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9780199532629

Quantum Electronics for Atomic Physics

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780199532629

  • ISBN10:

    0199532621

  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2010-06-11
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press
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Summary

Quantum Electronics for Atomic Physics provides a course in quantum electronics for researchers in atomic physics. The book covers the usual topics, such as Gaussian beams, cavities, lasers, nonlinear optics and modulation techniques, but also includes a number of areas not usually found in atextbook on quantum electronics. It includes such practical matters as the enhancement of nonlinear processes in a build-up cavity, impedance matching into a cavity, laser frequency stabilization (including servomechanism theory), astigmatism in ring cavities, and atomic/molecular spectroscopictechniques for the generation of a discriminant for laser frequency locking. A number of very recent developments are discussed, such as fiber lasers and frequency metrology using femtosecond lasers. Problem sets are included at the end of each chapter.

Author Biography


Following his PhD, Warren Nagourney undertook postdoctoral research at Columbia Radiation Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, after which he joined the physics department of the University of Washington as a Postdoctoral Research Assistant in 1977. He remained with the department until his retirement, as a Research Professor, in 2007.

Table of Contents

Gaussian beamsp. 1
Introductionp. 2
The paraxial wave equationp. 1
Gaussian beam functions and the complex beam parameter, qp. 2
Some Gaussian beam propertiesp. 3
The phase term: Gouy phasep. 5
Simple transformation properties of the complex beam parameterp. 6
Matrix formulation of paraxial ray optics: ABCD rulep. 8
Further readingp. 10
Problemsp. 11
Optical resonators - geometrical propertiesp. 13
Introductionp. 13
The two-mirror standing wave cavityp. 13
Stabilityp. 15
Solution for an arbitrary two-mirror stable cavityp. 17
Higher-order modesp. 19
Resonant frequenciesp. 21
The traveling wave (ring) cavityp. 23
Astigmatism in a ring cavityp. 26
Mode matchingp. 30
Beam quality characterization: the M2 parameterp. 32
Further readingp. 34
Problemsp. 35
Energy relations in optical cavitiesp. 36
Introductionp. 36
Reflection and transmission at an interfacep. 36
Reflected fields from standing wave cavityp. 37
Internal (circulating) field in a standing wave cavityp. 38
Reflected and internal intensitiesp. 39
The resonant character of the reflected and circulating intensitiesp. 40
Impedance matchingp. 41
Fields and intensities in ring cavityp. 44
A novel "reflective" coupling scheme using a tilted wedgep. 45
Photon lifetimep. 46
The quality factor, Qp. 47
Relation between Q and finessep. 47
Alternative representation of cavity lossp. 48
Experimental determination of cavity parametersp. 48
Further readingp. 50
Problemsp. 51
Optical cavity as frequency discriminatorp. 53
Introductionp. 53
A simple examplep. 53
Side of resonance discriminantp. 55
The manipulation of polarized beams: the Jones calculusp. 56
The polarization techniquep. 58
Frequency modulationp. 61
The Pound-Drever-Hall approachp. 63
Frequency response of a cavity-based discriminatorp. 67
Further readingp. 70
Problemsp. 70
Laser gain and some of its consequencesp. 72
Introductionp. 72
The wave equationp. 72
The interaction termp. 73
The rotating wave approximationp. 74
Density matrix of two-level systemp. 75
The classical Bloch equationp. 77
Radiative and collision-induced dampingp. 79
The atomic susceptibility and optical gainp. 84
The Einstein A and B coefficientsp. 88
Doppler broadening: an example of inhomogeneous broadeningp. 92
Comments on saturationp. 94
Further readingp. 98
Problemsp. 98
Laser oscillation and pumping mechanismsp. 100
Introductionp. 100
The condition for laser oscillationp. 100
The power output of a laserp. 101
Pumping in three-level and four-level laser systemsp. 103
Laser oscillation frequencies and pullingp. 106
Inhomogeneous broadening and multimode behaviorp. 107
Spatial hole burningp. 109
Some consequences of the photon model for laser radiationp. 110
The photon statistics of laser radiationp. 112
The ultimate linewidth of a laserp. 117
Further readingp. 119
Problemsp. 119
Descriptions of specific CW laser systemsp. 121
Introductionp. 121
The He-Ne laserp. 121
The argon ion laserp. 123
The continuous wave organic dye laserp. 126
The titanium-sapphire laserp. 130
The CW neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laserp. 132
The YAG non-planar ring oscillator: a novel ring laser geometryp. 134
Diode-pumped solid-state (DPSS) YAG lasersp. 135
Further readingp. 136
Laser gain in a semiconductorp. 137
Introductionp. 137
Solid state physics backgroundp. 137
Optical gain in a semiconductorp. 148
Further readingp. 157
Problemsp. 157
Semiconductor diode lasersp. 159
Introductionp. 159
The homojunction semiconductor laserp. 159
The double heterostructure laserp. 162
Quantum well lasersp. 167
Distributed feedback lasersp. 173
The rate equations and relaxation oscillationsp. 179
Diode laser frequency control and linewidthp. 187
External cavity diode lasers (ECDLs)p. 192
Semiconductor laser amplifiers and injection lockingp. 202
Miscellaneous characteristics of semiconductor lasersp. 208
Further readingp. 210
Problemsp. 210
Mode-locked lasers and frequency metrologyp. 212
Introductionp. 212
Theory of mode lockingp. 212
Mode locking techniquesp. 217
Dispersion and its compensationp. 221
The mode-locked Ti-sapphire laserp. 225
Frequency metrology using a femtosecond laserp. 228
The carrier envelope offsetp. 230
Further readingp. 233
Problemsp. 233
Laser frequency stabilization and control systemsp. 235
Introductionp. 235
Laser frequency stabilization - a first lookp. 235
The effect of the loop filterp. 237
Elementary noise considerationsp. 238
Some linear system theoryp. 241
The stability of a linear systemp. 245
Negative feedbackp. 247
Some actual control systemsp. 256
Temperature stabilizationp. 262
Laser frequency stabilizationp. 266
Optical fiber phase noise and its cancellationp. 275
Characterization of laser frequency stabilityp. 277
Frequency locking to a noisy resonancep. 283
Further readingp. 285
Problemsp. 285
Atomic and molecular discriminantsp. 287
Introductionp. 287
Sub-Doppler saturation spectroscopyp. 287
Sub-Doppler dichroic atomic vapour laser locking (sub-Doppler DAVLL) and polarization spectroscopyp. 293
An example of a side-of-line atomic discriminantp. 298
Further readingp. 299
Problemsp. 299
Nonlinear opticsp. 301
Introductionp. 301
Anisotropic crystalsp. 301
Second harmonic generationp. 309
Birefringent phase matchingp. 314
Quasi-phase-matchingp. 320
Second harmonic generation using a focused beamp. 325
Second harmonic generation in a cavityp. 332
Sum-frequency generationp. 337
Parametric interactionsp. 338
Further readingp. 351
Problemsp. 351
Frequency and amplitude modulationp. 352
Introductionp. 352
The linear electro-optic effectp. 352
Bulk electro-optic modulatorsp. 354
Traveling wave electro-optic modulatorsp. 359
Acousto-optic modulatorsp. 360
Further readingp. 372
Problemsp. 372
Referencesp. 374
Indexp. 378
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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