Revolutions and Revolutionary Movements

by DeFronzo, James

• ISBN13: 9780813344805
• ISBN10: 0813344808
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2011-01-11
• Publisher: Westview Pr

Summary

With crucial insights and indispensable information concerning modern-day political upheavals,Revolutions and Revolutionary Movementsprovides a representative cross section of the most significant revolutions of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. This fourth edition is revised and updated with special focus on Islamic fundamentalism and Islamic revolutionary movements and a new chapter on the Latin American democratic revolutions of the past decade. In this widely used text, students can trace the historical development of nine revolutions using a five-factor analytical framework. Author James DeFronzo clearly explains all relevant concepts and events, the roles of key leaders, and the interrelation of each revolutionary movement with international economic and political developments and conflicts, including World Wars I and II, the Cold War, and the War on Terror. Student resources include multiple orienting maps, summary and analysis sections, suggested readings, chronologies, and documentary resources.

Author Biography

James Defronzo is emeritus faculty of sociology at the University of Connecticut. His books include The Iraq War: Origins and Consequences (Westview Press) and the award-winning three-volume encyclopedia Revolutionary Movements in World History. He is also the author of numerous articles on political sociology, revolutionary movements, criminology, and social policy related to crime.

Table of Contents

List of Maps	p. xi
Preface	p. xiii
Acronyms	p. xvii
Introduction	p. 1
References and Further Readings	p. 5
Social Movements and Revolutions	p. 9
Revolutionary Movements: Critical Factors	p. 12
Revolutions That Failed	p. 21
Theories of Revolution	p. 25
Are Revolutions Developing or Occurring Now?	p. 28
Summary	p. 30
References and Further Readings	p. 31
The Russian Revolutions and Eastern Europe	p. 39
Geography and Population	p. 39
The Setting for Revolution	p. 40
The Russian Social Democratic Party	p. 43
The Attempted Revolution of 1905	p. 46
The Revolutions of 1917	p. 48
Assessing the Bolshevik Seizure of Power	p. 52
The Civil War	p. 54
Leadership Struggle	p. 55
The Soviet Union Under Stalin	p. 58
The Russian Revolution: Long-Term Consequences	p. 59
The Soviet Union and Revolution in Eastern Europe	p. 61
The Solidarity Movement and the Roots of Conflict in Post-Communist Party States	p. 64
The Disintegration of the Soviet Union	p. 66
Economic and Political Trends	p. 70
Corruption	p. 73
Health and Related Issues	p. 74
The Disintegration of Yugoslavia and the Tragedy of Bosnia	p. 76
Color Revolutions	p. 81
Conflict Between Georgia and Russia in 2008	p. 82
Summary and Analysis	p. 83
Russian Revolutions: Chronology of Major Events	p. 85
References and Further Readings	p. 87
Selected DVD, Film, and Videocassette Documentaries	p. 92
Revolution in China	p. 95
Geography and Population	p. 96
Social and Historical Settings for Revolution	p. 96
The Development of the Republican Movement	p. 102
Civil War in China	p. 109
The People's Republic of China: 1949-1990	p. 116
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution: 1966-1968	p. 122
Post-1978 Reforms	p. 123
The 1989 Prodemocracy Demonstrations	p. 125
China's Economic and Political Systems in the 1990s	p. 127
China's Economic Success Relative to the Former USSR	p. 128
Morality and the Future of the Chinese Revolution	p. 130
China's Progress, Problems, Policies, and Plans for the Future	p. 132
Summary and Analysis	p. 139
Chinese Revolution: Chronology of Major Events	p. 141
References and Further Readings	p. 142
Selected DVD, Film, and Videocassette Documentaries	p. 147
The Vietnamese Revolution	p. 149
Geography and Population	p. 149
Early Cultural and Political Characteristics	p. 150
French Conquest	p. 151
The French Impact on Vietnam	p. 152
Resistance to French Rule	p. 158
The Impact of World War II	p. 166
Insurrection	p. 168
The French Indochina War: 1946-1954	p. 172
The 1954 Geneva Accords on Indochina	p. 174
U.S. Involvement in Vietnam: 1954-1975	p. 175
Aftermath and Related Developments	p. 184
Summary and Analysis	p. 192
Vietnamese Revolution: Chronology of Major Events	p. 195
References and Further Readings	p. 196
Selected DVD, Film, and Videocassette Documentaries	p. 199
The Cuban Revolution	p. 203
Geography and Population	p. 205
Prerevolutionary Political History	p. 205
Economy and Social Classes	p. 211
Revolution	p. 214
Revolutionary Cuba	p. 220
U.S. Reactions to the Revolution	p. 222
Cuba and Revolution in Other Countries	p. 225
Cuba and Venezuela's Bolivarian Revolution and the Democratic Shift to the Left in Latin America	p. 232
Cuban Economy and Political System	p. 234
Summary and Analysis	p. 238
Cuban Revolution: Chronology of Major Events	p. 241
References and Further Readings	p. 242
Selected DVD, Film, and Videocassette Documentaries	p. 246
Revolution in Nicaragua	p. 249
Geography and Population	p. 249
Nicaragua Before the Revolution	p. 250
The Revolution	p. 256
Postrevolutionary Government, Changes, and Conflicts	p. 262
U.S. and World Reactions to the Revolution	p. 267
1989 Peace Agreement and 1990 Election	p. 273
Nicaragua in the 1990s	p. 276
Why Were Republican Administrations So Hostile?	p. 277
Nicaragua After the Violeta Chamorro Presidency	p. 279
Daniel Ortega and the FSLN Regain the Presidency	p. 280
Summary and Analysis	p. 282
Nicaraguan Revolution: Chronology of Major Events	p. 284
References and Further Readings	p. 285
Selected DVD, Film, and Videocassette Documentaries	p. 289
The Iranian Revolution and Islamic Fundamentalism	p. 291
Geography and Population	p. 292
National Culture	p. 292
The Qajar Dynasty and Foreign Influence	p. 294
The Pahlavi Dynasty	p. 295
The Setting for Revolution	p. 310
The Revolutionary Process	p. 312
Revolutionary Iran	p. 316
Iran After Khomeini	p. 324
Iran and the 1991 GulfWar	p. 325
Iran and Islamic Revolution Elsewhere	p. 327
Iran, Afghanistan, the War on Terror, and the U.S.-Led Invasion and Occupation of Iraq	p. 328
Developments After the Election of Obama	p. 330
Summary and Analysis	p. 334
Iranian Revolution: Chronology of Major Events	p. 337
References and Further Readings	p. 339
Selected DVD, Film, and Videocassette Documentaries	p. 341
Islamic Revolutionary Movements	p. 343
Historical Background of Islamic Fundamentalism	p. 344
Fundamentalism, Millenarianism, and Revolutionary Potential in Shia Islam	p. 350
Contemporary Revolutionary Fundamentalism in Sunna Islam: Hamas, Al Qaeda, Taliban	p. 351
The War in Iraq	p. 362
Hezbollah and the War with Israel	p. 368
Summary and Analysis	p. 371
Islamic Revolutionary Movements: Chronology of Major Events	p. 373
References and Further Readings	p. 376
Selected DVD, Film, and Videocassette Documentaries	p. 380
South Africa	p. 381
Geography and Population	p. 381
Dutch and British Colonization	p. 382
The Union of South Africa	p. 386
The Apartheid State	p. 389
Changes in the Apartheid System	p. 390
Opposition to Apartheid	p. 394
Counterinsurgency Strategies of the Regime in the 1980s	p. 405
Reforming Apartheid	p. 407
The Dismantling of Apartheid	p. 409
South Africa After Apartheid	p. 413
Summary and Analysis	p. 418
South Africa: Chronology of Major Events	p. 421
References and Further Readings	p. 423
Selected DVD, Film, and Videocassette Documentaries	p. 427
Revolution Through Democracy	p. 429
Revolution to Democracy	p. 430
Revolution Through Democracy: The Venezuelan Exception	p. 431
Revolution Through Democracy: Bolivia	p. 446
Elections in Other Nations	p. 457
Summary and Analysis	p. 458
Chronology of Major Events	p. 459
References and Further Readings	p. 460
Selected DVD, Film, and Videocassette Documentaries	p. 464
Conclusions	p. 465
Some Comparisons Among the Case Studies	p. 465
Inadequacies in the Theories of Revolution	p. 469
Revolutions of the Future?	p. 471
References and Further Readings	p. 472
Purchase and Rental Sources	p. 473
About the Book and Author	p. 475
Index	p. 476
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