Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography

by Statkiewicz-Sherer, Visconti & Ritenour

• ISBN13: 9780323014526
• ISBN10: 0323014526
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-04-10
• Publisher: Mosby

Summary

Thoroughly updated and revised, this time-tested features full color illustrations and a vibrant, easy-to-use design. Information is presented in a style that builds from basic to more complex concepts. It covers essential information on the biological effects of ionizing radiation and radiation protection, helping readers ensure the safe medical use of ionizing radiation. The book also discusses radiation physics, cell structure, effects of radiation on humans at the cellular and systemic levels, regulatory and advisory limits for human exposure to radiation, and the implementation of patient and personnel radiation protection practices. The 4th edition features new illustrations, more review questions, and extensive new and updated material throughout.

Table of Contents

Introduction to Radiation Protection	1	(22)
Justification and responsibility for radiographic procedures	3	(3)
As low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) principle	6	(1)
Patient protection and patient education	7	(1)
Radiation	8	(15)
Interactions of X-Radiation with Matter	23	(20)
X-ray beam production and energy	25	(1)
Attenuation	26	(3)
Probability of photon interaction with matter	29	(1)
Processes of interaction	30	(13)
Radiation Quantities and Units	43	(20)
Historical evolution of radiation quantities and units	45	(6)
Radiation quantities and their units of measure	51	(12)
Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation	63	(22)
Radiation protection standards organizations	65	(2)
U.S. regulatory agencies	67	(2)
Radiation safety committee and safety officer	69	(1)
Effective dose limiting system	70	(1)
Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968	71	(1)
ALARA concept	72	(1)
Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1981	72	(1)
Goal for radiation protection	72	(1)
Radiation-induced responses of concern in radiation protection	73	(1)
Objectives of radiation protection	74	(1)
Current radiation protection philosophy	75	(1)
Risk	75	(1)
Basis for the effective dose equivalent limiting system	75	(1)
Current NCRP recommendations	76	(2)
Radiation hormesis	78	(1)
Occupational and nonoccupational dose limits	78	(7)
Overview of Cell Biology	85	(20)
The cell	87	(1)
Cell chemical composition	87	(6)
Cell structure	93	(4)
Cell division	97	(8)
Radiation Biology	105	(50)
Lonizing radiation	107	(1)
Radiation energy transfer determinants	107	(3)
Molecular effects of irradiation	110	(10)
Cellular effects of irradiation	120	(1)
Survival curves for mammalian cells	121	(1)
Cell radiosensitivity	122	(5)
Organic damage from ionizing radiation	127	(28)
Protection of the Patient During Diagnostic Radiologic Procedures	155	(46)
Effective communication	157	(1)
Immobilization	158	(1)
X-ray beam limitation devices	159	(4)
Filtration	163	(3)
Protective Shielding	166	(4)
Compensating filters	170	(1)
Technical exposure factors	171	(2)
Radiographic processing	173	(1)
Film-screen combinations	173	(1)
Radiographic grids	174	(1)
Air gap technique	175	(1)
Repeat radiographs	176	(1)
Unnecessary radiologic procedures	176	(1)
Minimal source-skin distance for mobile radiography	177	(1)
Fluoroscopic procedures	177	(4)
C-arm fluoroscopy	181	(1)
Cinefluorography	181	(1)
Digital fluoroscopy	182	(1)
High-level-control interventional procedures	182	(2)
Amount of radiation received by a patient	184	(1)
The pregnant patient	185	(5)
Other diagnostic exams and imaging modalities	190	(3)
Pediatric considerations	193	(1)
Protecting the pregnant or potentially pregnant patient	194	(7)
Protecting Occupationally Exposed Radiologic Personnel	201	(24)
Annual limit for occupationally exposed personnel	203	(1)
ALARA concept	204	(1)
Dose reduction methods and techniques	204	(1)
Protection for pregnant personnel	205	(1)
Protective structural shielding	206	(2)
Diagnostic-type protective tube housing	208	(1)
Protection during fluoroscopic procedures	208	(2)
Protection during mobile radiographic examinations	210	(1)
Protection during C-arm fluoroscopy	211	(1)
Protection during high-level-control interventional procedures	212	(1)
Distance	212	(1)
Protective devices	213	(1)
Patient restraint	214	(1)
Doors to x-ray rooms	215	(1)
Diagnostic x-ray suite protection design	215	(10)
Radiation Monitoring	225	(20)
Personnel monitoring	227	(2)
Personnel dosimeters	229	(8)
Radiation survey instruments for area monitoring	237	(3)
Calibration instruments	240	(5)
Bibliography	245	(6)
Appendix A Chance of a 50 keV Photon to Interact with Atoms of Tissue as It Travels Through 5 cm of Soft Tissue	251	(1)
Appendix B Relationship Between Photons, Electromagnetic Waves, Wavelength, and Energy	252	(1)
Appendix C Compton Interaction	253	(2)
Appendix D Periodic Table of the Elements	255	(1)
Appendix E Metric System Equivalents for Length	256	(1)
Appendix F Revision of 10 CFR Part 35	257	(1)
Appendix G Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1981	258	(3)
Answers to Review Questions	261	(2)
Glossary	263	(22)
Index	285