Program Evaluation : Alternative Approaches and Practical Guidelines,9780801307744

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Program Evaluation : Alternative Approaches and Practical Guidelines

by Worthen, Blaine R.; Sanders, James R.; Fitzpatrick, Jody L.

Edition:

2nd

ISBN13:

9780801307744

ISBN10:

0801307740

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

12/1/1996

Publisher(s):

Addison-Wesley

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Summary

This updated, significantly expanded revision of the text previously published as Educational Evaluation, offers a wide-ranging introduction to evaluation procedures in all fields. The text encompasses evaluation practices, a history of the field, its conceptual bases, and current controversies.

Preface

PART ONE INTRODUCTION TO EVALUATION

(54)

CHAPTER 1 EVALUATION'S BASIC PURPOSE, USES, AND CONCEPTUAL DISTINCTIONS

(22)

A Brief Definition of Evaluation

(1)

Informal versus Formal Evaluation

(1)

Distinguishing between Evaluation's Purpose, Uses, and Essential Activites

(6)

Two Basic Distinctions in Evaluation

(9)

Evaluation's Importance--and Its Limitations

(1)

Application Exercises

(1)

Suggested Readings

(1)

CHAPTER 2 ORIGINS OF MODERN PROGRAM EVALUATION

(10)

The History and Influence of Evaluation in Society: Stone Age to 1965

(7)

Application Exercises

(1)

Suggested Readings

(1)

CHAPTER 3 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND TRENDS IN EVALUATION

(20)

Program Evaluation: Trends across Three Decades of a Maturing Profession

(13)

Recent Trends Influencing Program Evaluation

(3)

Application Exercises

(1)

Suggested Readings

(2)

PART TWO ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO PROGRAM EVALUATION

(132)

CHAPTER 4 ALTERNATIVE VIEWS OF EVALUATION

(20)

Diverse Conceptions of Program Evaluation

(1)

Origins of Alternative Views of Evaluation

(1)

Philosophical and Ideological Differences

(4)

Methodological Backgrounds and Preferences

(7)

Different Metaphors of Evaluation

(1)

Responding to Different Needs

(1)

Practical Considerations

(1)

Themes among the Variations

(1)

A Classification Schema for Evaluation Approaches

(1)

Application Exercises

(1)

Suggested Readings

(2)

CHAPTER 5 OBJECTIVES--ORIENTED EVALUATION APPROACHES

(16)

Developers of the Objectives--Oriented Evaluation Approach and Their Contributions

(7)

How the Objectives--Oriented Evaluation Approach Has Been Used

(2)

Strengths and Limitations of the Objectives--Oriented Evaluation Approach

(4)

Application Exercises

(1)

Suggested Readings

(1)

CHAPTER 6 MANAGEMENT--ORIENTED EVALUATION APPROACHES

(10)

Developers of the Management--Oriented Evaluation Approach and Their Contributions

(5)

How the Management--Oriented Evaluation Approach Has Been Used

103

(1)

Strengths and Limitations of the Management--Oriented Evaluation Approach

104

(2)

Application Exercises

106

(1)

Suggested Readings

106

(1)

CHAPTER 7 CONSUMER--ORIENTED EVALUATION APPROACHES

107

(12)

Developers of the Consumer--Oriented Evaluation Approach and Their Contributions

108

(5)

How the Consumer--Oriented Evaluation Approach Has Been Used

113

(3)

Strengths and Limitations of the Consummer--Oriented Evaluation Approach

116

(1)

Application Exercises

117

(1)

Suggested Readings

117

(2)

CHAPTER 8 EXPERTISE--ORIENTED EVALUATION APPROACHES

119

(18)

Developers of the Expertise--Oriented Evaluation Approach and Their Contributions

121

(8)

How the Expertise--Oriented Evaluation Approach Has Been Used

129

(2)

Strengths and Limitations of the Expertise--Oriented Evaluation Approach

131

(3)

Application Exercises

134

(1)

Suggested Readings

135

(2)

CHAPTER 9 ADVERSARY--ORIENTED EVALUATION APPROACHES

137

(16)

Developers of Adversary--Oriented Evaluation Approaches and Their Contributions

139

(6)

How the Adversary--Oriented Evaluation Approach Has Been Used

145

(1)

Strengths and Limitations of the Adversary--Oriented Evaluation Approach

146

(5)

Application Exercises

151

(1)

Suggested Readings

152

(1)

CHAPTER 10 PARTICIPANT--ORIENTED EVALUATION APPROACHES

153

(18)

Developers of Participant--Oriented Evaluation Approaches and Their Contributions

154

(11)

How Participants--Oriented Evaluation Approaches Have Been Used

165

(1)

Strengths and Limitations of Participant--Oriented Evaluation Approaches

166

(2)

Application Exercises

168

(1)

Suggested Readings

169

(2)

CHAPTER 11 ALTERNATIVE EVALUATION APPROACHES: A SUMMARY AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

171

(16)

Cautions about the Alternative Evaluation Approaches

172

(5)

Contributions of the Alternative Evaluation Approaches

177

(1)

Comparative Analysis of Characteristics of Alternative Evaluation Approaches

178

(4)

Eclectic Uses of the Alternative Evaluation Approaches

182

(2)

Drawing Practical Implications from the Alternative Evaluation Approaches

184

(1)

Application Exercises

185

(1)

Suggested Readings

186

(1)

PART THREE PRACTICAL GUIDELINES FOR PLANNING EVALUATIONS

187

(122)

Introduction of Case Study

188

(3)

CHAPTER 12 CLARIFYING THE EVALUATION REQUEST AND RESPONSIBILITIES

191

(24)

Understanding the Reasons for Initiating the Evaluation

192

(4)

Conditions under Which Evaluation Studies Are Inappropriate

196

(3)

Determining When an Evaluation Is Appropriate: Evaluability Assessment

199

(5)

Selecting an Evaluator

204

(3)

Selecting an External Evaluator

207

(6)

Application Exercises

213

(1)

Relevant Evaluation Standards

213

(1)

Suggested Readings

214

(1)

CHAPTER 13 SETTING BOUNDARIES AND ANALYZING THE EVALUATION CONTEXT

215

(30)

Identifying Intended Audiences for an Evaluation

216

(3)

Describing What Is to be Evaluated: Setting the Boundaries

219

(8)

Analyzing the Resources and Capabilities That Can Be Committed to the Evaluation

227

(3)

Analyzing the Political Context for the Evaluation

230

(1)

Variations Caused by the Evaluation Approach Used

231

(2)

Determining Whether to Proceed with the Evaluation

233

(9)

Application Exercises

242

(1)

Relevant Evaluation Standards

243

(1)

Suggested Readings

243

(2)

CHAPTER 14 IDENTIFYING AND SELECTING THE EVALUATION QUESTIONS AND CRITERIA

245

(24)

Identifying Appropriate Sources of Questions and Critera: The Divergent Phase

247

(10)

Selecting the Questions, Criteria, and Issues to Be Addressed: The Convergent Phase

257

(7)

Remaining Flexible during the Evaluation: Allowing New Questions, Criteria, and Standards to Emerge

264

(3)

Application Exercises

267

(1)

Relevant Evaluation Standards

268

(1)

Suggested Readings

268

(1)

CHAPTER 15 PLANNING HOW TO CONDUCT THE EVALUATION

269

(40)

Identifying Design and Data--Collection Methods

271

(14)

Specifying How the Evaluation Will Be Conducted: The Management Plan

285

(9)

Establishing Evaluation Agreements and Contracts

294

(12)

Application Exercises

306

(1)

Relevant Evaluation Standards

306

(1)

Suggested Readings

307

(2)

PART FOUR PRACTICAL GUIDELINES FOR CONDUCTING AND USING EVALUATIONS

309

(150)

CHAPTER 16 DEALING WITH POLITICAL, ETHICAL, AND INTERPERSONAL ASPECTS OF EVALUATION

311

(30)

Establishing and Maintaining Good Communications among Evaluators and Stakeholders

312

(2)

Understanding Potential Bias Resulting from the Evaluator's Personal Values and Interpersonal, Financial, and Organizational Relationships with Other

314

(8)

Maintaining Ethical Standards: Considerations, Issues, and Responsibilities for Evaluators and Clients

322

(7)

Coping with Political Pressures and Problems in Evaluation

329

(10)

Application Exercises

339

(1)

Revelant Evaluation Standards

340

(1)

Suggested Readings

340

(1)

CHAPTER 17 COLLECTING, ANALYZING, AND INTERPRETING QUANTITATIVE INFORMATION

341

(30)

Quantitative and Qualitative Methods

342

(1)

Planning and Organizing the Collection of Information

343

(2)

Designs for Collecting Causal and Descriptive Information

345

(6)

Common Methods for Collecting Quantitative Information

351

(7)

Sampling

358

(3)

Cost Analysis

361

(3)

Analysis of Quantitative Information

364

(5)

Application Exercises

369

(1)

Relevant Evaluation Standards

369

(1)

Suggested Readings

370

(1)

CHAPTER 18 COLLECTING, ANALYZING, AND INTERPRETING QUALITATIVE INFORMATION

371

(36)

Methods for Collecting Qualitative Information

373

(16)

Analysis of Qualitative Information

389

(4)

Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Methods

393

(10)

Application Exercises

403

(1)

Relevant Evaluation Standards

404

(1)

Suggested Readings

404

(3)

CHAPTER 19 REPORTING AND USING EVALUATION INFORMATION

407

(32)

Purposes of Evaluation Reports

408

(1)

Identifying Audiences for Evaluation Reports

409

(1)

Tailoring Evaluation Reports to Thier Audience(s)

409

(3)

Timing of Evaluation Reports

412

(2)

Important Ingredients in a Good Written Evaluation Report

414

(6)

Suggestions for Presenting Information in Written Evaluation Reports

420

(5)

Human and Humane Considertions in Reporting Evaluation Findings

425

(4)

Suggestions for Effective Oral Reporting

429

(1)

A Checklist for Good Evaluation Reports

430

(1)

The Use of Evaluation Reports

431

(5)

Application Exercises

436

(1)

Relevant Evaluation Standards

437

(1)

Suggested Readings

437

(2)

CHAPTER 20 EVALUATING EVALUATIONS

439

(20)

The Concept and Evolution of Metaevaluation

440

(2)

The Joint Committee's Standards for Program Evaluation

442

(1)

Summary of the Program Evaluation Standards

442

(3)

AEA Guiding Principles for Evaluators

445

(5)

The Role of Metaevaluator

450

(1)

Some General Guidelines for Conducting Metaevaluations

451

(3)

A Need for More Metaevaluation

454

(3)

Application Exercises

457

(1)

Relevant Evaluation Standards

457

(1)

Suggested Readings

458

(1)

PART FIVE EMMERGING AND FUTURE SETTINGS FOR PROGRAM EVALUATION

459

(52)

CHAPTER 21 CONDUCTING MULTIPLE--SITE EVALUATION STUDIES

461

(22)

Purposes and Characteristics of Multiple--Site Evaluations

462

(3)

Multisite--Evaluation (MSE)

465

(5)

On--Site Evaluation at Multiple Sites

470

(4)

Cluster Evaluation

474

(6)

Other Approaches to Multiple--Site Evaluation

480

(1)

Application Exercises

481

(1)

Suggested Readings

481

(2)

CHAPTER 22 CONDUCTING EVALUATION OF ORGANISATIONS' RENEWAL AND TRAINING IN CORPORATE AND NONPROFIT SETTINGS

483

(20)

Evaluation in Nonprofit Sector

484

(4)

Evaluating Training Programs

488

(3)

Personnel Evaluation

491

(3)

Other Methods of Organizational Assessment

494

(6)

Application Exercises

500

(1)

Suggested Readings

501

(2)

CHAPTER 23 THE FUTURE OF EVALUATION

503

(8)

The Future of Evaluation

504

(5)

Potholes in Evaluation's Pathway

509

(1)

Conclusion

509

(1)

Application Exercise

510

(1)

Suggested Readings

510

(1)

APPENDIX SOME GENERAL AREAS OF COMPETENCE IMPORTANT IN EDUCATION EVALUATION

511

(4)

Glossary

515

(8)

References

523

(26)

Author Index

549

(5)

Subject Index

554

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Program Evaluation : Alternative Approaches and Practical Guidelines

9780801307744

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