The Reluctant Welfare State With Infotrac: American Social Welfare Policies -- Past, Present, and Future

by Jansson, Bruce S.

Edition:

5th

ISBN13:

9780534574697

ISBN10:

0534574696

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

7/26/2004

Publisher(s):

Brooks Cole

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Summary

1. Social Reform in a Society with Conflicting Tendencies. 2. A Framework for Understanding the Evolution of the Reluctant Welfare State. 3. Fashioning a New Society in the Wilderness. 4. Social Welfare Policy in the Early Republic: 1789-1860. 5. Lost Opportunities: The Frontier, the Civil War, and Industrialization. 6. Social Reform in the Progressive Era. 7. The Early Stages of the New Deal. 8. Institutionalizing the New Deal. 9. The Era of Federal Social Services in the New Frontier and the Great Society. 10. The Paradoxical Era: 1968-1980. 11. The Conservative Counterrevolution in the Era of Reagan and Bush. 12. Reluctance Illustrated: Policy Uncertainty During the Clinton Administration. 13. Bush's Quest for Realignment. 14. Why Has the American Welfare State Been Reluctant -- And What Can We Do About It?

Preface

Social Reform in a Society with Conflicting Tendencies

(12)

A Reluctant Welfare State

(1)

The Controversial Nature of Social Policy

(5)

Using Social Policy History to Develop a Policy Identity

(2)

The Raw Stuff of History: Policy Eras

(1)

From History to Policy Advocacy

(2)

A Framework for Understanding the Evolution of the Reluctant Welfare State

(16)

The Two-Sided Context

(3)

Developing Proposals to Address Social Problems

(1)

The Role of Political Processes in Creating a Reluctant Welfare State

(2)

Policy Choices

(1)

Processes of Implementation

(1)

Evaluating Social Policies in the Past and in the Present

(6)

Evaluating Specific Policies with Reference to Outcomes

(1)

Ethical Reasoning from First Principles

(3)

Relativism

(1)

Toward Ethical Reasoning: An Eclectic Approach

(2)

From Ethical Reasoning to Policy Advocacy

(1)

Fashioning a New Society in the Wilderness

(34)

The Feudal Inheritance

(2)

Social Policy in Medieval Society

(1)

The Gradual Unraveling of Feudalism

(3)

Policy Choices in the Period of Transition

(2)

Positive Policies

(2)

Punitive Policies

(1)

The American Colonists

(4)

Patterns of Continuity

(2)

Patterns of Change

(1)

The American Revolution as Catalyst

(2)

From Revolution to Limited Government

(1)

Legitimating Limited Government

(1)

Positive Responses to Social Need

(4)

Punitive Policies

(1)

Harsh Treatment of Out-Groups

(9)

Native Americans

(4)

African Slaves

(3)

The Status of Women

(2)

Ominous Signs

(1)

Precursors to a Reluctant Welfare State

(4)

Social Welfare Policy in the Early Republic: 1789--1860

(28)

Social Realities in the New Nation

(2)

Immigration and Urbanization

(2)

A Moral Crusade

(2)

Social Reform Policies

(11)

Temperance

(2)

Antipauperism Strategies

(3)

Character-Building Institutions

(4)

Opportunity-Enhancing Policies

(2)

Radical Movements: Conspicuous by their Absence

(1)

Out-Groups in the Early Republic

(9)

Irish Immigrants

(2)

The Status of Women

(4)

Precursors of the Reluctant Welfare State

(3)

Lost Opportunities: The Frontier, the Civil War, and Industrialization

(32)

Policy at the Frontier

(7)

Land Policy

(1)

Conquest and Persecution

(4)

Finding Laborers

(1)

Appraisal of Frontier Policy

(1)

The Civil War and Freed Slaves: An Exercise in Futility?

(12)

Origins of the Civil War

(6)

Social Policy during the War

105

(1)

Reconstruction

106

(4)

Women, Policy, and the War

110

(1)

Social Policy and Industrialization

111

(7)

Industrialization before the Civil War

111

(1)

Industrialization during the Gilded Age

112

(1)

The Failure of Regulation

113

(5)

The Absence of a Welfare State

118

(5)

Social Reform in the Progressive Era

123

(42)

Realities in Industrial Society

124

(4)

The Genesis of Reform

128

(7)

Catalytic Events

129

(2)

Intellectual Ferment and Public Opinion

131

(3)

The Specter of Social Unrest

134

(1)

Regulatory Reforms in the Progressive Era

135

(2)

The Limited Social Programs of the Progressive Era

137

(4)

Policy Reforms for Women and Children

137

(2)

Private Philanthropy

139

(1)

Other Policy Reforms

140

(1)

The Limited Nature of Progressives' Social Reforms

140

(1)

Cultural and Policy Realities that Limited Reform

141

(2)

Political Realities that Limited Reform

143

(1)

Women and Children: Seizing the Opportunity

144

(1)

Social Reformers and the Bull Moose Campaign of 1912

145

(4)

Out-Groups in the Progressive Era

149

(6)

People of Color

149

(3)

Women and Politics

152

(2)

Immigrants and the Closing of the Doors

154

(1)

The Resilience of Jane Addams and Her Allies

155

(1)

The Emergence of Social Work

156

(5)

The Evolution of the Reluctant Welfare State

161

(4)

The Early Stages of the New Deal

165

(26)

The 1920s

166

(2)

The Period of Denial: 1929--1933

168

(2)

The Era of Emergency Reforms: 1933--1935

170

(17)

Forces That Promoted Major Reforms

172

(1)

Forces That Limited Roosevelt's Initial Policy Initiatives

173

(6)

Emergency Relief

179

(5)

Reform of the Economic System

184

(3)

Emergency or Permanent Programs?

187

(1)

The Evolution of the Reluctant Welfare State

188

(3)

Institutionalizing the New Deal

191

(34)

Toward Ongoing Programs

192

(4)

Liberal Forces

192

(3)

Conservative Pressures on Roosevelt

195

(1)

Legislation in the Second Half of the New Deal

196

(10)

The Social Security Act

197

(5)

Labor and Public Works Legislation

202

(4)

The Era of Stalemate: 1937--1941

206

(2)

Policies During the Era of Stalemate

208

(1)

Out-Groups in the New Deal

209

(9)

African Americans

209

(4)

Women

213

(2)

Latinos

215

(1)

Asian Americans

216

(2)

Social Workers in the New Deal

218

(2)

The Evolution of the Reluctant Welfare State

220

(5)

The Era of Federal Social Services: The New Frontier and the Great Society

225

(47)

World War II, The Postwar Era, and the 1950s

227

(4)

The Failure of Social Reform in the Truman Era

227

(2)

Eisenhower and the Conservative 1950s

229

(2)

The Turn Toward Reform

231

(4)

Domestic Policy During the Kennedy Presidency

235

(7)

Poverty and Civil Rights: Toward Reform

236

(4)

The Course of Reform: Failures and Successes

240

(2)

Kennedy and Johnson: A Study in Contrast

242

(3)

Johnson's Fateful Initial Choice

245

(1)

Johnson's Social Welfare Legacy

245

(7)

Civil Rights Legislation

245

(1)

Earl Warren and the Supreme Court

246

(1)

Medicare and Medicaid

247

(2)

Aid to Education

249

(1)

The War on Poverty, Welfare Reforms, and Food Stamps

250

(2)

The Beleaguered President: 1967--1968

252

(4)

Out-Groups in the 1960s

256

(9)

Women

256

(3)

Gay Men and Lesbians

259

(2)

Latinos, Native Americans, and Asian Americans

261

(3)

People of Color in the Urban Ghettoes

264

(1)

Social Work in the 1960s

265

(1)

The Evolution of the Reluctant Welfare State

266

(6)

The Paradoxical Era: 1968--1980

272

(32)

Richard Nixon: Political Opportunist

273

(2)

Nixon's Strategy: Floating Coalitions and Outbidding

275

(1)

From Strategy to Policy

276

(9)

Welfare Policy

276

(4)

Social Security

280

(1)

Revenue Sharing and Social Services

280

(2)

Civil Rights

282

(1)

Health Policy and Other Legislation

283

(2)

Nixon's Shift from Reform to Conservatism

285

(3)

The Brief Reign of Gerald Ford

288

(1)

Jimmy Carter: Outsider in the White House

289

(4)

Carter's Domestic Legislation

290

(3)

Carter's Fall

293

(1)

The Hidden Social Spending Revolution of the 1970s

293

(2)

Why Was the Spending Revolution Hidden?

295

(1)

Out-Groups in the 1970s

296

(3)

The Women's Movement

296

(1)

The Mobilization of New Sets of Out-Groups

297

(1)

The 1970s as a Revolution in Rights

298

(1)

The Beginnings of Backlash

299

(1)

The Evolution of the Reluctant Welfare State

299

(5)

The Conservative Counterrevolution in the Era of Reagan and Bush

304

(45)

The Ascendancy of Conservatism

305

(7)

The Legitimation of Conservatism

307

(1)

Ronald Reagan as Catalyst

308

(1)

Reagan's Emergence as a National Hero

309

(1)

Supply-Side Economics: A Positive Way to Be Negative

310

(1)

The Campaign of 1980: Two Styles

311

(1)

The Reagan Policy Blitzkrieg

312

(10)

The Triumph of Conservatism

316

(1)

OBRA, Tax Reductions, and Deregulation

317

(1)

Reagan's Loss of Momentum

318

(1)

Social Security, Job Training, and Medicare

319

(3)

Moral Reforms

322

(1)

Stalemate

322

(3)

The Election of 1984

322

(1)

Reagan's Second Term

323

(2)

Passing the Torch: From Reagan to Bush

325

(1)

Social Policies of the Bush Administration

326

(3)

Social Spending and the Politics of the Budget

326

(2)

Domestic Reforms

328

(1)

Out-Groups in the Era of Reagan and Bush

329

(13)

Predictions Come True

330

(1)

Poverty and People of Color

330

(3)

Immigrants

333

(1)

Gay Men and Lesbians

333

(2)

People with Disabilities

335

(1)

Women

335

(1)

Children

336

(2)

Aging Americans

338

(1)

Homeless Americans

339

(2)

The Erosion of Rights

341

(1)

The Social Work Profession

342

(1)

The Evolution of the Reluctant Welfare State

343

(6)

Reluctance Illustrated: Policy Uncertainty during the Clinton Administration

349

(52)

The Ascendance of Bill Clinton

350

(3)

The Search for the Real Bill Clinton

350

(1)

The Search for the New Democrat

351

(2)

The Presidential Campaign of 1992

353

(1)

Clinton's Grim Options

354

(2)

From Social Investment to Deficit Reduction

356

(7)

Developing an Economic Package

356

(1)

A Brief Digression: The Budget Process

357

(2)

The Demise of the Stimulus Package

359

(1)

Early Warning Signs

360

(1)

The Sacrifice of Social Investments

361

(2)

The Second Year: Anticrime Legislation but No Health Reform

363

(3)

The Fight for Health Reform

363

(3)

Anticrime Legislation

366

(1)

Building a Revolution Within the Counterrevolution

366

(2)

The House Republicans Take Charge

368

(2)

The Budget Confrontation of 1995

370

(9)

Toward a Budget Resolution

371

(3)

Toward a Reconciliation Bill

374

(5)

Clinton's Zigzag Course in Late 1995 and 1996

379

(4)

Clinton's Second Term

383

(6)

Out-Groups

389

(8)

Affirmative Action

389

(2)

Immigration

391

(1)

Children

392

(2)

Women

394

(2)

Gay Men and Lesbians

396

(1)

Reluctance Illustrated

397

(4)

Bush's Quest for Realignment

401

(40)

Bush's Quest for Realignment

402

(4)

The Presidential Campaign of 2000

406

(2)

Two Americas

408

(1)

Bush's Domestic Policies

408

(4)

September 11, 2001

412

(2)

Gridlock

414

(2)

Bush Shifts the Agenda Abroad

416

(2)

The War With Iraq

418

(1)

American Social Welfare Policy Abroad

419

(2)

Looking Ahead to 2004

421

(3)

Compaign Issues

424

(3)

Supreme Court Surprises and Uncertainties

427

(1)

Is the Term Out-Group Still Appropriate?

428

(9)

Racial and Ethnic Out-Groups

429

(1)

People Who Are Physically or Mentally Challenged

430

(1)

Aging Americans

430

(1)

Poverty and Economic Inequality

431

(1)

Women

432

(2)

Gays and Lesbians

434

(1)

Immigration

435

(2)

Revisiting the Term Out-Group

437

(1)

Reluctance Illustrated in the Bush Administration

437

(4)

Why Has the American Welfare State Been Reluctant---and What Can We Do about It?

441

(50)

Manifestations of Reluctance

441

(4)

Contextual Causes of Reluctance

445

(13)

Cultural Factors

446

(5)

Economic Factors

451

(3)

Institutional Factors

454

(1)

Social Factors

455

(2)

The Sequence of Events

457

(1)

Legal Factors

458

(1)

Political Processes

458

(5)

Absence of a Powerful Radical Tradition

458

(2)

Nonvoters

460

(1)

The Power of American Conservatives

460

(1)

Moral Crusades

461

(1)

A Rigged System

461

(2)

Reluctance as the Outcome of Numerous Factors

463

(1)

Some Interpretive Challenges

464

(2)

Variations between Eras and Issues

464

(1)

Gauging Missing Factors

465

(1)

Barriers to Social Reform in Other Nations

465

(1)

Some Redeeming Features of the American Welfare State

466

(1)

From Determinism to Social Action

467

(1)

The Case Against the Welfare State

467

(2)

The Case For the Welfare State

469

(4)

Missed Opportunities

473

(1)

Admitting Errors

473

(1)

The Limitations of Public Policy

474

(1)

Would Conservatives' Policies Solve Major Social Problems?

475

(4)

Reducing Social Spending

475

(1)

Delegating Policy Responsibilities to State and Local Government

476

(1)

Privatizing Social Services

476

(1)

Seeking Nongovernmental Substitutes for Publicly Funded Programs

477

(1)

Deterrent Policies

477

(1)

Relying on Personal Responsibility

478

(1)

Social Welfare in the Context of Globalization and Technology in the 21st Century

479

(2)

The Social Reform Tradition in American History

481

(3)

Toward Policy Practice and Policy Advocacy

484

(3)

Participating in Social Movements

485

(1)

Establishing Advocacy Organizations

485

(1)

Seeking Social Reforms from within the Government

485

(1)

Educating the Public as a Prelude to Social Reforms

486

(1)

Electing Reform-Oriented Candidates to Office

486

(1)

Influencing Policy from Organizational Settings

486

(1)

Whistle-blowers

487

(1)

Moving beyond History

487

(4)

Name Index

491

(3)

Subject Index

494

The Reluctant Welfare State With Infotrac: American Social Welfare Policies -- Past, Present, and Future

9780534574697

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