Readings in Ancient History

by BAILKEY

• ISBN13: 9780669397666
• ISBN10: 0669397660
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1995-01-02
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Table of Contents

Near Eastern Civilizations	1	(124)
The Epic of Gilgamesh: The Sumerian Heroic Age	4	(9)
The Epic of the Flood: The Babylonian Noah	13	(4)
The Reforms of Urukagina: ``He established freedom.''	17	(4)
Poem of the Righteous Sufferer: The Babylonian Job	21	(3)
The Dialogue of Pessimism: All Is Vanity	24	(2)
The Shamash Hymn: Moral Religion and Social Justice	26	(4)
The Laws of Hammurabi: ``To further the welfare of the people''	30	(8)
The Instructionof Ptah-hotep: Early Material Values in Egypt	38	(5)
The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus: Thought Divorced from Myth	43	(3)
The Prophecy of Nefer-rohu: A time of Trouble and Messianism	46	(3)
Personal Poetry: Romantic Excitements	49	(4)
A Dispute over Suicide: The Denial of All Values	53	(3)
The Negative Confession: Moral Religion and a Blessed Hereafter	56	(3)
Hymn to the Aton: Religious Reform and Monotheism	59	(4)
An Egyptian-Hittite Treaty: Imperialism and International Diplomacy	63	(2)
The Report of Wenamun: ``Behold Egypt, that broken reed'' (Isaiah 36:6)	65	(5)
The Old Testament: Hebrew Views on God and on History	70	(50)
Earliest Relations Between Man and God	71	(4)
Hebrew Origins: The Patriarchs	75	(3)
Bondage and Deliverance	78	(3)
The Sinai Covenant	81	(5)
The Song of Deborah: ``So perish all thine enemies, O Lord!''	86	(4)
The People Demand a King: ``To govern us like all the nations''	90	(2)
The United Kingdom of Israel: ``A great name, like the name of the great ones of the earth''	92	(6)
Jeremiah: Prophet of the New Covenant	98	(5)
Second Isaiah: Monotheism and Universalism	103	(5)
Job: A Perplexed Sufferer	108	(3)
The Song of Songs: Poetry of Love	111	(3)
Ecclesiastes: The Meditations of a Skeptic	114	(4)
The Wisdom of Solomon: Resurrection of the Dead	118	(2)
Herodotus: The Persians Reject Democracy	120	(5)
Selected Background Reading	123	(2)
Greek Civilization	125	(194)
Homer: The Greek Heroic Age	128	(17)
Hesiod: Changing Times Bring on a Moral Order	145	(6)
Early Greek Lyric Poetry: Individualism Emergent	151	(8)
Archilochus	152	(1)
Mimnermus	153	(1)
Sappho	154	(1)
Theognis	155	(2)
Anacreon	157	(2)
Solon: Economic and Political Reforms at Athens	159	(6)
Pisistratus: The Rise of Tyranny at Athens	165	(3)
The Hymn to Hermes: Patron God of Merchants and Artisans	168	(9)
Lycurgus: The Spartan Totalitarian System	177	(8)
Herodotus: Greece Saved from Persian Conquest	185	(15)
Thucydides: The Failure of Sparta	200	(3)
Pericles' Funeral Oration: An Idealized View of Athenian Democracy and Its Empire	203	(6)
The Old Oligarch: A Realistic View of Athenian Democracy and Its Empire	209	(5)
Thucydides, History: The Stateman's Handbook	214	(19)
The Revolt of Mitylene: ``Democracy is incapable of empire.''	215	(3)
The Corcyrean Revolution: The Psychology of Class War	218	(3)
The Melian Dialogue: ``The strong do what they can and the weak submit.''	221	(5)
The Sicilian Expedition: ``Most glorious to the victors, most calamitous to the conquered.''	226	(7)
Xenophon: The Athenians Overthrow Dictatorship	233	(9)
Socrates: Philosophy Shifts from Nature to Man	242	(10)
The Socratic Method: ``The unexamined life is not worth living.''	244	(2)
The Apology of Socrates: ``I am that gadfly which God has attached to the state.''	246	(6)
Plato	252	(8)
The Theory of Ideas: The Allegory of the Cave	254	(4)
The Spiritual Life: Dualism of Body and Soul	258	(2)
Aristotle: ``The philosophy of human affairs''	260	(24)
The Nicomachean Ethics: ``The good for man''	260	(11)
The Subject of the Ethics	261	(2)
The Definition of Happiness	263	(1)
Intellectual and Moral Virtue	264	(2)
Moral Virtue and the Doctrine of the Mean	266	(1)
Intellectual Virtue: The Ideal Life	267	(2)
The Need of Legislation: Transition to the Politics	269	(2)
The Politics: ``A state exists for the sake of the good life.''	271	(13)
Nature, Origin, and Purpose of the State	271	(2)
A Criticism of Communism	273	(2)
Good and Bad Constitutions	275	(1)
The Ideal State: Its True Object	276	(1)
The Ideal State: Education	277	(2)
The Practicable State: The Best Constitution	279	(2)
The Practicable State: Causes of Revolution	281	(1)
The Practicable State: Preserving Constitutions	282	(2)
Demosthenes Versus Isocrates: ``Nationalism'' Versus ``Internationalism''	284	(12)
Demosthenes, First Philippic: ``Athenians, when will you act as becomes you!''	285	(3)
Isocrates, Address to Philip: ``A champion powerful in action''	288	(5)
Demosthenes, On the Crown: ``You took the most glorious course in pursuance of my counsels.''	293	(3)
Alexander the Great: ``Divinely sent to govern the world''	296	(7)
Hellenistic Philosophy: The Cynic Counterculture	303	(3)
Hellenistic Literature: Theocritus	306	(7)
Idyl XI: Romanticized Love and Nature	307	(2)
Idyl XV: Realism	309	(4)
Hellenistic Science: Archimedes	313	(6)
Selected Background Reading	316	(3)
Roman Civilization	319	(208)
Livy: The Early Romans	322	(10)
Preface: ``The greatest nation in the world''	323	(2)
The Rape of Lucretia: Monarchy Abolished	325	(5)
Horatius at the Bridge: ``A noble piece of work''	330	(2)
Polybius: The Constitution of the Roman Republic	332	(6)
Livy: The Foreign Policy of the Roman Republic	338	(5)
Cato the Elder: Traditional Standards in a New Age	343	(5)
Tiberius Gracchus: The Republic at the Crossroads	348	(8)
Gaius Gracchus: The Republic at the Crossroads, Continued	356	(7)
The Conspiracy of Catiline: The Roman Republic in Decay	363	(7)
Julius Caesar: The Man and the Statesman	370	(10)
The Assassination of Julius Caesar: ``Liberty! Freedom! Tyranny is dead!''	380	(5)
Cicero: ``An eloquent man who loved his country well''	385	(17)
Advocate of Property Rights, Greek Philosophy, and the Status Quo	386	(6)
Champion of Liberty: The Second Philippic	392	(4)
The Laws: ``Let us investigate the origins of Justice.''	396	(6)
The Poetry of Catullus: ``I hate and love.''	402	(4)
Lucretius: Epicurean Philosophy at Rome	406	(9)
Augustus' Reconstruction of the Roman World: Contrasting Estimates	415	(12)
Dio Cassius: The ``True Democracy'' of the Roman Empire	415	(8)
Tacitus, Annals: ``It was really from a lust for power.''	423	(4)
Virgil, Aeneid: ``I wept for Dido'' (St Augustine)	427	(11)
The Pax Romana: Divergent Views	438	(4)
Tacitus, Histories: ``By the prosperity and order of eight hundred years has this empire been consolidated.''	438	(2)
Tacitus, Agricola: ``They create a desert and call it peace.''	440	(2)
Capitalism in the Early Empire: From Free Enterprise to State Intervention	442	(13)
Petronius: A Self- Made Millionaire	442	(9)
Emergency Measures to Deal with Depression	451	(4)
Apollonius of Tyana and the Grain Dealers	452	(1)
State Regulation of Grain Dealers and Bakers	453	(2)
Juvenal: The Emancipated Women of the Early Empire	455	(3)
Marcus Aurelius: ``Either atoms or Providence''	458	(4)
Apuleius: The Cult of Isis and Religious Syncretism	462	(3)
The New Testament: The Beginnings of Christianity	465	(22)
The Teachings of Jesus: ``Turn away from your sins! The Kingdom of heaven in near!''	466	(12)
John the Baptist and the Sermon on the Mount	466	(4)
Parables of the Kingdom	470	(3)
Jesus' Instructions to His Disciples	473	(5)
The Work of Paul: ``Jews and Gentiles are all one in union with Christ Jesus.''	478	(9)
Paul's Mission: Failure at Athens, Success at Corinth	478	(2)
Paul's Epistles: ``His letters, say they, are weighty and powerful.''	480	(7)
Christianity and Greco-Roman Thought: ``Whatever has been uttered aright by any men in any place belongs to us Christians.'' (Justin)	487	(15)
Justin, Apology: ``Those who lived according to reason are Christians.''	488	(1)
Tertullian, Against Heretics: ``What is there in common between Athens and Jerusalem?''	489	(1)
St. Augustine, Confessions: ``Our heart is restless until it rests in You.''	490	(12)
The Persecution of Christians	502	(10)
Pliny, Letters: Trajan's Enlightened Policy	502	(2)
Tertullian, Apology: The Christian View of the Persecutions	504	(8)
The Reforms of Diocletian: ``By whose virtue and foreseeing care all is being shaped for the better.''	512	(5)
Administrative Reorganization: ``This man overturned the Roman Empire''	513	(2)
Edict of Prices: The Controlled Economy of the Late Roman Empire	515	(2)
Tacitus: The Early Germans	517	(7)
Twilight in the Roman West: Two Views	524	(3)
Ausonius: ``Pluck thou the rose''	524	(2)
Paulinus of Nola: ``The present's nothing''	526	(1)
Selected Background Reading	527