Review of Organic Functional Groups

by Lemke, Thomas L.

• ISBN13: 9780812114287
• ISBN10: 0812114280
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1992-01-01
• Publisher: LEA & FEBIGER

Summary

Designed to be used as a self-paced review, this text outlines the functional groups common to organic chemistry, reviewing the general topics of nomenclature, physical and chemical properties, and metabolism. The text provides background material for the formal pharmacy courses in medicinal chemistry, easing the transition from general organic chemistry courses required of all pre-pharmacy students. The Fourth Edition will include a workbook on CD-ROM as well as an index on general drug metabolism. Students who use this text are able to complete difficult tasks such as: drawing a chemical structure or official chemical name; predicting solubility of chemicals in liquids; predicting and showing, with chemical structures, the metabolism of organic functional groups; predicting and showing instabilities, with chemical structures.

Table of Contents

Introduction	p. iii
Water Solubility and Chemical Bonding	p. 1
Van der Waals Attraction (Forces)	p. 1
Dipole-Dipole Bonding (Hydrogen Bond)	p. 2
Ionic Attraction	p. 3
Ion-Dipole Bonding	p. 4
Alkanes (C[subscript n]H[subscript 2n+2])	p. 6
Alkenes (C[subscript n]H[subscript 2 n])	p. 11
Cycloalkanes: Alkene Isomers	p. 14
Aromatic Hydrocarbons	p. 16
Halogenated Hydrocarbons	p. 19
Alcohols	p. 21
Phenols	p. 25
Ethers	p. 30
Aldehydes and Ketones	p. 33
Amines	p. 38
Quaternary Ammonium Salts	p. 46
Carboxylic Acids	p. 48
Functional Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids	p. 56
Esters	p. 56
Amides	p. 59
Carbonates, Carbamates, and Ureas	p. 62
Amidines and Guanidines	p. 64
Sulfonic Acids and Sulfonamides	p. 66
Sulfonic Acids	p. 66
Sulfonamides	p. 66
Thioethers and Nitro Groups	p. 69
Thioethers	p. 69
Nitro Groups	p. 70
Heterocycles	p. 71
Three-Membered Ring Heterocycles	p. 71
Four-Membered Ring Heterocycles	p. 74
Five-Membered Ring Heterocycles	p. 75
Five-Membered Ring Heterocycles With Two or More Heteroatoms	p. 80
Six-Membered Ring Heterocycles	p. 87
Six-Membered Ring Heterocycles With Two Heteroatoms	p. 88
Saturated Six-Membered Heterocycles	p. 94
Seven- And Eight-Membered Ring Heterocycles	p. 94
Bicyclic Heterocycles: Five-Membered Ring Plus Six-Membered Ring	p. 95
Bicyclic Heterocycles: Six-Membered Ring Plus Six-Membered Ring	p. 100
Bicyclic Heterocycles: Six-Membered Ring Plus Seven-Membered Ring	p. 103
Tricyclic Heterocycles	p. 104
Oligonucleotides and Nucleic Acids	p. 106
Proteins	p. 112
Predicting Water Solubility	p. 122
Empiric Method	p. 122
Analytic Method	p. 126
Stereoisomerism--Asymmetric Molecules	p. 129
Acidity and Basicity	p. 132
Definitions of Acids and Bases	p. 132
Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases	p. 134
Reaction of an Acid With a Base in Water	p. 136
Acidic and Basic Organic Function Groups	p. 138
Drug Metabolism	p. 141
Oxygenase Enzymes	p. 141
Hydrolase Enzymes	p. 145
Conjugation Reactions	p. 145
Index	p. 149
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