Psychology A Modular Approach to Mind and Behavior

by Coon, Dennis

• ISBN13: 9780495031123
• ISBN10: 0495031127
• Edition: 10th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-07-15
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Over 2 million students have learned psychology from Dennis Coon. Serving as a guide and mentor to students, Coon uses humor and everyday analogies to make abstract concepts concrete, such as "the cerebral cortex looks like a giant, wrinkled walnut." Using a consistent pedagogical structure, the author helps students learn psychology by using the tested principles of Survey, Question, Read, Recite and Review. In addition, he helps them to master psychology with a fourth "R," Relate, which requires them to relate their new knowledge to their own experience, helping abstract ideas to become concrete. The book uses a "chunking" principle, asking students to read major sections, then review them, before they go on. As the new title of the book indicates, PSYCHOLOGY: A MODULAR APPROACH TO MIND AND BEHAVIOR (formerly called ESSENTIALS OF PSYCHOLOGY) is now modular, and is the medium-sized text in a three-book set authored by Dennis Coon. By separating the chapters into modules, this edition goes even further in "chunking" content for student mastery. This text covers the basic set of topics but differs by having two chapters on development, a separate chapter on "Gender and Sexuality" (Chapter 15), and a concluding chapter on "Applied Psychology" (Chapter 17). The book is frequently described as "fun" because it presents topics that are of interest and relevance to students, relates it to their lives, and provides many engaging applications that students can use in their own lives. For teachers who want a book that students will read, enjoy, and savor ? Coon's text is the perfect choice.

Table of Contents

Introduction The Psychology of Studying	1	(1)
The SQ4R Method---How to Tame a Textbook	1	(1)
How to Use Psychology: A Modular Approach to Mind and Behavior	2	(1)
Effective Note-Taking---Good Students, Take Note!	2	(2)
Using and Reviewing Your Notes	3	(1)
Study Strategies---Making a Habit of Success	4	(1)
Self-Regulated Learning---Academic All-Stars	5	(1)
Procrastination---Avoiding the Last-Minute Blues	5	(1)
Time Management	5	(1)
Goal Setting	6	(1)
Make Learning an Adventure	6	(1)
Taking Tests---Are You ``Test Wise''?	6	(1)
General Test-Taking Skills	6	(1)
Using Electronic Media---Netting New Knowledge	7	(3)
Electronic Journeys	8	(1)
The Psychology Resource Center	8	(1)
Psych Sites	8	(1)
Multimedia CD-ROMs	9	(1)
A Final Word	10	(1)
Knowledge Builder	10	(1)
Interactive Learning www	11	(1)
Introducing Psychology and Research Methods	12	(40)
Module 1.1: The Science of Psychology	14	(1)
Psychology---Spotlight on Behavior	14	(3)
What Is Psychology?	14	(1)
Empirical Evidence	14	(1)
Psychological Research	15	(2)
Psychology's Goals	17	(1)
Module 1.1: Summary	17	(1)
Knowledge Builder	18	(1)
Module 1.2: History and Major Perspectives	19	(1)
A Brief History of Psychology---Psychology's Family Album	19	(3)
Structuralism	19	(1)
Functionalism	19	(1)
Behaviorism	20	(1)
Gestalt Psychology	21	(1)
Psychoanalytic Psychology	21	(1)
Human Diversity Women in Psychology	22	(2)
Humanistic Psychology	23	(1)
Psychology Today---Five Ways to View Behavior	24	(1)
Recent Trends	24	(1)
Positive Psychology	24	(1)
Human Diversity---Appreciating Social and Cultural Differences	25	(1)
The Impact of Culture	25	(1)
Module 1.2: Summary	26	(1)
Knowledge Builder	26	(1)
Module 1.3: Psychologists and Their Specialties	27	(1)
Psychologists---Guaranteed Not to Shrink	27	(1)
Other Mental Health Professionals	27	(1)
Discovering Psychology Is a Career in Psychology Right for You?	28	(2)
The Profession of Psychology	28	(1)
Specialties in Psychology	28	(2)
Module 1.3: Summary	30	(1)
Knowledge Builder	30	(1)
Module 1.4: Research Methods, Naturalistic Observation, and Correlation	31	(1)
Scientific Research---How to Think Like a Psychologist	31	(2)
The Scientific Method	31	(2)
Research Methods	33	(1)
Naturalistic Observation---Psychology Steps Out!	33	(1)
Limitations	34	(1)
Recording Observations	34	(1)
Correlational Studies---In Search of the Perfect Relationship	34	(2)
Correlation Coefficients	34	(2)
Module 1.4: Summary	36	(1)
Knowledge Builder	36	(1)
Module 1.5: The Psychology Experiment	37	(1)
The Psychology Experiment---Where Cause Meets Effect	37	(2)
Variables and Groups	37	(2)
Critical Thinking That's Interesting, But Is It Ethical?	39	(1)
Placebo Effects, Sugar Pills, and Saltwater	39	(1)
The Experimenter Effect	40	(1)
Module 1.5: Summary	40	(1)
Knowledge Builder	41	(1)
Module 1.6: Clinical and Survey Methods, Critical Thinking	42	(1)
The Clinical Method---Data by the Case	42	(1)
Survey Method---Here, Have a Sample	43	(1)
Science and Critical Thinking---Healthy Skepticism	44	(1)
Thinking about Behavior	44	(1)
Pseudopsychologies---Palms, Planets, and Personality	45	(3)
Problems in the Stars	46	(2)
A Look Ahead	48	(1)
Module 1.6: Summary	48	(1)
Knowledge Builder	48	(1)
Module 1.7: Psychology in Action: Psychology in the News---Separating Fact from Fiction	49	(1)
Module 1.7: Summary	50	(1)
Knowledge Builder	51	(1)
Interactive Learning www	51	(1)
Brain and Behavior	52	(34)
Module 2.1: Neurons, the Nervous System, and Brain Research	54	(1)
Neurons---Building a ``Biocomputer''	54	(3)
Parts of a Neuron	54	(1)
The Nerve Impulse	55	(1)
Synapses and Neurotransmitters	56	(1)
Discovering Psychology Dollars, Drag Racing, and the Nervous System	57	(1)
The Nervous System---Wired for Action	58	(4)
Neurons and Nerves	58	(1)
Neural Networks	59	(3)
Research Methods---Charting the Brain's Inner Realms	62	(2)
New Images of the Living Brain	62	(2)
Module 2.1: Summary	64	(1)
Knowledge Builder	65	(1)
Module 2.2: Cerebral Cortex and Lobes of the Brain	66	(1)
The Cerebral Cortex---My, What a Big Brain You Have!	66	(6)
Corticalization	66	(1)
Cerebral Hemispheres	67	(1)
Hemispheric Specialization	68	(1)
Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex	69	(3)
Human Diversity His and Her Brains?	72	(1)
Module 2.2: Summary	72	(1)
Knowledge Builder	73	(1)
Module 2.3: Subcortex and Endocrine System	74	(1)
The Subcortex---At the Core of the (Brain) Matter	74	(3)
The Hindbrain	74	(1)
The Forebrain	74	(2)
The Magnificent Brain	76	(1)
The Brain of the Future	76	(1)
The Endocrine System---Hormones and Behavior	77	(3)
Module 2.3: Summary	80	(1)
Knowledge Builder	80	(1)
Module 2.4: Psychology in Action: Handedness---If Your Brain Is Right, What's Left?	81	(3)
Module 2.4: Summary	84	(1)
Knowledge Builder	84	(1)
Interactive Learning www	85	(1)
Child Development	86	(42)
Module 3.1: Heredity and Environment	88	(1)
Heredity and Environment---The Nurture of Nature	88	(5)
Heredity	88	(1)
Genetic Programming	88	(1)
Environment	89	(1)
Prenatal Influences	90	(2)
Deprivation and Enrichment	92	(1)
Critical Thinking The Mozart Effect---Smart Music?	93	(1)
Nature-Nurture Interactions	93	(1)
Module 3.1: Summary	93	(1)
Knowledge Builder	94	(1)
Module 3.2: The Neonate and Early Maturation	95	(1)
The Newborn Baby---The Basic Model Comes with Options	95	(4)
The World of the Neonate	95	(2)
Maturation	97	(1)
Motor Development	98	(1)
Emotional Development	98	(1)
Module 3.2: Summary	99	(1)
Knowledge Builder	100	(1)
Module 3.3: Social Development	101	(1)
Social Development---Baby, I'm Stuck on You	101	(2)
Attachment	101	(1)
Day Care	102	(1)
Discovering Psychology What's Your Attachment Style?	103	(1)
Play and Social Skills	103	(1)
Affectional Needs	103	(1)
Module 3.3: Summary	104	(1)
Knowledge Builder	104	(1)
Module 3.4: Parental Influences	105	(1)
Maternal and Paternal Influences---Life with Mom and Dad	105	(4)
Optimal Caregiving	105	(1)
Parenting Styles	106	(1)
Ethnic Differences: Four Flavors of Parenting	107	(1)
Side Effects of Child Discipline	108	(1)
Positive Psychology: Resilience in Childhood	108	(1)
Using Psychology To Spank or Not to Spank?	109	(1)
Module 3.4: Summary	109	(1)
Knowledge Builder	110	(1)
Module 3.5: Language Development	111	(1)
Language Development---Fast-Talking Babies	111	(3)
Language and the ``Terrible Twos''	111	(1)
The Roots of Language	111	(3)
Module 3.5: Summary	114	(1)
Knowledge Builder	114	(1)
Module 3.6: Cognitive Development	115	(1)
Cognitive Development---How Do Children Learn to Think?	115	(5)
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development	115	(2)
Piaget and Parenting	117	(1)
Piaget Today	117	(2)
Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory	119	(1)
Module 3.6: Summary	120	(1)
Knowledge Builder	121	(1)
Module 3.7: Psychology in Action: Effective Parenting---Raising Healthy Children	122	(1)
Parenting with Consistency	122	(1)
Using Constructive Discipline	122	(1)
Maintaining a Positive Relationship	123	(1)
Communicating Effectively with Children	124	(1)
Accepting Feelings	124	(1)
Encouragement	124	(1)
I-Messages	124	(1)
Using Natural and Logical Consequences	124	(1)
Module 3.7: Summary	125	(1)
Knowledge Builder	126	(1)
Interactive Learning www	127	(1)
From Birth to Death: Life-Span Development	128	(38)
Module 4.1: The Life Cycle	130	(1)
The Cycle of Life---Rocky Road or Garden Path?	130	(2)
Module 4.1: Summary	132	(1)
Knowledge Builder	133	(1)
Module 4.2: Problems of Childhood	134	(1)
Problems of Childhood---Why Parents Get Gray Hair	134	(3)
Normal Childhood Problems	134	(1)
Serious Childhood Problems	135	(1)
Feeding Disturbances	135	(1)
Toilet-Training Disturbances	135	(1)
Speech Disturbances	135	(1)
Learning Disorders	136	(1)
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder	136	(1)
Autism	136	(1)
Child Abuse---Cycles of Violence	137	(2)
Characteristics of Abusive Parents	137	(1)
The Abuse Cycle	137	(1)
Preventing Child Abuse	138	(1)
Module 4.2: Summary	139	(1)
Knowledge Builder	139	(1)
Module 4.3: Adolescence and Moral Development	140	(1)
Adolescence---The Best of Times, the Worst of Times	140	(2)
Puberty	140	(1)
Early and Late Maturation	140	(2)
The Search for Identity	142	(1)
Human Diversity Ethnic Diversity and Identity	142	(1)
The Transition to Adulthood	143	(1)
Moral Development---Growing a Conscience	143	(2)
Moral Dilemmas	144	(1)
Justice or Caring?	145	(1)
Module 4.3: Summary	145	(1)
Knowledge Builder	146	(1)
Module 4.4: Adulthood and Aging	147	(1)
Challenges of Adulthood---Charting Life's Ups and Downs	147	(3)
A Midlife Crisis?	148	(1)
Middle Age	149	(1)
Positive Psychology: Well-Being at Midlife	150	(1)
Aging---Will You Still Need Me When I'm 64?	150	(2)
The Course of Aging	151	(1)
Discovering Psychology What's Your Life Expectancy?	152	(3)
Positive Psychology: Successful Aging	153	(1)
Ageism	154	(1)
Countering Myths about Aging	154	(1)
Module 4.4: Summary	155	(1)
Knowledge Builder	156	(1)
Module 4.5: Death and Dying	157	(1)
Death and Dying---The Curtain Falls	157	(1)
Reactions to Impending Death	157	(1)
Using Psychology Living Wills and the Quality of Death	158	(2)
Hospice	159	(1)
Bereavement and Grief	159	(1)
Critical Thinking Near-Death Experiences---Back from the Brink	160	(1)
Module 4.5: Summary	161	(1)
Knowledge Builder	161	(1)
Module 4.6: Psychology in Action: Well-Being and Happiness---What Makes a Good Life?	162	(1)
Happiness	162	(1)
Life Satisfaction	162	(1)
Emotions	162	(1)
Life Events	162	(1)
Personal Factors	163	(1)
Wealth	163	(1)
Education	163	(1)
Marriage	163	(1)
Religion	163	(1)
Age	163	(1)
Sex	163	(1)
Work	163	(1)
Personality	163	(1)
Goals and Happiness	163	(1)
Meaning and Integrity	163	(1)
Conclusion	164	(1)
Module 4.6: Summary	164	(1)
Knowledge Builder	164	(1)
Interactive Learning www	165	(1)
Sensation and Perception	166	(50)
Module 5.1: Sensory Systems and Vision	168	(1)
A World of Sensation---What You See Is What You Get	168	(1)
Sensory Analysis and Coding	168	(1)
Vision---Catching Some Rays	169	(5)
Structure of the Eye	169	(2)
Rods and Cones	171	(1)
How We See Colors	172	(2)
Discovering Psychology Are You Color-Blind?	174	(1)
Adapting to Darkness	175	(1)
Module 5.1: Summary	175	(1)
Knowledge Builder	176	(1)
Module 5.2: Hearing, Smell, and Taste	177	(1)
Hearing---Good Vibrations	177	(2)
How We Hear Sounds	177	(2)
Using Psychology Artificial Hearing	179	(1)
Smell and Taste---The Nose Knows When the Tongue Can't Tell	180	(2)
The Sense of Smell	180	(1)
Taste and Flavors	180	(2)
Module 5.2: Summary	182	(1)
Knowledge Builder	182	(1)
Module 5.3: Somesthetic Senses, Adaptation, Attention, and Gating	183	(1)
The Somesthetic Senses---Flying by the Seat of Your Pants	183	(1)
The Skin Senses	183	(1)
The Vestibular System	184	(1)
Using Psychology How You Can Control Pain	184	(2)
Adaptation, Attention, and Gating---Tuning In and Tuning Out	186	(2)
Sensory Adaptation	186	(1)
Selective Attention	186	(1)
Sensory Gating	187	(1)
Module 5.3: Summary	188	(1)
Knowledge Builder	188	(1)
Module 5.4: Perceptual Constancies and Perceptual Grouping	189	(1)
Perceptual Constancies---Taming an Unruly World	189	(1)
Perceptual Organization---Getting It All Together	190	(3)
Gestalt Principles	191	(2)
Module 5.4: Summary	193	(1)
Knowledge Builder	193	(1)
Module 5.5: Depth Perception	194	(1)
Depth Perception---What If the World Were Flat?	194	(5)
Muscular Cues	194	(1)
Stereoscopic Vision	195	(1)
Pictorial Cues for Depth	196	(3)
Module 5.5: Summary	199	(1)
Knowledge Builder	199	(1)
Module 5.6: Perception and Objectivity	200	(1)
Perception and Objectivity---Believing Is Seeing	200	(2)
Perceptual Learning	200	(2)
Critical Thinking Hallucinations: Sane or Insane?	202	(4)
Attention and Perception	203	(1)
Perceptual Expectancies	204	(2)
Module 5.6: Summary	206	(1)
Knowledge Builder	206	(1)
Module 5.7: Extrasensory Perception	207	(1)
Extrasensory Perception---Do You Believe in Magic?	207	(3)
An Appraisal of ESP	207	(2)
Stage ESP	209	(1)
Module 5.7: Summary	210	(1)
Knowledge Builder	210	(1)
Module 5.8: Psychology in Action: Becoming a Better Eyewitness to Life	211	(1)
Implications	211	(1)
Positive Psychology: Perceptual Awareness	212	(1)
The Value of Paying Attention	213	(1)
How to Become a Better ``Eyewitness'' to Life	213	(1)
Module 5.8: Summary	214	(1)
Knowledge Builder	214	(1)
Interactive Learning www	215	(1)
States of Consciousness	216	(42)
Module 6.1: Altered States and Sleep	218	(1)
States of Consciousness---The Many Faces of Awareness	218	(1)
Altered States of Consciousness	218	(1)
Human Diversity Consciousness and Culture	218	(1)
Sleep---A Nice Place to Visit	219	(3)
The Need for Sleep	219	(1)
Biological Rhythms	220	(1)
Sleep Needs and Patterns	221	(1)
Stages of Sleep---The Nightly Roller-Coaster Ride	222	(3)
Stages of Sleep	223	(1)
Two Basic Kinds of Sleep	224	(1)
Module 6.1: Summary	225	(1)
Knowledge Builder	225	(1)
Module 6.2: Sleep Disturbances and Dreaming	226	(1)
Sleep Disturbances---Showing Nightly: Sleep Wars!	226	(1)
Insomnia	226	(1)
Using Psychology Behavioral Remedies for Insomnia	227	(2)
Sleepwalking and Sleeptalking	227	(1)
Nightmares and Night Terrors	228	(1)
Sleep Apnea	228	(1)
Dreams---A Separate Reality?	229	(1)
REM Sleep Revisited	229	(1)
Dream Worlds	229	(1)
Dream Theories	229	(1)
Module 6.2: Summary	230	(1)
Knowledge Builder	231	(1)
Module 6.3: Hypnosis, Meditation, and Sensory Deprivation	232	(1)
Hypnosis---Look into My Eyes	232	(1)
Hypnotic Susceptibility	232	(1)
Discovering Psychology Swinging Suggestions	233	(2)
Inducing Hypnosis	233	(1)
Effects of Hypnosis	234	(1)
Stage Hypnosis	234	(1)
Meditation---The 20-Minute Vacation	235	(1)
Performing Concentrative Meditation	235	(1)
The Relaxation Response	235	(1)
Positive Psychology: Mindfulness and Well-Being	236	(1)
Using Psychology Sensory Deprivation---Getting a Little REST	236	(1)
Module 6.3: Summary	237	(1)
Knowledge Builder	237	(1)
Module 6.4: Psychoactive Drugs	238	(1)
Drug-Altered Consciousness---The High and Low of It	238	(1)
How Drugs Affect the Brain	238	(1)
Dependence	238	(1)
Uppers---Amphetamines, Cocaine, MDMA, Caffeine, Nicotine	239	(6)
Cocaine	239	(3)
MDMA (``Ecstasy'')	242	(1)
Caffeine	242	(1)
Nicotine	243	(2)
Using Psychology New Strategies to Stop Smoking	245	(1)
Downers---Sedatives, Tranquilizers, and Alcohol	245	(4)
Barbiturates	245	(1)
GHB	245	(1)
Tranquilizers	246	(1)
Alcohol	246	(3)
Marijuana and Hallucinogens---What's in the Pot?	249	(2)
LSD and PCP	249	(1)
Marijuana	249	(2)
Drug Use in Perspective	251	(1)
A Look Ahead	251	(1)
Module 6.4: Summary	251	(1)
Knowledge Builder	252	(1)
Module 6.5: Psychology in Action: Exploring and Using Dreams	253	(1)
Dream Work	254	(1)
Using Your Dreams	254	(2)
Dreams and Creativity	255	(1)
Lucid Dreaming	255	(1)
Module 6.5: Summary	256	(1)
Knowledge Builder	256	(1)
Interactive Learning www	257	(1)
Conditioning and Learning	258	(38)
Module 7.1: Learning and Classical Conditioning	260	(1)
What Is Learning---Does Practice Make Perfect?	260	(1)
Classical Conditioning	260	(1)
Operant Conditioning	260	(1)
Classical Conditioning---Does the Name Pavlov Ring a Bell?	261	(1)
Pavlov's Experiment	261	(1)
Principles of Classical Conditioning---Teach Your Little Brother to Salivate	262	(2)
Acquisition	262	(1)
Expectancies	263	(1)
Extinction and Spontaneous Recovery	263	(1)
Generalization	263	(1)
Discrimination	264	(1)
Classical Conditioning in Humans---An Emotional Topic	264	(1)
Conditioned Emotional Responses	264	(1)
Using Psychology Blink If Your Brain Is Healthy	265	(1)
Vicarious, or Secondhand, Conditioning	265	(1)
Module 7.1: Summary	266	(1)
Knowledge Builder	267	(1)
Module 7.2: Operant Conditioning	268	(1)
Operant Conditioning---Can Pigeons Play Ping-Pong?	268	(4)
Positive Reinforcement	268	(1)
Acquiring an Operant Response	269	(1)
The Timing of Reinforcement	270	(1)
Shaping	270	(1)
Operant Extinction	271	(1)
Negative Reinforcement	271	(1)
Punishment	272	(1)
Operant Reinforcers---What's Your Pleasure?	272	(3)
Primary Reinforcers	272	(1)
Secondary Reinforcers	273	(1)
Feedback	274	(1)
Using Psychology Conditioning and Conservation	275	(1)
Learning Aids	275	(1)
Module 7.2: Summary	276	(1)
Knowledge Builder	277	(1)
Module 7.3: Partial Reinforcement and Stimulus Control	278	(1)
Partial Reinforcement---Las Vegas, a Human Skinner Box?	278	(2)
Schedules of Partial Reinforcement	278	(2)
Stimulus Control---Red Light, Green Light	280	(1)
Module 7.3: Summary	281	(1)
Knowledge Builder	282	(1)
Module 7.4: Punishment	283	(1)
Punishment---Putting the Brakes on Behavior	283	(2)
Variables Affecting Punishment	283	(1)
Using Punishment Wisely	284	(1)
Side Effects of Punishment	284	(1)
Using Psychology If You Must Punish, Here's How	285	(1)
Module 7.4: Summary	286	(1)
Knowledge Builder	286	(1)
Module 7.5: Cognitive Learning and Imitation	287	(1)
Cognitive Learning---Beyond Conditioning	287	(1)
Cognitive Maps	287	(1)
Latent Learning	287	(1)
Modeling---Do as I Do, Not as I Say	288	(3)
Observational Learning	289	(1)
Modeling and Television	290	(1)
Critical Thinking Violent Video Games---Toxic Kombat?	291	(1)
Module 7.5: Summary	292	(1)
Knowledge Builder	292	(1)
Module 7.6: Psychology in Action: Behavioral Self-Management---A Rewarding Project	293	(1)
Self-Managed Behavior	293	(1)
Self-Recording	293	(1)
Good Ways to Break Bad Habits	294	(1)
Alternate Responses	294	(1)
Extinction	294	(1)
Response Chains	294	(1)
Cues and Antecedents	294	(1)
Contracting	294	(1)
Getting Help	294	(1)
Where to Obtain More Information	294	(1)
Module 7.6: Summary	295	(1)
Knowledge Builder	295	(1)
Interactive Learning www	295	(1)
Memory	296	(34)
Module 8.1: Memory Systems	298	(1)
Stages of Memory---Do You Have a Mind Like a Steel Trap? Or a Sieve?	298	(2)
Sensory Memory	298	(1)
Short-Term Memory	298	(1)
Long-Term Memory	299	(1)
Human Diversity Cows, Memories, and Culture	300	(1)
Module 8.1: Summary	300	(1)
Knowledge Builder	300	(1)
Module 8.2: STM and LTM	301	(1)
Short-Term Memory---Do You Know the Magic Number?	301	(1)
Recoding Information	301	(1)
Rehearsing Information	301	(1)
Long-Term Memory---Where the Past Lives	302	(2)
Constructing Memories	302	(1)
Organizing Memories	303	(1)
Critical Thinking Hypnosis, Imagination, and Memory	304	(2)
Skill Memory and Fact Memory	305	(1)
Module 8.2: Summary	306	(1)
Knowledge Builder	306	(1)
Module 8.3: Measuring Memory and Exceptional Memory	307	(1)
Measuring Memory---The Answer Is on the Tip of My Tongue	307	(2)
Recalling Information	307	(1)
Recognizing Information	308	(1)
Relearning Information	308	(1)
Implicit and Explicit Memories	308	(1)
Exceptional Memory---Wizards of Recall	309	(3)
Eidetic Imagery	310	(1)
Exceptional Memory	310	(1)
Memory Champions	310	(2)
Module 8.3: Summary	312	(1)
Knowledge Builder	312	(1)
Module 8.4: Forgetting	313	(1)
Forgetting---Why We, Uh, Let's See; Why We, Uh . . . Forget!	313	(1)
When Encoding Fails	313	(1)
Discovering Psychology Card Magic!	314	(4)
Memory Decay	315	(1)
Cue-Dependent Forgetting	315	(1)
Interference	316	(1)
Repression and Suppression of Memories	317	(1)
Critical Thinking The Recovered Memory/False Memory Debate	318	(1)
Flashbulb Memories	319	(1)
Memory Formation---Growing Memories	319	(2)
Consolidating Memories	319	(1)
The Brain and Memory	320	(1)
Module 8.4: Summary	321	(1)
Knowledge Builder	321	(1)
Module 8.5: Improving Memory	322	(1)
Improving Memory---Keys to the Memory Bank	322	(1)
Memory Strategies	322	(2)
Using Psychology Memory Detectives	324	(1)
Module 8.5: Summary	325	(1)
Knowledge Builder	325	(1)
Module 8.6: Psychology in Action: Mnemonics---Memory Magic	326	(2)
Example 1	327	(1)
Example 2	327	(1)
Example 3	327	(1)
Example 4	327	(1)
Module 8.6: Summary	328	(1)
Knowledge Builder	328	(1)
Interactive Learning www	329	(1)
Cognition, Intelligence, and Creativity	330	(42)
Module 9.1: Imagery, Concepts, and Language	332	(1)
What Is Thinking?---It's All in Your Head!	332	(1)
Some Basic Units of Thought	332	(1)
Mental Imagery---Does a Frog Have Lips?	332	(2)
The Nature of Mental Images	332	(2)
Concepts---I'm Positive, It's a Whatchamacallit	334	(2)
Forming Concepts	334	(1)
Types of Concepts	335	(1)
Language---Don't Leave Home without It	336	(1)
Discovering Psychology Colorful Thoughts	337	(3)
The Structure of Language	337	(2)
The Animal Language Debate	339	(1)
Module 9.1: Summary	340	(1)
Knowledge Builder	341	(1)
Module 9.2: Problem Solving and Artificial Intelligence	342	(1)
Problem Solving---Getting an Answer in Sight	342	(3)
Mechanical Solutions	342	(1)
Solutions by Understanding	342	(1)
Heuristics	342	(1)
Insightful Solutions	343	(2)
Human Diversity How to Weigh an Elephant	345	(1)
Common Barriers to Problem Solving	345	(1)
Artificial Intelligence---I Compute, therefore I Am	346	(1)
AI and Cognition	346	(1)
Module 9.2: Summary	347	(1)
Knowledge Builder	348	(1)
Module 9.3: Intelligence	349	(1)
Human Intelligence---The IQ and You	349	(6)
Defining Intelligence	349	(1)
Intelligence Tests	349	(1)
Intelligence Quotients	350	(2)
The Wechsler Tests	352	(1)
Culture-Fair Tests	352	(1)
Group Tests	353	(1)
Variations in Intelligence	353	(1)
The Mentally Gifted	354	(1)
Using Psychology Frames of Mind---Eight Intelligences?	355	(2)
Mental Retardation	355	(1)
Heredity, Environment, and Intelligence	356	(1)
Human Diversity The Bell Curve: Race, Culture, and IQ	357	(1)
Module 9.3: Summary	358	(1)
Knowledge Builder	359	(1)
Module 9.4: Creative Thinking and Intuition	360	(1)
Creative Thinking---Down Roads Less Traveled	360	(3)
Tests of Creativity	360	(2)
Stages of Creative Thought	362	(1)
Positive Psychology: The Creative Personality	362	(1)
Critical Thinking Madness and Creativity	363	(1)
Intuitive Thought---Mental Shortcut? Or Dangerous Detour?	363	(2)
Intuition	364	(1)
Framing	365	(1)
Wisdom	365	(1)
Module 9.4: Summary	365	(1)
Knowledge Builder	366	(1)
Module 9.5: Psychology in Action: Enhancing Creativity---Brainstorms	367	(2)
Brainstorming	369	(1)
Living More Creatively	370	(1)
Module 9.5: Summary	370	(1)
Knowledge Builder	370	(1)
Interactive Learning www	371	(1)
Motivation and Emotion	372	(38)
Module 10.1: Overview of Motivation	374	(1)
Motivation---Forces that Push and Pull	374	(1)
A Model of Motivation	374	(1)
Primary Motives and Homeostasis	375	(1)
Module 10.1: Summary
Knowledge Builder	376	(1)
Module 10.2: Hunger, Thirst, Pain, and Sex	377	(1)
Hunger---Pardon Me, My Hypothalamus Is Growling	377	(2)
Brain Mechanisms	377	(2)
Discovering Psychology What's Your BMI? (We've Got Your Number.)	379	(3)
Obesity	379	(2)
Other Factors in Hunger	381	(1)
Eating Disorders	381	(1)
Using Psychology Behavioral Dieting	382	(2)
Primary Motives Revisited---Thirst, Sex, and Pain	384	(1)
Thirst	384	(1)
Pain	384	(1)
The Sex Drive	385	(1)
Module 10.2: Summary	385	(1)
Knowledge Builder	386	(1)
Module 10.3: Arousal, Achievement, and Growth Needs	387	(1)
Stimulus Drives---Skydiving, Horror Movies, and the Fun Zone	387	(2)
Arousal Theory	387	(1)
Levels of Arousal	388	(1)
Using Psychology Coping with Test Anxiety	389	(1)
Learned Motives---In Pursuit of Excellence	389	(1)
The Need for Achievement	389	(1)
Critical Thinking Mail-Order Motivation?	390	(1)
The Key to Success	391	(1)
Motives in Perspective---A View from the Pyramid	391	(2)
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation	392	(1)
Turning Play into Work	393	(1)
Module 10.3: Summary	393	(1)
Knowledge Builder	394	(1)
Module 10.4: Emotion and Physiological Arousal	395	(1)
Inside an Emotion---How Do You Feel?	395	(1)
Primary Emotions	395	(1)
The Brain and Emotion	396	(1)
Physiology and Emotion---Arousal, Sudden Death, and Lying	396	(3)
Fight or Flight	396	(2)
Lie Detectors	398	(1)
Module 10.4: Summary	399	(1)
Knowledge Builder	399	(1)
Module 10.5: Emotional Expression and Theories of Emotion	400	(1)
Expressing Emotions---Making Faces and Talking Bodies	400	(1)
Facial Expressions	400	(1)
Human Diversity Cultural Differences in Emotion	401	(1)
Body Language	401	(1)
Theories of Emotion---Several Ways to Fear a Bear	402	(3)
The James-Lange Theory (1884--1885)	402	(1)
The Cannon-Bard Theory (1927)	402	(1)
Schachter's Cognitive Theory of Emotion (1971)	402	(2)
The Facial Feedback Hypothesis	404	(1)
A Contemporary Model of Emotion	404	(1)
Module 10.5: Summary	405	(1)
Knowledge Builder	406	(1)
Module 10.6: Psychology in Action: Emotional Intelligence---The Fine Art of Self-Control	407	(1)
Self-Awareness	407	(1)
Empathy	407	(1)
Managing Emotions	407	(1)
Understanding Emotions	407	(1)
Using Emotion	407	(1)
Emotional Flexibility	407	(1)
Positive Psychology and Positive Emotions	408	(1)
Authentic Happiness	408	(1)
Becoming Emotionally Smart	408	(1)
Module 10.6: Summary	408	(1)
Knowledge Builder	409	(1)
Interactive Learning www	409	(1)
Personality	410	(40)
Module 11.1: Overview of Personality, Trait Theories	412	(1)
The Psychology of Personality---Do You Have Personality?	412	(3)
Traits	412	(1)
Types	413	(1)
Self-Concept	414	(1)
Personality Theories	414	(1)
Human Diversity Self-Esteem and Culture---Hotshot or Team Player?	415	(1)
The Trait Approach---Describe Yourself in 18,000 Words or Less'	415	(1)
Predicting Behavior	415	(1)
Discovering Psychology What's Your Musical Personality?	415	(5)
Describing People	416	(1)
Classifying Traits	416	(2)
The Big Five	418	(1)
Traits, Consistency, and Situations	419	(1)
Do We Inherit Personality?	419	(1)
Critical Thinking The Minnesota Twins	420	(1)
Module 11.1: Summary	420	(1)
Knowledge Builder	421	(1)
Module 11.2: Psychoanalytic Theory	422	(1)
Psychoanalytic Theory---Id Came to Me in a Dream	422	(3)
The Structure of Personality	422	(1)
The Dynamics of Personality	423	(1)
Personality Development	424	(1)
Module 11.2: Summary	425	(1)
Knowledge Builder	426	(1)
Module 11.3: Behavioral and Social Learning Theories	427	(1)
Learning Theories of Personality---Habit I Seen You Before?	427	(4)
How Situations Affect Behavior	427	(1)
Personality = Behavior	428	(1)
Social Learning Theory	428	(1)
Behavioristic View of Development	429	(2)
Module 11.3: Summary	431	(1)
Knowledge Builder	431	(1)
Module 11.4: Humanistic Theories	432	(1)
Humanistic Theory---Peak Experiences and Personal Growth	432	(1)
Maslow and Self-Actualization	432	(1)
Using Psychology Steps toward Self-Actualization	433	(2)
Positive Psychology: Positive Personality Traits	434	(1)
Carl Rogers' Self Theory	434	(1)
Using Psychology Possible Selves---Trying on a Self for Size	435	(1)
Humanistic View of Development	435	(1)
Personality Theories---Overview and Comparison	436	(1)
Module 11.4: Summary	436	(1)
Knowledge Builder	437	(1)
Module 11.5: Personality Assessment	438	(1)
Personality Assessment---Psychological Yardsticks	438	(3)
The Interview	438	(1)
Direct Observation and Rating Scales	438	(2)
Personality Questionnaires	440	(1)
Projective Tests of Personality---Inkblots and Hidden Plots	441	(1)
Critical Thinking Honesty Tests---Do They Tell the Truth?	442	(2)
The Rorschach Inkblot Test	442	(1)
The Thematic Apperception Test	443	(1)
Sudden Murderers---A Research Example	444	(1)
Module 11.5: Summary	444	(1)
Knowledge Builder	445	(1)
Module 11.6: Psychology in Action: Barriers and Bridges---Understanding Shyness	446	(1)
Elements of Shyness	446	(1)
Situational Causes of Shyness	446	(1)
Dynamics of the Shy Personality	446	(1)
Shy Beliefs	447	(1)
Social Skills	447	(1)
Conversation	447	(1)
Module 11.6: Summary	448	(1)
Knowledge Builder	448	(1)
Interactive Learning www	449	(1)
Health, Stress, and Coping	450	(36)
Module 12.1: Health Psychology	452	(1)
Health Psychology---Here's to Your Good Health	452	(3)
Behavioral Risk Factors	452	(1)
Health-Promoting Behaviors	453	(1)
Early Prevention	454	(1)
Community Health	454	(1)
Positive Psychology: Wellness	455	(1)
Module 12.1: Summary	455	(1)
Knowledge Builder	455	(1)
Module 12.2: Stress, Frustration, and Conflict	456	(1)
Stress---Thrill or Threat?	456	(3)
When Is Stress a Strain?	456	(1)
Appraising Stressors	457	(1)
Coping with Threat	458	(1)
Frustration---Blind Alleys and Lead Balloons	459	(1)
Using Psychology Coping with Traumatic Stress	460	(2)
Reactions to Frustration	460	(2)
Coping with Frustration	462	(1)
Conflict---Yes, No, Yes, No, Yes, No, Well, Maybe	462	(2)
Managing Conflicts	464	(1)
Module 12.2: Summary	464	(1)
Knowledge Builder	465	(1)
Module 12.3: Defenses, Helplessness, and Depression	466	(1)
Psychological Defense---Mental Karate?	466	(2)
Learned Helplessness---Is There Hope?	468	(2)
Depression	469	(1)
A Problem for Everyone	470	(1)
Using Psychology Coping with Depression	470	(1)
Module 12.3: Summary	471	(1)
Knowledge Builder	471	(1)
Module 12.4: Stress and Health	472	(1)
Stress and Health---Unmasking a Hidden Killer	472	(5)
Life Events and Stress	472	(2)
Psychosomatic Disorders	474	(1)
Biofeedback	474	(1)
The Cardiac Personality	475	(1)
Hardy Personality	476	(1)
Using Psychology Strategies for Reducing Hostility	477	(1)
Positive Psychology: Hardiness, Optimism, and Happiness	477	(1)
The Value of Social Support	477	(1)
The General Adaptation Syndrome	478	(1)
Discovering Psychology Feeling Stressed? You've Got a Friend	478	(2)
Stress, Illness, and the Immune System	479	(1)
Module 12.4: Summary	480	(1)
Knowledge Builder	480	(1)
Module 12.5: Psychology in Action: Stress Management	481	(1)
Managing Bodily Reactions	481	(1)
Exercise	481	(1)
Meditation	481	(1)
Progressive Relaxation	481	(1)
Guided Imagery	481	(1)
Modifying Ineffective Behavior	482	(2)
Slow Down	482	(1)
Organize	483	(1)
Strike a Balance	483	(1)
Recognize and Accept Your Limits	483	(1)
Write about Your Feelings	483	(1)
Avoiding Upsetting Thoughts	484	(1)
Coping Statements	484	(1)
Lighten Up	484	(1)
Module 12.5: Summary	484	(1)
Knowledge Builder	485	(1)
Interactive Learning www	485	(1)
Psychological Disorders	486	(40)
Module 13.1: Normality and Psychopathology	488	(1)
Normality---What Is Normal?	488	(1)
Discovering Psychology Crazy for a Day	489	(1)
Core Features of Disordered Behavior	489	(1)
Human Diversity The Politics of Madness	490	(1)
Classifying Mental Disorders---Problems by the Book	490	(4)
An Overview of Psychological Disorders	491	(3)
Human Diversity Running Amok with Cultural Maladies	494	(1)
Insanity	494	(1)
Module 13.1: Summary	495	(1)
Knowledge Builder	495	(1)
Module 13.2: Personality Disorders and Anxiety-Based Disorders	496	(1)
Personality Disorders---Blueprints for Maladjustment	496	(2)
Maladaptive Personality Patterns	496	(1)
Antisocial Personality	497	(1)
Anxiety-Based Disorders---When Anxiety Rules	498	(4)
Adjustment Disorders	498	(1)
Anxiety Disorders	498	(3)
Stress Disorders	501	(1)
Dissociative Disorders	501	(1)
Somatoform Disorders	502	(1)
Anxiety and Disorder---Four Pathways to Trouble	502	(2)
Psychodynamic Approach	502	(1)
Humanistic-Existential Approaches	503	(1)
Behavioral Approach	504	(1)
Cognitive Approach	504	(1)
Module 13.2: Summary	504	(1)
Knowledge Builder	505	(1)
Module 13.3: Psychosis, Delusional Disorders, and Schizophrenia	506	(1)
Psychotic Disorders---Life in the Shadow of Madness	506	(2)
The Nature of Psychosis	506	(2)
Delusional Disorders---An Enemy behind Every Tree	508	(1)
Paranoid Psychosis	508	(1)
Schizophrenia---Shattered Reality	509	(2)
Disorganized Schizophrenia	509	(1)
Catatonic Schizophrenia	510	(1)
Paranoid Schizophrenia	510	(1)
Critical Thinking Are the Mentally Ill Prone to Violence?	511	(3)
Undifferentiated Schizophrenia	511	(1)
The Causes of Schizophrenia	511	(2)
The Schizophrenic Brain	513	(1)
Implications	514	(1)
Module 13.3: Summary	514	(1)
Knowledge Builder	515	(1)
Module 13.4: Mood Disorders	516	(1)
Mood Disorders---Peaks and Valleys	516	(2)
Major Mood Disorders	516	(1)
What Causes Mood Disorders?	517	(1)
Using Psychology Understanding Postpartum Depression	518	(1)
Disorders in Perspective---Psychiatric Labeling	519	(1)
Social Stigma	519	(1)
Module 13.4: Summary	520	(1)
Knowledge Builder	520	(1)
Module 13.5: Psychology in Action: Suicide---Lives on the Brink	521	(1)
Season	521	(1)
Sex	521	(1)
Age	521	(1)
Income	521	(1)
Marital Status	521	(1)
Immediate Causes of Suicide	522	(1)
Preventing Suicide	522	(1)
How You Can Help	523	(1)
Crisis Intervention	523	(1)
Module 13.5: Summary	523	(1)
Knowledge Builder	524	(1)
Interactive Learning www	524	(2)
Therapies	526	(38)
Module 14.1: Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis	528	(1)
Psychotherapy---Getting Better by the Hour	528	(1)
Dimensions of Therapy	528	(1)
Origins of Therapy---Bored Skulls and Hysteria on the Couch	529	(1)
Psychoanalysis---Expedition into the Unconscious	530	(1)
Psychoanalysis Today	531	(1)
Module 14.1: Summary	531	(1)
Knowledge Builder	532	(1)
Module 14.2: Insight Therapies	533	(1)
Humanistic Therapies---Restoring Human Potential	533	(1)
Client-Centered Therapy	533	(1)
Existential Therapy	533	(1)
Gestalt Therapy	534	(1)
Psychotherapy at a Distance---Psych Jockeys and Cybertherapy	534	(2)
Media Psychologists	534	(1)
Telephone Therapists	535	(1)
Cybertherapy	535	(1)
Telehealth	536	(1)
Module 14.2: Summary	536	(1)
Knowledge Builder	536	(1)
Module 14.3: Behavior Therapy	537	(1)
Behavior Therapy---Healing by Learning	537	(1)
Aversion Therapy	537	(1)
Using Psychology Puffing Up an Aversion	538	(2)
Desensitization	538	(2)
Discovering Psychology Feeling a Little Tense? Relax!	540	(1)
Module 14.3: Summary	541	(1)
Knowledge Builder	542	(1)
Module 14.4: Operant Therapies and Cognitive Therapies	543	(1)
Operant Therapies---All the World Is a Skinner Box?	543	(2)
Non-reinforcement and Extinction	543	(1)
Reinforcement and Token Economies	544	(1)
Cognitive Therapy---Think Positive!	545	(1)
Cognitive Therapy for Depression	545	(1)
Using Psychology Ten Irrational Beliefs---Which Do You Hold?	546	(1)
Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy	546	(1)
Module 14.4: Summary	547	(1)
Knowledge Builder	547	(1)
Module 14.5: Group Therapy, Helping Skills, and Medical Therapies	548	(1)
Group Therapy---People Who Need People	548	(1)
Psychodrama	548	(1)
Family Therapy	548	(1)
Group Awareness Training	549	(1)
Psychotherapy---An Overview	549	(3)
Core Features of Psychotherapy	550	(1)
The Future of Psychotherapy	551	(1)
Basic Counseling Skills	551	(1)
Human Diversity Cultural Issues in Counseling and Psychotherapy	552	(1)
Medical Therapies---Psychiatric Care	553	(3)
Drug Therapies	553	(1)
Electroshock	554	(1)
Psychosurgery	555	(1)
Hospitalization	555	(1)
Community Mental Health Programs	556	(1)
Module 14.5: Summary	556	(1)
Knowledge Builder	557	(1)
Module 14.6: Psychology in Action: Self-Management and Seeking Professional Help	558	(1)
Covert Reward and Punishment---Boosting Your ``Willpower''	558	(1)
Covert Sensitization	558	(1)
Thought Stopping	559	(1)
Covert Reinforcement	559	(1)
Self-Directed Desensitization---Overcoming Common Fears	559	(1)
Procedure for Constructing a Hierarchy	560	(1)
Using the Hierarchy	560	(1)
Seeking Professional Help---When, Where, and How?	560	(1)
Locating a Therapist	560	(2)
Options	561	(1)
Qualifications	561	(1)
Evaluating a Therapist	562	(1)
Module 14.6: Summary	562	(1)
Knowledge Builder	563	(1)
Interactive Learning www	563	(1)
Gender and Sexuality	564	(36)
Module 15.1: Sex, Gender, and Androgyny	566	(1)
Sexual Development---Circle One: XX or XY?	566	(3)
Female or Male?	566	(1)
Prenatal Sexual Development	567	(1)
Gender Identity	568	(1)
Critical Thinking Robert or Roberta---Can Sex Be Assigned?	569	(2)
Origins of Male-Female Differences	569	(1)
Gender Roles	570	(1)
Gender Role Socialization	570	(1)
Discovering Psychology Man's Work	571	(1)
Androgyny---Are You Masculine, Feminine, or Androgynous?	572	(1)
Psychological Androgyny	572	(1)
Module 15.1: Summary	573	(1)
Knowledge Builder	574	(1)
Module 15.2: Sexual Behavior and Sexual Orientation	575	(1)
Sexual Behavior---Mapping the Erogenous Zone	575	(1)
Sexual Arousal	575	(1)
Critical Thinking ``What Do Women Want?''	576	(2)
Sexual Orientation---Who Do You Love?	578	(1)
Homosexuality	578	(1)
Human Diversity Genes, the Brain, and Sexual Orientation	579	(1)
Module 15.2: Summary	579	(1)
Knowledge Builder	580	(1)
Module 15.3: Sexual Response, Attitudes, and Behavior	581	(1)
Human Sexual Response---Sexual Interactions	581	(2)
Comparing Male and Female Responses	582	(1)
Atypical Sexual Behavior---Trench Coats, Whips, Leathers, and Lace	583	(1)
Paraphilias	583	(1)
Attitudes and Sexual Behavior---The Changing Sexual Landscape	584	(2)
Is the Revolution Over?	585	(1)
The Crime of Rape	586	(1)
Critical Thinking Gender Role Stereotyping and Rape	586	(1)
STDs and Safer Sex---Choice, Risk, and Responsibility	587	(3)
HIV/AIDS	587	(2)
Behavioral Risk Factors	589	(1)
Risk and Responsibility	590	(1)
Module 15.3: Summary	590	(1)
Knowledge Builder	591	(1)
Module 15.4: Psychology in Action: Sexual Problems---When Pleasure Fades	592	(1)
Desire Disorders	592	(1)
Treatment	592	(1)
Arousal Disorders	592	(2)
Male Erectile Disorder	592	(1)
Treatment	593	(1)
Female Sexual Arousal Disorder	593	(1)
Treatment	594	(1)
Orgasm Disorders	594	(1)
Female Orgasmic Disorder	594	(1)
Treatment	594	(1)
Male Orgasmic Disorder	594	(1)
Treatment	594	(1)
Premature Ejaculation	594	(1)
Treatment	595	(1)
Sexual Pain Disorders	595	(1)
Treatment	595	(1)
Summary	595	(1)
Relationships and Sexual Adjustment	595	(1)
Disagreements about Sex	596	(1)
Bridges to Sexual Satisfaction	596	(1)
Intimacy and Communication	596	(1)
Avoid ``Gunnysacking''	596	(1)
Be Open about Feelings	596	(1)
Don't Attack the Other Person's Character	596	(1)
Don't Try to ``Win'' a Fight	597	(1)
Recognize that Anger Is Appropriate	597	(1)
Try to See Things through Your Partner's Eyes	597	(1)
Don't Be a ``Mind-Reader''	597	(1)
Module 15.4: Summary	597	(1)
Knowledge Builder	598	(1)
Interactive Learning www	599	(1)
Social Behavior	600	(44)
Module 16.1: Affiliation, Friendship, and Love	602	(1)
Affiliation and Attraction---Come Together	602	(3)
Social Comparison Theory	602	(1)
Interpersonal Attraction	603	(1)
Self-Disclosure	604	(1)
Loving and Liking---Dating, Rating, Mating	605	(1)
Sex, Evolution, and Mate Selection	605	(1)
Module 16.1: Summary	606	(1)
Knowledge Builder	607	(1)
Module 16.2: Groups, Social Influence, and Conformity	608	(1)
Life in Groups---People, People, Everywhere	608	(2)
Group Structure, Cohesion, and Norms	608	(1)
Making Attributions	609	(1)
Social Influence---Follow the Leader	610	(1)
Conformity	610	(1)
Using Psychology Groupthink---Agreement at Any Cost	611	(1)
Module 16.2: Summary	612	(1)
Knowledge Builder	612	(1)
Module 16.3: Obedience and Compliance	613	(1)
Obedience---Would You Electrocute a Stranger?	613	(2)
Milgram's Obedience Studies	613	(2)
Discovering Psychology Quack Like a Duck	615	(1)
Compliance---A Foot in the Door	615	(1)
Assertiveness Training---Standing Up for Your Rights	615	(2)
Using Psychology How to Drive a Hard Bargain	617	(1)
Module 16.3: Summary	618	(1)
Knowledge Builder	618	(1)
Module 16.4: Attitudes and Persuasion	619	(1)
Attitudes---Doomsday for the Seekers	619	(2)
Belief + Emotion + Action	619	(1)
Forming Attitudes	619	(1)
Attitudes and Behavior	620	(1)
Attitude Change---Why the ``Seekers'' Went Public	621	(2)
Persuasion	621	(1)
Cognitive Dissonance Theory	622	(1)
Forced Attitude Change---Brainwashing and Cults	623	(2)
Brainwashing	623	(1)
Cults	623	(2)
Module 16.4: Summary	625	(1)
Knowledge Builder	625	(1)
Module 16.5: Prejudice and Intergroup Conflict	626	(1)
Prejudice---Attitudes that Injure	626	(1)
Becoming Prejudiced	626	(1)
The Prejudiced Personality	626	(1)
Intergroup Conflict---The Roots of Prejudice	627	(1)
Critical Thinking Terrorists, Enemies, and Infidels	628	(3)
Experiments in Prejudice	629	(2)
Module 16.5: Summary	631	(1)
Knowledge Builder	631	(1)
Module 16.6: Aggression and Prosocial Behavior	632	(1)
Aggression---The World's Most Dangerous Animal	632	(3)
Instincts	632	(1)
Biology	632	(1)
Frustration	633	(1)
Social Learning	634	(1)
Preventing Aggression	634	(1)
Parents as TV Guides	635	(1)
Prosocial Behavior---Helping Others	635	(1)
Using Psychology School Violence---Warning Signs and Remedies	636	(2)
Bystander Intervention	637	(1)
Who Will Help Whom?	638	(1)
Positive Psychology: Everyday Heroes	638	(1)
Module 16.6: Summary	638	(1)
Knowledge Builder	639	(1)
Module 16.7: Psychology in Action: Multiculturalism---Living with Diversity	640	(1)
Breaking the Prejudice Habit	640	(1)
Beware of Steretyping	640	(1)
Seek Individuating Information	640	(1)
Don't Fall Prey to Just-World Beliefs	640	(1)
Be Aware of Self-Fulfilling Prophecies	640	(1)
Remember, Different Does Not Mean Inferior	641	(1)
Understand that Race Is a Social Construction	641	(1)
Look for Commonalities	641	(1)
Set an Example for Others	641	(1)
Tolerance and Cultural Awareness	641	(1)
Module 16.7: Summary	642	(1)
Knowledge Builder	642	(1)
Interactive Learning www	643	(1)
Applied Psychology	644	(33)
Module 17.1: Industrial-Organizational Psychology	646	(1)
Industrial-Organizational Psychology---Psychology at Work	646	(1)
Personnel Psychology	646	(1)
Job Analysis	646	(1)
Using Psychology The Sweet Smell of Success? Not Always	647	(2)
Selection Procedures	647	(2)
Theories of Management---What Works at Work?	649	(2)
Theory X and Theory Y	649	(1)
Job Satisfaction	650	(1)
Using Psychology Flextime	651	(1)
Job Enrichment	652	(1)
Organizational Culture	652	(1)
Communication at Work---Getting the Message Across	652	(1)
Effective Communication	652	(1)
Using Psychology Desk Rage and Healthy Organizations	653	(2)
Being a Good Listener	654	(1)
Module 17.1: Summary	655	(1)
Knowledge Builder	655	(1)
Module 17.2: Environmental Psychology	656	(1)
Environmental Psychology---Life in the Big City	656	(6)
Personal Space	657	(1)
Spatial Norms	657	(1)
Environmental Influences	658	(1)
Stressful Environments	659	(2)
Toxic Environments	661	(1)
Sustainable Lifestyles	661	(1)
Discovering Psychology Planet in Peril?	662	(2)
Social Traps	662	(2)
Using Psychology Reduce, Reuse, Recycle	664	(2)
Environmental Problem Solving	664	(2)
Conclusion	666	(1)
Module 17.2: Summary	666	(1)
Knowledge Builder	666	(1)
Module 17.3: The Psychology of Law and Sports	667	(1)
Psychology and Law---Judging Juries	667	(1)
Jury Behavior	667	(1)
Jury Selection	667	(1)
Critical thinking Death-Qualified Juries	668	(1)
Sports Psychology---The Athletic Mind	669	(3)
Positive Psychology: Peak Performance	671	(1)
Module 17.3: Summary	672	(1)
Knowledge Builder	672	(1)
Module 17.4: Psychology in Action: Space Psychology---Life on the High Frontier	673	(1)
The Challenge of Living Aloft	673	(1)
Space Habitats	673	(2)
General Environment	673	(1)
Privacy	674	(1)
Sensory Restriction	674	(1)
Cultural Differences	674	(1)
Social Isolation	674	(1)
Conflict Resolution and Mental Health	674	(1)
Life on Spaceship Earth	675	(1)
Module 17.4: Summary	675	(1)
Knowledge Builder	675	(1)
Interactive Learning www	676	(1)
Appendix Behavioral Statistics	677
Module A.1: Descriptive Statistics	678	(1)
Descriptive Statistics---Psychology by the Numbers	678	(3)
Graphical Statistics	678	(1)
Measures of Central Tendency	678	(1)
Measures of Variability	679	(2)
Standard Scores	681	(1)
The Normal Curve	681	(3)
Module A. 1: Summary	682	(1)
Knowledge Builder	683	(1)
Module A.2: Inferential Statistics	684	(1)
Inferential Statistics---Significant Numbers	684	(1)
Samples and Populations	684	(1)
Significant Differences	684	(1)
Correlation---Rating Relationships	684	(3)
Relationships	685	(1)
The Correlation Coefficient	685
Module A.2: Summary	687	(1)
Knowledge Builder	688	(1)
Interactive Learning	688