The Public Policy Of Crime And Criminal Justice

by Marion, Nancy E.; Oliver, Willard M.

• ISBN13: 9780131137691
• ISBN10: 0131137697
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-07-11
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

"The Public Policy of Crime and Criminal Justice" represents a solid understanding of public policy, then describes each of the various actors in the public policy process at the federal, state and local level. It then specifically applies the public policy concepts to crimial justice (police, courts, corrections, and juvenile justice) and presents a "real-world" case study to convey how all of these facets of the public policy process come together to create new crime policy in the United States.Presents the public policy material in a simplified manner - No need to have a grounding in the public policy field./Contains numerous boxes highlighting the material - Enhances the readability, emphasizes points with real work examples.An excellent tool for those looking to get into the crime policy field. The benefit being an understanding of how the public policy process works and who the various stakeholders are in the process of crafting crime policy in the United States.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Acknowledgments	xi
About the Authors	xiii
Part 1 The Criminal Justice Policy Process	1	(94)
Criminal Justice and Public Policy	2	(34)
Introduction	4	(1)
The Politics of Crime in America	5	(2)
Crime Perceptions	7	(3)
Crime Reality	10	(7)
Politicalization of Crime	17	(2)
History of Crime Policy in America	19	(5)
Definitions Regarding Crime Policy in America	24	(5)
Why Criminal Justice Policy Studies?	29	(1)
Conclusion	30	(6)
Criminal Justice Ideology	36	(30)
Introduction	38	(1)
Major Models of the Criminal Justice System	38	(5)
Major Goals of the Criminal Justice System	43	(6)
Formation of Ideology	49	(2)
Liberal Ideology	51	(3)
Conservative Ideology	54	(2)
Political Parties and Ideology	56	(5)
Policy Implications	61	(2)
Conclusion	63	(3)
The Criminal Justice Policy Process	66	(29)
Introduction	68	(1)
Policy Participants	68	(6)
Policy Models	74	(6)
Public Policy Process	80	(7)
Public Policy Types	87	(2)
Substantive versus Symbolic Policies	89	(1)
Crime and the Policy Dilemma	90	(1)
Conclusion	91	(4)
Part 2 The Criminal Justice Policy Actors	95	(234)
The Executive Branches	96	(52)
Introduction	98	(1)
U.S. Presidents and Crime Control Policy	98	(11)
The History of Presidents and Crime Policy	109	(8)
The President's Agenda and Crime Policy	117	(13)
State Government: Governors	130	(2)
Local Government: Mayors	132	(2)
Executive Role in the Policy Process	134	(2)
Conclusion	136	(12)
Legislative Branches	148	(42)
Introduction	150	(1)
Federalization of Crime	150	(4)
Federal Legislature: Congress	154	(16)
State Legislatures	170	(11)
Local Governments	181	(5)
Conclusion	186	(4)
Judiciary	190	(40)
Introduction	192	(1)
Function of Courts	192	(2)
Organization of the Courts	194	(7)
The Process of Judicial Selection	201	(5)
Federal Court System	206	(13)
State Courts	219	(5)
Local Courts	224	(1)
Court Bureaucracies	225	(1)
Conclusion	225	(5)
Bureaucracies	230	(32)
Introduction	232	(2)
Reputation	234	(2)
Types of Bureaucracies	236	(3)
Theories of Bureaucratic Behavior	239	(1)
Bureaucratic Power	240	(2)
Politics and Bureaucracies	242	(3)
Role in the Policy Process	245	(9)
Examples of Federal Criminal Justice Bureaucracies	254	(1)
State and Local Bureaucracies	255	(1)
Examples of State and Local Criminal Justice Bureaucracies	256	(2)
Conclusion	258	(4)
Public Opinion and the Media	262	(42)
Introduction	264	(1)
Public Opinion	264	(7)
Public Opinion of Crime	271	(8)
Impact on Policy Process	279	(7)
The Media	286	(4)
Powers of the Media	290	(2)
Impact on the Policy Process	292	(5)
Conclusion	297	(7)
Interest Groups	304	(25)
Introduction	306	(1)
Interest Groups and Public Policy	306	(2)
Theories of Interest Group Behavior	308	(1)
Characteristics of Interest Groups	309	(3)
Role in Policy Process	312	(8)
Examples of Federal Criminal Justice Interest Groups	320	(4)
State and Local Interest Groups	324	(1)
Conclusion	325	(4)
Part 3 The Criminal Justice System	329	(138)
The Police	330	(38)
Introduction	332	(1)
The Nature of Policing	332	(3)
History of Policing	335	(7)
Contemporary Police	342	(10)
Intergovernmental Relationships	352	(5)
Police and Policy Issues	357	(8)
Conclusion	365	(3)
Courts	368	(32)
Introduction	370	(1)
Politics and the Courts	370	(4)
Role in Policy Process	374	(4)
Courts in the Policy Process: Examples	378	(16)
Conclusion	394	(6)
Corrections	400	(30)
Introduction	402	(3)
History	405	(2)
Prison Populations	407	(3)
Congress and Corrections	410	(1)
Correctional Bureaucracies	411	(1)
Court Decisions and Corrections	411	(3)
Corrections and the Policy Process	414	(4)
Issues Facing Correctional Administrators	418	(4)
State Corrections	422	(2)
Local Corrections	424	(1)
Conclusion	425	(5)
Juvenile Justice	430	(37)
Introduction	432	(1)
Amount of Juvenile Crime	433	(2)
Theories of Juvenile Delinquency	435	(3)
Evolution of the Juvenile Justice System	438	(3)
Juvenile Justice System Today	441	(3)
Politics and Juvenile Justice	444	(9)
Role in Policy Process	453	(2)
Juvenile Justice Issues	455	(7)
Conclusion	462	(5)
Part 4 Criminal Justice Policy	467	(52)
Criminal Justice Policy: A Case Study	468	(51)
Introduction	470	(1)
Community Policing and the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994	470	(41)
Conclusion	511	(8)
Index	519