Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association

Edition:

4th

ISBN13:

9781557982414

ISBN10:

1557982414

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

7/1/1994

Publisher(s):

Amer Psychological Assn

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Summary

The fifth edition of the "APA Manual" is a new and improved style manual for writers and students in psychology and other behavioral and social sciences. This valuable reference tool gives writers easy-to-use guidelines on how to prepare manuscripts according to APA style.

List of Tables and Table Examples

(2)

List of Figures, Figure Examples, and Exhibits

xvii

(2)

List of Checklists

xix

(2)

Foreword

xxi

(4)

Introduction

xxv

Organization of the Fourth Edition

xxvi

(2)

Specific Style Changes in the Fourth Edition

xxviii

(3)

How to Use the Manual

xxxi

1. Content and Organization of a Manuscript

(22)

Quality of Content

(2)

1.01 Designing and Reporting Research

(1)

1.02 Evaluating Content

(1)

Characteristics of Authorship and Articles

(3)

1.03 Authorship

(1)

1.04 Types of Articles

(2)

1.05 Length, Headings, and Tone

(1)

Parts of a Manuscript

(14)

1.06 Title Page

(1)

1.07 Abstract

(3)

1.08 Introduction

(1)

1.09 Method

(3)

1.10 Results

(3)

1.11 Discussion

(1)

1.12 Multiple Experiments

(1)

1.13 References

(1)

1.14 Appendix

(1)

1.15 Author Note

(1)

Quality of Presentation

(2)

2. Expression of Ideas

(38)

Writing Style

(8)

2.01 Orderly Presentation of Ideas

(1)

2.02 Smoothness of Expression

(1)

2.03 Economy of Expression

(2)

2.04 Precision and Clarity

(3)

2.05 Strategies to Improve Writing Style

(1)

Grammar

(15)

2.06 Verbs

(2)

2.07 Agreement of Subject and Verb

(2)

2.08 Pronouns

(2)

2.09 Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers

(3)

2.10 Relative Pronouns and Subordinate Conjunctions

(2)

2.11 Parallel Construction

(3)

2.12 Linguistic Devices

(1)

Guidelines to Reduce Bias in Language

(15)

Guideline 1: Describe at the appropriate level of specificity

(1)

Guideline 2: Be sensitive to labels

(1)

Guideline 3: Acknowledge participation

(1)

2.13 Gender

(1)

2.14 Sexual Orientation

(1)

2.15 Racial and Ethnic Identity

(1)

2.16 Disabilities

(1)

2.17 Age

(8)

3. APA Editorial Style

(174)

Punctuation

(8)

3.01 Period

(1)

3.02 Comma

(1)

3.03 Semicolon

(1)

3.04 Colon

(1)

3.05 Dash

(1)

3.06 Quotation Marks

(1)

3.07 Parentheses

(2)

3.08 Brackets

(1)

3.09 Slash

(1)

Spelling

(5)

3.10 Preferred Spelling

(1)

3.11 Hyphenation

(5)

Capitalization

(5)

3.12 Words Beginning a Sentence

(1)

3.13 Major Words in Titles and Headings

(1)

3.14 Proper Nouns and Trade Names

(1)

3.15 Nouns Followed by Numerals or Letters

(1)

3.16 Titles of Tests

(1)

3.17 Names of Conditions or Groups in an Experiment

(1)

3.18 Names of Factors, Variables, and Effects

(1)

Italics

(1)

3.19 Underlining Words

(1)

Abbreviations

(10)

3.20 Use of Abbreviations

(3)

3.21 Explanation of Abbreviations

(1)

3.22 Abbreviations Accepted as Words

(1)

3.23 Abbreviations Used Often in APA Journals

(1)

3.24 Latin Abbreviations

(1)

3.25 Scientific Abbreviations

(3)

3.26 Other Abbreviations

(1)

3.27 Use of Periods With Abbreviations

(1)

3.28 Plurals of Abbreviations

(1)

3.29 Abbreviations Beginning a Sentence

(1)

Headings and Series

(5)

3.30 Organizing a Manuscript With Headings

(1)

3.31 Levels of Headings

(1)

3.32 Selecting the Levels of Headings

(2)

3.33 Seriation

(2)

Quotations

(4)

3.34 Quotation of Sources

(1)

3.35 Accuracy

(1)

3.36 Double or Single Quotation Marks

(1)

3.37 Changes From the Source Requiring No Explanation

(1)

3.38 Changes From the Source Requiring Explanation

(1)

3.39 Citation of Sources

(1)

3.40 Citations Within Quotations

(1)

3.41 Permission to Quote

(1)

Numbers

(6)

3.42 Numbers Expressed in Figures

(2)

3.43 Numbers Expressed in Words

101

(2)

3.44 Combining Figures and Words to Express Numbers

103

(1)

3.45 Ordinal Numbers

103

(1)

3.46 Decimal Fractions

104

(1)

3.47 Arabic or Roman Numerals

104

(1)

3.48 Commas in Numbers

105

(1)

3.49 Plurals of Numbers

105

(1)

Metrication

105

(6)

3.50 Policy on Metrication

105

(1)

3.51 Style for Metric Units

106

(5)

3.52 Metric Tables

111

(1)

Statistical and Mathematical Copy

111

(9)

3.53 Selecting the Method of Analysis and Retaining Data

111

(1)

3.54 Selecting Effective Presentation

112

(1)

3.55 References for Statistics

112

(1)

3.56 Formulas

112

(1)

3.57 Statistics in Text

112

(2)

3.58 Statistical Symbols

114

(4)

3.59 Spacing, Alignment, and Punctuation

118

(1)

3.60 Equations in Text

119

(1)

3.61 Displayed Equations

119

(1)

Tables

120

(21)

3.62 Tabular Versus Textual Presentation

120

(5)

3.63 Relation of Tables and Text

125

(1)

3.64 Relation Between Tables

126

(1)

3.65 Table Numbers

126

(1)

3.66 Table Titles

126

(1)

3.67 Headings

127

(2)

3.68 Body of a Table

129

(1)

3.69 Presenting Data in Specific Types of Tables

130

(6)

3.70 Notes to a Table

136

(3)

3.71 Ruling of Tables

139

(1)

3.72 Size of Tables

139

(1)

3.73 Tables From Another Source

140

(1)

3.74 Table Checklist

140

(1)

Figures

141

(22)

3.75 Deciding to Use Figures

141

(1)

3.76 Standards for Figures

142

(1)

3.77 Types of Figures

142

(7)

3.78 Line Art Versus Halftone

149

(1)

3.79 Overall Size and Proportion

149

(3)

3.80 Preparation of Figures

152

(5)

3.81 Creating Graphs

157

(1)

3.82 Using Photographs

158

(2)

3.83 Identifying and Citing Figures

160

(1)

3.84 Figure Legends and Captions

160

(1)

3.85 Submitting Figures

161

(1)

3.86 Figure Checklist

162

(1)

Footnotes and Notes

163

(3)

3.87 Footnotes in Text

163

(1)

3.88 Notes to Tables

164

(1)

3.89 Author Note

164

(2)

Appendixes

166

(2)

3.90 Identifying and Citing Appendixes

166

(1)

3.91 Body and Headings

167

(1)

3.92 Table as Appendix

167

(1)

3.93 Tests and Questionnaires

167

(1)

Reference Citations in Text

168

(6)

3.94 One Work by One Author

168

(1)

3.95 One Work by Multiple Authors

168

(2)

3.96 Groups as Authors

170

(1)

3.97 Works With No Author (Including Legal Materials) or With an Anonymous Author

171

(1)

3.98 Authors With the Same Surname

171

(1)

3.99 Two or More Works Within the Same Parentheses

172

(1)

3.100 Classical Works

173

(1)

3.101 Specific Parts of a Source

173

(1)

3.102 Personal Communications

173

(1)

3.103 Citations in Parenthetical Material

174

(1)

Reference List

174

(15)

3.104 Agreement of Text and Reference List

175

(1)

3.105 Construction of an Accurate and Complete Reference List

175

(1)

3.106 APA Style

175

(3)

3.107 Order of References in the Reference List

178

(2)

3.108 References Included in a Meta-Analysis

180

(1)

3.109 Application of APA Reference Style

181

(1)

3.110 General Forms

182

(1)

3.111 Authors

182

(1)

3.112 Publication Date

183

(1)

3.113 Title of Article or Chapter

184

(1)

3.114 Title of Work and Publication Information: Periodicals

185

(1)

3.115 Title of Work: Nonperiodicals

186

(1)

3.116 Title of Work: Part of a Nonperiodical (Book Chapters)

187

(1)

3.117 Publication Information: Nonperiodicals

188

(1)

Appendix 3-A. Elements and Examples of References in APA Style

189

(34)

Index to Appendix 3-A

189

(5)

A. Periodicals

194

(7)

B. Books, Brochures, and Book Chapters

201

(6)

C. Technical and Research Reports

207

(3)

D. Proceedings of Meetings and Symposia

210

(2)

E. Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

212

(1)

F. Unpublished Work and Publications of Limited Circulation

213

(2)

G. Reviews

215

(1)

H. Audiovisual Media

216

(2)

I. Electronic Media

218

(5)

Appendix 3-B. References to Legal Materials

223

(12)

3.118 General Forms

223

(1)

3.119 Text Citations of Legal Materials

224

(1)

3.120 Court Decisions (Bluebook Rule 10)

224

(4)

3.121 Statutes (Bluebook Rule 12)

228

(2)

3.122 Legislative Materials (Bluebook Rule 13)

230

(3)

3.123 Administrative and Executive Materials (Bluebook Rule 14)

233

(2)

4. Manuscript Preparation and Sample Paper

235

(38)

Author's Responsibilities

236

(1)

General Instructions for Preparing the Paper Manuscript

237

(11)

4.01 Paper

237

(1)

4.02 Typeface

237

(2)

4.03 Double-Spacing

239

(1)

4.04 Margins

240

(1)

4.05 Order of the Manuscript Pages

240

(1)

4.06 Page Numbers and Manuscript Page Headers

241

(1)

4.07 Corrections

241

(1)

4.08 Paragraphs and Indention

242

(1)

4.09 Uppercase and Lowercase Letters

242

(1)

4.10 Headings

242

(2)

4.11 Spacing and Punctuation

244

(1)

4.12 Seriation

244

(1)

4.13 Quotations

245

(1)

4.14 Statistical and Mathematical Copy

246

(2)

Instructions for Typing the Parts of a Manuscript

248

(9)

4.15 Title Page

248

(2)

4.16 Abstract

250

(1)

4.17 Text

251

(1)

4.18 References

251

(1)

4.19 Appendixes

251

(1)

4.20 Footnotes and Notes

252

(1)

4.21 Tables and Table Titles, Notes, and Rules

253

(1)

4.22 Figures and Figure Captions

254

(1)

4.23 Spelling Check and Word Count

255

(1)

4.24 Special Instructions for Typesetting

255

(1)

4.25 Number of Copies

255

(1)

4.26 Cover Letter

256

(1)

4.27 Contents of Package

256

(1)

4.28 Editor Acknowledgment of Manuscript Submission

257

(1)

4.29 Interim Correspondence

257

(1)

Sample Paper and Outlines

257

(16)

5. Manuscript Acceptance and Production

273

(16)

Transmitting the Accepted Manuscript for Production

274

(3)

5.01 Copyright Transfer and Certification of Authorship

274

(1)

5.02 Preparing the Word-Processing File for Editing and Typesetting

274

(3)

5.03 Future Correspondence

277

(1)

Reviewing the Copyedited Manuscript

277

(1)

5.04 Paper Manuscript

278

(1)

5.05 Electronic Manuscript

278

(1)

Proofreading

278

(5)

5.06 Reading Proofs

278

(3)

5.07 Author's Alterations

281

(1)

5.08 Returning Proofs and Manuscript

282

(1)

5.09 Ordering Reprints

282

(1)

After the Article Is Published

283

(6)

5.10 Retaining Raw Data

283

(1)

5.11 Correction Notices

283

(6)

6. Journals Program of the American Psychological Association

289

(30)

Policies Governing the Journals

289

(12)

6.01 Selection of Editors

290

(1)

6.02 Page Allocations

290

(1)

6.03 Publication Lag

291

(1)

6.04 Primary Publication

291

(1)

6.05 Ethics of Scientific Publication

292

(7)

6.06 Author's Copyright on an Unpublished Manuscript

299

(1)

6.07 Copyright and Permission to Reproduce APA Material

299

(1)

6.08 Other Copyrighted Material

300

(1)

Editorial Management of Manuscripts

301

(5)

6.09 Editorial Responsibilities

301

(1)

6.10 Date of Receipt of Manuscripts

301

(1)

6.11 Order of Publication of Articles

302

(1)

6.12 Procedures in Editorial Review

302

(3)

6.13 Masked Review

305

(1)

6.14 Evaluation of Manuscripts

305

(1)

The APA Journals

306

(11)

6.15 Policy Statements on Journal Coverage

306

(11)

Journal-Related Periodicals

317

(2)

7. Bibliography

319

(12)

7.01 History of the Publication Manual

319

(1)

7.02 References Cited in This Edition

320

(3)

7.03 Suggested Reading

323

(8)

Appendix A: Material Other Than Journal Articles

331

(10)

Theses, Dissertations, and Student Papers

331

(5)

A.01 Final Manuscript

331

(1)

A.02 Content Requirements

332

(2)

A.03 Manuscript Preparation Requirements

334

(2)

Converting the Dissertation Into a Journal Article

336

(3)

A.04 Length

337

(1)

A.05 Selectivity

337

(1)

A.06 Writing Style

338

(1)

A.07 Interpretation of Data

338

(1)

Material for Oral Presentation

339

(1)

Material Published in Abbreviated Form

340

(1)

Appendix B: Checklist for Manuscript Submission

341

(6)

Format

341

(1)

Title Page and Abstract

342

(1)

Paragraphs and Headings

342

(1)

Abbreviations

342

(1)

Mathematics and Statistics

342

(1)

Units of Measurement

343

(1)

References

343

(1)

Notes and Footnotes

343

(1)

Tables and Figures

344

(1)

344

(1)

Submitting the Manuscript

344

(1)

Note to Students

345

(2)

Appendix C: Checklist for Transmitting Accepted Manuscripts for Electronic Production

347

(2)

Preparing the ASCII File

347

(1)

Naming the ASCII Files

348

(1)

Transmitting the Manuscript

348

(1)

Index

349

Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association

9781557982414

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Table of Contents