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9780323036009

Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography

by ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780323036009

  • ISBN10:

    0323036007

  • Edition: 5th
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2006-03-07
  • Publisher: Mosby Inc
  • View Upgraded Edition
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List Price: $56.95

Summary

This easy-to-read text offers essential information on radiation protection and the biological effects of ionizing radiation, to ensure its safe medical use. Building from basic to more complex concepts, this book also presents radiation physics, cell structure, effects of radiation on humans at the cellular and systemic levels, regulatory and advisory limits for human exposure to radiation, and the implementation of patient and personnel radiation protection practices. Readability of textmajor concepts are concisely stated, and physics material is very easy to understand. Full-color text and art program enhances and reinforces important elements. Student-friendly features includes objectives, key terms, chapter outlines, review questions, discussion questions, chapter summaries, and a glossary. Hundreds of illustrations, graphs, tables, and boxes convey critical information. Historical perspective provides photos and text on Hiroshoma, Chernobyl, and Three-Mile Island, explaining the effects of low-level ionizing radiation and demonstrating the link between radiation and cancer and other diseases. Timely coverage of radiation protection regulations covers world, federal, and organizational guidelines and regulations for radiation protection. Coverage of guidelines, regulations, and radiation quantities and units includes the most up-to-date information available from the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) and the International Commission of Radiological Protection (ICRP). New chapter on protection from radioactive materials present in the medical environment, including a discussion of implications for medical personnel of treating victims of a dirty bomb. Implications of direct and computed radiography for overexposure of patients to ionizing radiation. j/Li> Updated discussion about radiation protection for PET/CT and C-arm fluoroscopy. Discussion questions supplement multiple-choice review questions. Improved readability with text sections adding more subheadings.

Table of Contents

Introduction to Radiation Protection
1(24)
Effective Radiation Protection
2(1)
Justification and Responsibility for Radiologic Procedures
3(2)
As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) Principle
5(1)
Patient Protection and Patient Education
5(3)
Radiation
8(17)
Interaction of X-Radiation with Matter
25(20)
Significance of X-Ray Absorption in Biologic Tissue
26(1)
X-Ray Beam Production and Energy
26(2)
Attenuation
28(1)
Probability of Photon Interaction with Matter
29(1)
Processes of Interaction
29(16)
Radiation Quantities and Units
45(18)
Historical Evolution of Radiation Quantities and Units
46(7)
Radiation Quantities and Their Units of Measure
53(10)
Overview of Cell Biology
63(20)
The Cell
64(1)
Cell Chemical Composition
64(8)
Cell Structure
72(3)
Cell Division
75(8)
Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
83(27)
Ionizing Radiation
84(1)
Radiation Energy Transfer Determinants
84(4)
Molecular Effects of Irradiation
88(11)
Cellular Effects of Irradiation
99(1)
Survival Curves for Mammalian Cells
100(1)
Cell Radiosensitivity
101(9)
Radiation Effects on Organ Systems
110(31)
Radiation Dose-Response Relationship
111(3)
Somatic and Genetic Damage Factors
114(1)
Somatic Effects
114(20)
Genetic Effects
134(7)
Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
141(22)
Basis of Effective Dose Limiting System
143(1)
Radiation Protection Standards Organizations
143(3)
U.S. Regulatory Agencies
146(2)
Radiation Safety Program
148(1)
Effective Dose Limiting System
149(1)
Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968
149(1)
ALARA Concept
150(1)
Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1981
151(1)
Goal for Radiation Protection
151(1)
Radiation-Induced Responses of Concern in Radiation Protection
151(2)
Objectives of Radiation Protection
153(1)
Current Radiation Protection Philosophy
153(1)
Risk
154(1)
Basis for the Effective Dose (EfD) Limiting System
154(1)
Current NCRP Recommendations
155(2)
Action Limits
157(1)
Radiation Hormesis
158(1)
Occupational and Nonoccupational Dose Limits
158(5)
Protection of the Patient during Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
163(60)
Effective Communication
166(2)
Immobilization
168(1)
X-Ray Beam Limitation Devices
168(5)
Filtration
173(4)
Protective Shielding
177(4)
Compensating Filters
181(1)
Technical Exposure Factors
182(2)
Radiographic Film Processing
184(1)
Screen-Film Combinations
185(1)
Radiographic Grids
186(2)
Air Gap Technique
188(1)
Repeat Radiographs When Film Serves as the Image Receptor
189(1)
Unnecessary Radiologic Procedures
189(1)
Minimal Source-Skin Distance (SSD) for Mobile Radiography
190(1)
Digital Imaging
191(3)
Fluoroscopic Procedures
194(4)
Mobile C-Arm Fluoroscopy
198(2)
Cinefluorography
200(1)
Digital Fluoroscopy
201(1)
High-Level-Control Interventional Procedures
202(2)
Amount of Radiation Received by Patients Undergoing Diagnostic Imaging Procedures
204(2)
The Pregnant Patient
206(5)
Other Diagnostic Exams and Imaging Modalities
211(3)
Pediatric Considerations
214(2)
Protecting the Pregnant or Potentially Pregnant Patient
216(7)
Protection of Imaging Personnel During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
223(26)
Annual Limit for Occupationally Exposed Personnel
225(1)
ALARA Concept
226(1)
Dose Reduction Methods and Techniques
226(2)
Protection for Pregnant Personnel
228(1)
Basic Principles of Radiation Protection for Personnel Exposure Reduction
228(5)
Diagnostic-Type Protective Tube Housing
233(1)
Protection During Fluoroscopic Procedures
234(2)
Protection During Mobile Radiographic Examinations
236(1)
Protection During C-Arm Fluoroscopy
237(1)
Protection During High-Level-Control Interventional Procedures
238(1)
Patient Restraint
239(1)
Doors to X-Ray Rooms
239(1)
Diagnostic X-Ray Suite Protection Design
239(10)
Radiation Monitoring
249(20)
Personnel Monitoring
250(2)
Personnel Dosimeters
252(9)
Radiation Survey Instruments for Area Monitoring
261(4)
Calibration Instruments
265(4)
Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
269(18)
Medical Usage
270(10)
Radiation Emergencies---The Use of Radiation as a Terrorist Weapon
280(7)
Bibliography 287(6)
Appendix A Chance of a 50-KeV Photon Interacting with Atoms of Tissue as It Travels through 5 cm of Soft Tissue 293(1)
Appendix B Relationships among Photons, Electromagnetic Waves, Wavelength, and Energy 294(1)
Appendix C Compton Interaction 295(2)
Appendix D Periodic Table of the Elements 297(1)
Appendix E Metric System Equivalents for Length 298(1)
Appendix F Revision of 10 CFR Part 35 299(1)
Appendix G Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1981 300(5)
Answers to Review Questions 305(2)
Glossary 307(26)
Index 333

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