Problem Solving with C++ : The Object of Programming

by Savitch, Walter

• ISBN13: 9780321268655
• ISBN10: 0321268652
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-01-01
• Publisher: Addison Wesley

Summary

Enables readers to efficiently master the fundamentals of C++ and object-oriented programming, while imparting skills that are valuable with virtually any contemporary programming language.Writing in a friendly, highly motivational style, Walter Savitch begins with an overview of programming and problem-solving, then walks through all the fundamentals of C++ development. Coverage includes: variables, assignments, I/O, data types, expressions, flow control, functions, arrays, strings, vectors, pointers, and recursion, along with complete chapters on inheritance, exception handling, and templates. From start to finish, Savitch presents C++ examples in the context of complete, executable programs that are available for download. This edition fully embraces the latest ANSI/ISO standards, features an all-new chapter on the STL, and includes expanded coverage of namespaces. Improvements also include: access to Addison-Wesley's exclusive online CodeMate program competency builder; an all-new, full-color design, and many new exercises.For anyone who wants to master object-oriented programming with C++: both those who have experience with other languages, and those learning programming for the first time

Author Biography

Walter Savitch, who teaches at the University of California at San Diego, brings his rich experience as both a successful teacher and best-selling author to this new text, his fifth Addison-Wesley book. His other books include the highly successful introductory programming texts Pascal and Turbo Pascal, both in 4th editions, Ada (with Charles Petersen), and the recent Data Structures and Other Objects (with Michael Main).

Table of Contents

Introduction to Computers and C++ Programming	1	(34)
Computer Systems	3	(9)
Hardware	3	(4)
Software	7	(1)
High-Level Languages	8	(1)
Compilers	9	(2)
History Note	11	(1)
Programming and Problem-Solving	12	(6)
Algorithms	13	(1)
Program Design	14	(1)
Object-Oriented Programming	15	(2)
The Software Life Cycle	17	(1)
Introduction to C++	18	(10)
Origins of the C++ Language	18	(1)
A Sample C++ Program	19	(3)
Pitfall: Using the Wrong Slash in \n	22	(1)
Programming Tip: Input and Output Syntax	22	(1)
Layout of a Simple C++ Program	23	(2)
Pitfall: Putting a Space before the include File Name	25	(1)
Compiling and Running a C++ Program	25	(1)
Programming Tip: Getting Your Program to Run	26	(2)
Testing and Debugging	28	(7)
Kinds of Program Errors	28	(1)
Pitfall: Assuming Your Program Is Correct	29	(1)
Chapter Summary	30	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	31	(2)
Programming Projects	33	(2)
C++ Basics	35	(62)
Variables and Assignments	37	(9)
Variables	37	(1)
Names: Identifiers	38	(2)
Variable Declarations	40	(1)
Assignment Statements	41	(2)
Pitfall: Uninitialized Variables	43	(2)
Programming Tip: Use Meaningful Names	45	(1)
Input and Output	46	(9)
Output Using cout	46	(1)
Include Directives and Namespaces	47	(2)
Escape Sequences	49	(1)
Programming Tip: End Each Program with a \n or end1	50	(1)
Formatting for Numbers with a Decimal Point	50	(1)
Input Using cin	51	(2)
Designing Input and Output	53	(1)
Programming Tip: Line Breaks in I/O	53	(2)
Data Types and Expressions	55	(10)
The Types int and double	55	(1)
Other Number Types	56	(2)
The Type char	58	(1)
The Type bool	58	(1)
Type Compatibilities	59	(2)
Arithmetic Operators and Expressions	61	(2)
Pitfall: Whole Numbers in Division	63	(2)
More Assignment Statements	65	(1)
Simple Flow of Control	65	(18)
A Simple Branching Mechanism	66	(5)
Pitfall: Strings of Inequalities	71	(1)
Pitfall: Using = in place of ==	71	(1)
Compound Statements	72	(2)
Simple Loop Mechanisms	74	(3)
Increment and Decrement Operators	77	(2)
Programming Example: Charge Card Balance	79	(1)
Pitfall: Infinite Loops	80	(3)
Program Style	83	(14)
Indenting	84	(1)
Comments	84	(1)
Naming Constants	85	(3)
Chapter Summary	88	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	89	(5)
Programming Projects	94	(3)
Procedural Abstraction and Functions That Return a Value	97	(58)
Top-Down Design	99	(1)
Predefined Functions	99	(8)
Using Predefined Functions	99	(5)
Type Casting	104	(1)
Older Form of Type Casting	105	(1)
Pitfall: Integer Division Drops the Fractional Part	106	(1)
Programmer-Defined Functions	107	(10)
Function Definitions	107	(4)
Alternate Form for Function Declarations	111	(3)
Pitfall: Arguments in the Wrong Order	114	(1)
Function Definition-Syntax Summary	114	(2)
More About Placement of Function Definitions	116	(1)
Procedural Abstraction	117	(11)
The Black Box Analogy	117	(3)
Programming Tip: Choosing Formal Parameter Names	120	(1)
Case Study: Buying Pizza	120	(7)
Programming Tip: Use Pseudocode	127	(1)
Local Variables	128	(12)
The Small Program Analogy	128	(2)
Programming Example: Experimental Pea Patch	130	(1)
Global Constants and Global Variables	131	(2)
Call-by-Value Formal Parameters Are Local Variables	133	(1)
Namespaces Revisited	134	(4)
Programming Example: The Factorial Function	138	(2)
Overloading Function Names	140	(15)
Introduction to Overloading	140	(3)
Programming Example: Revised Pizza-Buying Program	143	(3)
Automatic Type Conversion	146	(2)
Chapter Summary	148	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	149	(3)
Programming Projects	152	(3)
Functions for All Subtasks	155	(44)
Void Functions	157	(7)
Definitions of void Functions	157	(2)
Programming Example: Converting Temperatures	159	(1)
return Statements in void Functions	159	(5)
Call-by-Reference Parameters	164	(12)
A First View of Call-by-Reference	164	(1)
Call-by-Reference in Detail	165	(5)
Programming Example: The swap_values Function	170	(2)
Mixed Parameter Lists	172	(1)
Programming Tip: What Kind of Parameter to Use	172	(2)
Pitfall: Inadvertent Local Variables	174	(2)
Using Procedural Abstraction	176	(10)
Functions Calling Functions	176	(1)
Preconditions and Postconditions	177	(3)
Case Study: Supermarket Pricing	180	(6)
Testing and Debugging Functions	186	(13)
Stubs and Drivers	186	(5)
Chapter Summary	191	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	192	(3)
Programming Projects	195	(4)
I/O Streams as an Introduction to Objects and Classes	199	(70)
Streams and Basic File I/O	201	(15)
Why Use Files for I/O?	201	(1)
File I/O	202	(4)
Introduction to Classes and Objects	206	(2)
Programming Tip: Check Whether a File Was Opened Successfully	208	(1)
Techniques for File I/O	209	(4)
Appending to a File (Optional)	213	(1)
File Names as Input (Optional)	213	(3)
Tools for Stream I/O	216	(15)
Formatting Output with Stream Functions	216	(5)
Manipulators	221	(4)
Streams as Arguments to Functions	225	(1)
Programming Tip: Checking for the End of a File	225	(4)
A Note on Namespaces	229	(1)
Programming Example: Cleaning Up a File Format	230	(1)
Character I/O	231	(18)
The Member Functions get and put	231	(4)
The putback Member Function (Optional)	235	(1)
Programming Example: Checking Input	235	(3)
Pitfall: Unexpected `\n' in Input	238	(3)
The eof Member Function	241	(2)
Programming Example: Editing a Text File	243	(1)
Predefined Character Functions	244	(3)
Pitfall: toupper and tolower Return Values	247	(2)
Inheritance	249	(20)
Inheritance Among Stream Classes	249	(4)
Programming Example: Another new_line Function	253	(1)
Default Arguments for Functions (Optional)	254	(2)
Chapter Summary	256	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	257	(7)
Programming Projects	264	(5)
Defining Classes	269	(64)
Structures	271	(11)
Structures for Diverse Data	271	(5)
Pitfall: Forgetting a Semicolon in a Structure Definition	276	(1)
Structures as Function Arguments	276	(1)
Programming Tip: Use Hierarchical Structures	277	(2)
Initializing Structures	279	(3)
Classes	282	(33)
Defining Classes and Member Functions	282	(5)
Public and Private Members	287	(6)
Programming Tip: Make All Member Variables Private	293	(2)
Programming Tip: Define Accessor and Mutator Functions	295	(2)
Programming Tip: Use the Assignment Operator with Objects	297	(1)
Programming Example: BankAccount Class--Version 1	297	(5)
Summary of Some Properties of Classes	302	(2)
Constructors for Initialization	304	(8)
Programming Tip: Always Include a Default Constructor	312	(1)
Pitfall: Constructors with No Arguments	313	(2)
Abstract Data Types	315	(18)
Classes to Produce Abstract Data Types	315	(4)
Programming Example: Alternative Implementation of a Class	319	(4)
Chapter Summary	323	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	324	(5)
Programming Projects	329	(4)
More Flow of Control	333	(70)
Using Boolean Expressions	335	(8)
Evaluating Boolean Expressions	335	(4)
Pitfall: Boolean Expressions Convert to int Values	339	(2)
Functions That Return a Boolean Value	341	(1)
Enumeration Types (Optional)	342	(1)
Multiway Branches	343	(21)
Nested Statements	343	(1)
Programming Tip: Use Braces in Nested Statements	343	(4)
Multiway if-else Statements	347	(2)
Programming Example: State Income Tax	349	(3)
The switch Statement	352	(4)
Pitfall: Forgetting a break in a switch Statement	356	(1)
Using switch Statements for Menus	357	(1)
Programming Tip: Use Function Calls in Branching Statements	357	(1)
Blocks	357	(6)
Pitfall: Inadvertent Local Variables	363	(1)
More About C++ Loop Statements	364	(15)
The while Statements Reviewed	364	(2)
Increment and Decrement Operators Revisited	366	(3)
The for Statement	369	(4)
Pitfall: Extra Semicolon in a for Statement	373	(2)
What Kind of Loop to Use	375	(2)
Pitfall: Uninitialized Variables and Infinite Loops	377	(1)
The break Statement	377	(1)
Pitfall: The break Statement in Nested Loops	377	(2)
Designing Loops	379	(24)
Loops for Sums and Products	379	(2)
Ending a Loop	381	(3)
Nested Loops	384	(5)
Debugging Loops	389	(3)
Chapter Summary	392	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	393	(5)
Programming Projects	398	(5)
Friends and Overloaded Operators	403	(52)
Friend Functions	405	(23)
Programming Example: An Equality Function	405	(4)
Friend Functions	409	(2)
Programming Tip: Define Both Accessor Functions and Friend Functions	411	(2)
Programming Tip: Use Both Member and Nonmember Functions	413	(1)
Programming Example: Money Class (Version 1)	413	(7)
Implementation of digit_to_int (Optional)	420	(1)
Pitfall: Leading Zeros in Number Constants	421	(2)
The const Parameter Modifier	423	(1)
Pitfall: Inconsistent Use of const	424	(4)
Overloading Operators	428	(27)
Overloading Operators	428	(3)
Constructors for Automatic Type Conversion	431	(2)
Overloading Unary Operators	433	(1)
Overloading >> and <<	434	(11)
Chapter Summary	445	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	445	(7)
Programming Projects	452	(3)
Separate Compilation and Namespaces	455	(36)
Separate Compilation	457	(14)
ADTs Reviewed	457	(1)
Case Study: DigitalTime--A Class Compiled Separately	458	(10)
Using #ifndef	468	(2)
Programming Tip: Defining Other Libraries	470	(1)
Namespaces	471	(20)
Namespaces and using Directives	471	(2)
Creating a Namespace	473	(3)
Qualifying Names	476	(1)
A Subtle Point About Namespaces (Optional)	477	(1)
Unnamed Namespaces	478	(6)
Programming Tip: Choosing a Name for a Namespace	484	(1)
Pitfall: Confusing the Global Namespace and the Unnamed Namespace	484	(2)
Chapter Summary	486	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	486	(2)
Programming Projects	488	(3)
Arrays	491	(76)
Introduction to Arrays	493	(9)
Declaring and Referencing Arrays	493	(1)
Programming Tip: Use for Loops with Arrays	494	(1)
Pitfall: Array Indexes Always Start with Zero	494	(2)
Programming Tip: Use a Defined Constant for the Size of an Array	496	(1)
Arrays in Memory	496	(2)
Pitfall: Array Index Out of Range	498	(1)
Initializing Arrays	498	(4)
Arrays in Functions	502	(22)
Indexed Variables as Function Arguments	502	(2)
Entire Arrays as Function Arguments	504	(3)
The const Parameter Modifier	507	(2)
Pitfall: Inconsistent Use of const Parameters	509	(1)
Functions That Return an Array	510	(1)
Case Study: Production Graph	510	(14)
Programming with Arrays	524	(12)
Partially Filled Arrays	525	(1)
Programming Tip: Do Not Skimp on Formal Parameters	525	(3)
Programming Example: Searching an Array	528	(3)
Programming Example: Sorting an Array	531	(5)
Arrays and Classes	536	(9)
Arrays of Classes	536	(3)
Arrays as Class Members	539	(2)
Programming Example: A Class for a Partially Filled Array	541	(4)
Multidimensional Arrays	545	(22)
Multidimensional Array Basics	545	(1)
Multidimensional Array Parameters	545	(2)
Programming Example: Two-Dimensional Grading Program	547	(5)
Pitfall: Using Commas Between Array Indexes	552	(1)
Chapter Summary	553	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	553	(6)
Programming Projects	559	(8)
Strings and Vectors	567	(48)
An Array Type for Strings	569	(17)
C-String Values and C-String Variables	569	(3)
Pitfall: Using = and == with C Strings	572	(2)
Other Functions in <cstring>	574	(4)
C-String Input and Output	578	(3)
C-String-to-Number Conversions and Robust Input	581	(5)
The Standard string Class	586	(17)
Introduction to the Standard Class string	587	(2)
I/O with the Class string	589	(4)
Programming Tip: More Versions of getline	593	(1)
Pitfall: Mixing cin >> variable; and getline	594	(1)
String Processing with the Class string	595	(2)
Programming Example: Palindrome Testing	597	(6)
Converting between string Objects and C Strings	603	(1)
Vectors	603	(12)
Vector Basics	604	(1)
Pitfall: Using Square Brackets Beyond the Vector Size	605	(2)
Programming Tip: Vector Assignment Is Well Behaved	607	(1)
Efficiency Issues	607	(2)
Chapter Summary	609	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	610	(2)
Programming Projects	612	(3)
Pointers and Dynamic Arrays	615	(46)
Pointers	617	(11)
Pointer Variables	617	(7)
Basic Memory Management	624	(1)
Pitfall: Dangling Pointers	625	(1)
Static Variables and Automatic Variables	626	(1)
Programming Tip: Define Pointer Types	626	(2)
Dynamic Arrays	628	(9)
Array Variables and Pointer Variables	629	(1)
Creating and Using Dynamic Arrays	629	(6)
Pointer Arithmetic (Optional)	635	(2)
Multidimensional Dynamic Arrays (Optional)	637	(1)
Classes and Dynamic Arrays	637	(24)
Programming Example: A String Variable Class	639	(1)
Destructors	640	(6)
Pitfall: Pointers as Call-by-Value Parameters	646	(2)
Copy Constructors	648	(4)
Overloading the Assignment Operator	652	(3)
Chapter Summary	655	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	655	(2)
Programming Projects	657	(4)
Recursion	661	(40)
Recursive Functions for Tasks	663	(12)
Case Study: Vertical Numbers	663	(6)
A Closer Look at Recursion	669	(1)
Pitfall: Infinite Recursion	670	(2)
Stacks for Recursion	672	(1)
Pitfall: Stack Overflow	673	(1)
Recursion versus Iteration	674	(1)
Recursive Functions for Values	675	(5)
General Form for a Recursive Function That Returns a Value	675	(1)
Programming Example: Another Powers Function	676	(4)
Thinking Recursively	680	(21)
Recursive Design Techniques	680	(2)
Case Study: Binary Search---An Example of Recursive Thinking	682	(7)
Programming Example: A Recursive Member Function	689	(5)
Chapter Summary	694	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	695	(3)
Programming Projects	698	(3)
Templates	701	(28)
Templates for Algorithm Abstraction	703	(11)
Templates for Functions	704	(3)
Pitfall: Compiler Complications	707	(2)
Programming Example: A Generic Sorting Function	709	(4)
Programming Tip: How to Define Templates	713	(1)
Pitfall: Using a Template with an Inappropriate Type	714	(1)
Templates for Data Abstraction	714	(15)
Syntax for Class Templates	715	(3)
Programming Example: An Array Class	718	(6)
Chapter Summary	724	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	724	(3)
Programming Projects	727	(2)
Pointers and Linked Lists	729	(42)
Nodes and Linked Lists	731	(21)
Nodes	731	(4)
Linked Lists	735	(1)
Inserting a Node at the Head of a List	736	(4)
Pitfall: Losing Nodes	740	(1)
Searching a Linked List	741	(2)
Pointers as Iterators	743	(2)
Inserting and Removing Nodes Inside a List	745	(2)
Pitfall: Using the Assignment Operator with Dynamic Data Structures	747	(3)
Variations on Linked Lists	750	(2)
Stacks and Queues	752	(19)
Stacks	752	(1)
Programming Example: A Stack Class	752	(6)
Queues	758	(1)
Programming Example: A Queue Class	759	(5)
Chapter Summary	764	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	764	(3)
Programming Projects	767	(4)
Inheritance	771	(50)
Inheritance Basics	773	(22)
Derived Classes	773	(9)
Constructors in Derived Classes	782	(2)
Pitfall: Use of Private Member Variables from the Base Class	784	(2)
Pitfall: Private Member Functions Are Effectively Not Inherited	786	(1)
The protected Qualifier	786	(3)
Redefinition of Member Functions	789	(2)
Redefining versus Overloading	791	(3)
Access to a Redefined Base Function	794	(1)
Inheritance Details	795	(3)
Functions That Are Not Inherited	795	(1)
Assignment Operators and Copy Constructors in Derived Classes	796	(1)
Destructors in Derived Classes	797	(1)
Polymorphism	798	(23)
Late Binding	798	(1)
Virtual Functions in C++	799	(6)
Virtual Functions and Extended Type Compatibility	805	(2)
Pitfall: The Slicing Problem	807	(3)
Pitfall: Not Using Virtual Member Functions	810	(1)
Pitfall: Attempting to Compile Class Definitions Without Definitions for Every Virtual Member Function	811	(1)
Programming Tip: Make Destructors Virtual	811	(2)
Chapter Summary	813	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	813	(4)
Programming Projects	817	(4)
Exception Handling	821	(30)
Exception-Handling Basics	823	(20)
A Toy Example of Exception Handling	823	(9)
Defining Your Own Exception Classes	832	(1)
Multiple Throws and Catches	832	(1)
Pitfall: Catch the More Specific Exception First	832	(5)
Programming Tip: Exception Classes Can Be Trivial	837	(1)
Throwing an Exception in a Function	837	(1)
Exception Specification	838	(4)
Pitfall: Exception Specification in Derived Classes	842	(1)
Programming Techniques for Exception Handling	843	(8)
When to Throw an Exception	843	(1)
Pitfall: Uncaught Exceptions	844	(1)
Pitfall: Nested try-catch Blocks	845	(1)
Pitfall: Overuse of Exceptions	845	(1)
Exception Class Hierarchies	845	(1)
Testing for Available Memory	845	(1)
Rethrowing an Exception	846	(1)
Chapter Summary	847	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	847	(1)
Programming Projects	848	(3)
Standard Template Library	851	(50)
Iterators	853	(14)
Using Declarations	853	(1)
Iterator Basics	854	(5)
Kinds of Iterators	859	(4)
Constant and Mutable Iterators	863	(1)
Reverse Iterators	864	(1)
Pitfall: Compiler Problems	865	(1)
Other Kinds of Iterators	865	(2)
Containers	867	(15)
Sequential Containers	867	(5)
Pitfall: Iterators and Removing Elements	872	(1)
Programming Tip: Type Definitions in Containers	873	(1)
Container Adapters stack and queue	873	(1)
Associative Containers set and map	874	(8)
Efficiency	882	(1)
Generic Algorithms	882	(19)
Running Times and Big-O Notation	883	(4)
Container Access Running Times	887	(1)
Nonmodifying Sequence Algorithms	887	(5)
Container Modifying Algorithms	892	(1)
Set Algorithms	892	(3)
Sorting Algorithms	895	(1)
Chapter Summary	896	(1)
Answers to Self-Test Exercises	896	(2)
Programming Projects	898	(3)
Appendix 1 C++ Keywords	901	(1)
Appendix 2 Precedence of Operators	902	(2)
Appendix 3 The ASCII Character Set	904	(1)
Appendix 4 Some Library Functions	905	(7)
Appendix 5 The assert Statement	912	(1)
Appendix 6 Inline Functions	913	(1)
Appendix 7 Overloading the Array Index Square Brackets	914	(2)
Appendix 8 The this Pointer	916	(2)
Appendix 9 Overloading Operators as Member Operators	918	(3)
Index	921