control Limits

637

(1)

17.3 Purposes of the Control Chart

637

(1)

17.4 Control Charts for Variables

638

(15)

17.5 Control Charts for Attributes

653

(7)

17.6 Cusum Control Charts

660

(4)

Review Exercises

664

(3)

Bibliography

667

(4)

Appendix: Statistical Tables

671

(52)

Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises

723

(14)

Index

737

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Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists

9780138402082

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