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PART ONE THE WRITING PROCESS
Chapter 1 Planning and Writing
PLANNING YOUR WRITING: GENERATING IDEAS
Listing
Brainstorming
Clustering
Freewriting
Journaling
Working Together: Generating Ideas
PLANNING YOUR WRITING: ESTABLISHING YOUR AUDIENCE AND
PURPOSE
Kinds of Details
Vocabulary
Approach
PLANNING YOUR WRITING: ORDERING YOUR IDEAS
Chronological Order
Spatial Order
Emphatic Order
Combining Orders
Making a Scratch Outline
CHECKING YOUR PLANNING
WRITING YOUR FIRST DRAFT
OBSERVING A STUDENT WRITER AT WORK
Planning: Generating Ideas
Planning: Establishing Audience and Purpose
Planning: Ordering Ideas
Writing the First Draft
WRITING ASSIGNMENT
TIPS: PLANNING AND WRITING
SUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE
Chapter 2 Rewriting
REWRITING: REVISING YOUR FIRST DRAFT
Get a Different Perspective
Get Reader Response
REWRITING: EDITING YOUR DRAFT
Get a Fresh Perspective
Learn the Rules
REWRITING: PROOFREADING YOUR FINAL COPY
OBSERVING A STUDENT WRITER AT WORK
Rewriting: Considering Reader Response
Rewriting: Revising the First Draft
Revising, Editing, and Proofreading the Draft
WRITING ASSIGNMENT
TIPS: REVISING
SUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE
PART TWO -THE PARAGRAPH
Chapter 3 Paragraph Basics
THE PARTS OF A PARAGRAPH
THE TOPIC SENTENCE
The Qualities of Effective Topic Sentences
Planning, Writing, and Rewriting: Your Topic Sentence
THE SUPPORTING DETAILS
Adequate Supporting Detail
Specific Supporting Detail
Use Specific Words
Follow General Statements with Specific Statements
Relevant Supporting Detail
Logical Order
Transitions and Repetition for Coherence
THE CLOSING
PLANNING, WRITING, AND REWRITING YOUR PARAGRAPH
WRITING ASSIGNMENT
TIPS: COMPOSING YOUR PARAGRAPH
SUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE
Chapter 4 Narration
A SAMPLE NARRATIVE PARAGRAPH
THE TOPIC SENTENCE
SUPPORTING DETAILS
Order and Transitions
Writing Dialogue
Using Specific Words
THE CLOSING
PLANNING, WRITING, AND REWRITING NARRATION
WRITING ASSIGNMENTS
TIPS: COMPOSING YOUR NARRATIVE PARAGRAPH
SUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE
Chapter 5 Description
A SAMPLE DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH
THE TOPIC SENTENCE
SUPPORTING DETAILS
Order and Transitions
THE CLOSING
PLANNING, WRITING, AND REWRITING DESCRIPTION
WRITING ASSIGNMENTS
TIPS: COMPOSING YOUR DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH
SUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE
Chapter 6 Illustration
A SAMPLE ILLUSTRATION PARAGRAPH
THE TOPIC SENTENCE
SUPPORTING DETAILS
Order and Transitions
THE CLOSING
PLANNING, WRITING, AND REWRITING ILLUSTRATION
WRITING ASSIGNMENTS
TIPS: COMPOSING YOUR ILLUSTRATION PARAGRAPH
SUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE
Chapter 7 Process Analysis
A SAMPLE PROCESS ANALYSIS
THE TOPIC SENTENCE
SUPPORTING DETAILS
Order and Transitions
THE CLOSING
PLANNING, WRITING, AND REWRITING PROCESS ANALYSIS
WRITING ASSIGNMENTS
TIPS:COMPOSING YOUR PROCESS ANALYSIS PARAGRAPH
SUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE
Chapter 8 Definition
A SAMPLE DEFINITION PARAGRAPH
THE TOPIC SENTENCE
SUPPORTING DETAILS
Order and Transitions
THE CLOSING
PLANNING, WRITING, AND REWRITING DEFINITION
WRITING ASSIGNMENTS
TIPS: COMPOSING YOUR DEFINITION PARAGRAPH
SUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE
Chapter 9 Comparison and Contrast
SAMPLE COMPARISON AND CONTRAST PARAGRAPHS
THE TOPIC SENTENCE
SUPPORTING DETAILS
Order and Transitions
PLANNING, WRITING, AND REWRITING COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
WRITING ASSIGNMENTS
TIPS: COMPOSING YOUR COMPARISON AND CONTRAST PARAGRAPH
SUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE
Chapter 10 Cause-and-Effect Analysis
SAMPLE CAUSE-AND-EFFECT PARAGRAPHS
THE TOPIC SENTENCE
SUPPORTING DETAILS
Order and Transitions
THE CLOSING
PLANNING, WRITING, AND REWRITING CAUSE-AND-EFFECT ANALYSIS
WRITING ASSIGNMENTS
TIPS: COMPOSING YOUR CAUSE-AND-EFFECT ANALYSIS PARAGRAPH
SUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE
Chapter 11 Classification
A SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION PARAGRAPH
THE TOPIC SENTENCE
SUPPORTING DETAILS
Order and Transitions
THE CLOSING
PLANNING, WRITING, AND REWRITING CLASSIFICATION
WRITING ASSIGNMENTS
TIPS: COMPOSING YOUR CLASSIFICATION PARAGRAPH
SUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE
Chapter 12 Argument
A SAMPLE ARGUMENT PARAGRAPH
THE TOPIC SENTENCE
SUPPORTING DETAILS
Order and Transitions
THE CLOSING
PLANNING, WRITING, AND REWRITING ARGUMENT
WRITING ASSIGNMENTS
TIPS: COMPOSING YOUR ARGUMENT PARAGRAPH
SUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE
PART THREE THE ESSAY
Chapter 13 Writing an Essay
THE PARTS OF AN ESSAY
Comparing Paragraph and Essay Parts
THE INTRODUCTION
The Thesis
The Qualities of an Effective Thesis
The Hook
SUPPORTING PARAGRAPHS
The Topic Sentence
Supporting Details
Logical Order
Coherence
Using the Patterns of Development
THE CONCLUSION
ESSAY STRUCTURE
PLANNING, WRITING, AND REWRITING AN ESSAY
WRITING ASSIGNMENTS
TIPS: COMPOSING YOUR ESSAY
SUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE
Chapter 14 Kinds of Essays
NARRATION
Student Essay: A Deadly Afternoon
WRITING ASSIGNMENT
DESCRIPTION
Student Essay: My Place of Solitude
ILLUSTRATION
Student Essay: One Step Forward and Two Steps Back
WRITING ASSIGNMENT
PROCESS ANALYSIS
Student Essay: Making Money with a Garage Sale
WRITING ASSIGNMENT
DEFINITION
Student Essay: Online Identity
WRITING ASSIGNMENT
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
Student Essay: Identical but Different
WRITING ASSIGNMENT
CAUSE-AND-EFFECT ANALYSIS
Student Essay: What Happened When I Quit Smoking
WRITING ASSIGNMENT
CLASSIFICATION
Student Essay: Different Ways to Save Files
WRITING ASSIGNMENT
ARGUMENT
Student Essay: Let’s Pay College Athletes
WRITING ASSIGNMENT
COMBINING PATTERNS
Student Essay: Toward a Safer Campus
WRITING ASSIGNMENT
SUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE
PART FOUR EFFECTIVE SENTENCES
Chapter 15 Identifying Subjects and Verbs
SUBJECTS AND VERBS
IDENTIFYING VERBS
Action Verbs
Linking Verbs
Helping Verbs
Sentences with More Than One Verb
IDENTIFYING SUBJECTS
Sentences with Prepositional Phrases
Sentences with Inverted Order
Sentences with More Than One Subject
Sentences That Are Commands or Requests
TIPS: IDENTIFYING SUBJECTS AND VERBS
LEARNING FROM TEXTBOOKS
SUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE
Chapter 16 Using Coordination and Subordination
IDENTIFYING CLAUSES
Two Kinds of Clauses
COORDINATION
Joining Independent Clauses with Coordinating Conjunctions
Joining Independent Clauses with Conjunctive Adverbs
SUBORDINATION
Joining an Independent Clause with a Dependent Clause
Joining an Independent Clause with a Relative Clause
TIPS: USING COORDINATION AND SUBORDINATION
LEARNING FROM TEXTBOOKS
SUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE
Chapter 17 Avoiding Sentence Fragments
IDENTIFYING SENTENCE FRAGMENTS
Missing Subject Fragments
Incomplete Verb Fragments
Missing and Subject and Verb Fragments
Dependent Clause Fragments
TIPS: AVOIDING SENTENCE FRAGMENTS
LEARNING FROM TEXTBOOKS
SUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE
Chapter 18 Avoiding Run-On Sentences and Comma Splices
IDENTIFYING RUN-ON SENTENCES AND COMMA SPLICES
Correcting Run-Ons and Comma Splices wit a Period and Capital Letter
Correcting Run-Ons and Comma Splices with a Comma and Coordinating
Conjunction
Correcting Run-Ons and Comma Splices with a Semicolon
Warning Words and Phrases
TIPS: AVOIDING RUN-ON SENTENCES AND COMMA SPLICES
LEARNING FROM TEXTBOOKS
SUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE
Chapter 19 Writing Sentences with Variety and Parallelism
SENTENCE VARIETY
Begin with One or Two —ly Words
Begin with an —ing Verb or Phrase
Begin with an —ed Verb of Phrase
Begin with a Prepositional Phrase
PARALLELISM: WORDS IN SERIES AND PAIRS
PARALLELISM: PAIRS OF CONJUNCTIONS
TIPS: WRITING SENTENCES WITH VARIETY AND PARALLELISM
LEARNING FROM TEXTBOOKS
SUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE
Chapter 20 Choosing Words Carefully
WORDINESS
DOUBLE NEGATIVES
SLANG
CLICHÉS
VOCABULARY BUILDING
TIPS: CHOOSING WORDS CAREFULLY
LEARNING FROM TEXTBOOKS
SUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE
Comprehensive Post Test for Part Four
PART FIVE GRAMMAR AND USAGE
Chapter 21 Using Verbs Correctly
VERB FORMS
Regular Verbs
Present Tense Forms for Regular Verbs
Past Tense Forms for Regular Verbs
Past Participle Forms for Regular Verbs
Irregular Verbs
Present Tense Forms for Irregular Verbs
Present Tense Forms for Be, Have, and Do
Past Tense Forms for Irregular Verbs
Past Tense Forms for Be
Past Participle Forms for Irregular Verbs
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
Compound Subjects
Collective Noun Subjects
Indefinite Pronoun Subjects
Phrases between the Subject and Verb
Inverted Order
Who, Which, That
TENSE SHIFTS
TIPS: USING VERBS CORRECTLY
LEARNING FROM TEXTBOOKS
SUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE
Chapter 22 Using Pronouns Correctly
PRONOUN-ANTECEDENT AGREEMENT
Compound Subject Antecedents
Collective Noun Antecedents
Indefinite Pronoun Antecedents
Nonsexist Usage
Phrases after the Antecedent
PRONOUN REFERENCE
Unclear Reference
Unstated Reference
SUBJECT, OBJECT, AND POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
Subject Pronouns
Object Pronouns
Possessive Pronouns
Who and Whom
Subject and Object Pronouns in Compounds
Subject and Object Pronouns Paired with Nouns
Subject and Object Pronouns in Comparisons
PERSON SHIFT
TIPS: USING PRONOUNS CORRECTLY
LEARNING FROM TEXTBOOKS
SUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE
Chapter 23 Using Modifiers Correctly
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
-ly Adverbs
Good/Well
Comparative and Superlative Forms
DANGLING MODIFIERS
MISPLACED MODIFIERS
TIPS: USING MODIFIERS COMRRECTLY
LEARNING FROM TEXTBOOKS
SUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE
Chapter 24 Using Capital Letters and Punctuation Correctly
CAPITAL LETTERS
END PUNCTUATION
The Period
The Question Mark
The Exclamation Point
COMMAS
Commas with Dates
Commas with Places and Addresses
Commas with Words, Phrases, and Clauses in a Series
Commas with Coordination
Commas with Introductory Elements
Commas with Interrupters
Commas with Coordinate Modifiers
Commas with Direct Address
SEMICOLONS
Semicolons to Join Independent Clauses
Semicolons with Items in a Series
COLONS, PARENTHESES, AND DASHES
The Colon
Parentheses
The Dash
APOSTROPHES
Apostrophes for Possession
Apostrophes with Contractions
Other Uses for the Apostrophe
QUOTATION MARKS
Quotation Marks with Exact Spoken or Written Words
Quotation Marks with Titles of Short Published Works
TIPS: USING CAPITALS AND PUNCTUATION CORRECTLY
LEARNING FROM TEXTBOOKS
SUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE
Chapter 25 Eliminating Problems with Frequently Confused Words and Spelling
FREQUENTLY CONFUSED WORDS
A/An
Accept/Except
Advice/Advise
Affect/Effect
All Ready/Already
All Right/Alright
Among/Between
Been/Being
Beside/Besides
Can/Could
Fewer/Less
Good/Well
It’s/Its
Of/Have
Passed/Past
Quiet/Quit/Quite
Suppose/Supposed
Then/Than
There/Their/They’re
Through/Though/Threw
To/Too/Two
Use/Used
Where/Were/We’re
Will/Would
Whose/Who’s
Your/You’re
SPELLING
Spelling Rules
Frequently Misspelled Words
The Hyphen
TIPS: USING FREQUENTLY CONFUSED WORDS AND SPELLING CORRECTLY
LEARNING FROM TEXTBOOKS
SUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE
Comprehensive Post Test for Part Five
PART SIX FROM READING TO WRITING
Chapter 26 Writing in Response to College Reading
ACTIVE READING
Step 1: Survey
Step 2: Read without Interruption
Step 3: Read and Study
Step 4: Test Yourself
A SAMPLE ACTIVE READING
ohn Kellmayer “Students in Shock”
READING TO IMPROVE WRITING
NARRATION
Lori Hope “Did I Save Lives or Engage in Racial Profiling?”
DESCRIPTION
Patsy Garlan “A Link to the Living”
ILLUSTRATION
Kathleen Vail “Words that Wound”
PROCESS ANALYSIS
Joey Green “Beauty and the Beef”
DEFINITION
Jenny Bradner “Supermodel?”
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
Andrew Lam “They Shut My Grandmother’s Room Door”
CAUSE-AND-EFFECT ANALYSIS
Judy Mandell “Sometimes Honesty Is the Worst Policy”
CLASSIFICATION
Marion Winik “What Are Friends For?”
ARGUMENT
Andrew D. Brunhart “Thirsty? Try the Tap”
SUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE
Chapter 27 Writing Summaries and Essay Examination Answers
WRITING A SUMMARY
The Characteristics of a Summary
How to Write a Summary
A Sample Summary
Barrett Seaman “How Bingeing Became the New College Sport”
WRITING ESSAY EXAMINATION ANSWERS
How to Take an Essay Examination
Test-Taking Strategies
Two Answers to Study
SUCCEEDING IN COLLEGE
Appendix I Editing Workshop
EDITING FOR ONE KIND OF ERROR
EDITING FOR MULTIPLE KINDS OF ERRORS
Appendix II Answers to Pretests
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